• Title/Summary/Keyword: Building Layer

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Surface displacements due to tunneling in granular soils in presence and absence of geosynthetic layer under footings

  • Rebello, Nalini E.;Shivashankar, R.;Sastry, Vedala R.
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.739-744
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    • 2018
  • This paper presents the results of numerical modeling studies on the effect of displacements of tunneling in granular soils. Presence of building loads is considered, to find displacement generated at the surface on tunnel. Effect of varying eccentricities of building is simulated, to find influence of building on vertical and horizontal displacement. Studies were carried out in two cases of with and without a geosynthetic layer installed at the bottom of the footing. Results of analysis revealed, the presence of geosynthetic layer under footing, with building placed on centre line, reduced the surface displacements compared to displacement generated without geosynthetic layer. Presence of geosynthetic layer under footing had a dominant effect in reducing displacements in high storey structures. However, when the building was shifted to greater eccentricities from centre line, presence of geosynthetic layer, led to insignificant reduction of displacements on the centre line at the surface.

Automated Extraction of Orthorectified Building Layer from High-Resolution Satellite Images (고해상도 위성영상으로부터 건물 정위 레이어 자동추출)

  • Seunghee Kim;Taejung Kim
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.339-353
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    • 2023
  • As the availability of high-resolution satellite imagery increases, improvement of positioning accuracy of satellite images is required. The importance of orthorectified images is also increasing, which removes relief displacement and establishes true localization of man-made structures. In this paper, we performed automated extraction of building rooftops and total building areas within original satellite images using the existing building height database. We relocated the rooftop sin their true position and generated an orthorectified building layer. The extracted total building areas were used to blank out building areas and generate true orthographic non-building layer. A final orthorectified image was provided by overlapping the building layer and non-building layer.We tested the proposed method with KOMPSAT-3 and KOMPSAT-3A satellite images and verified the results by overlapping with a digital topographical map. Test results showed that orthorectified building layers were generated with a position error of 0.4m.Through the proposed method, the feasibility of automated true orthoimage generation within dense urban areas was confirmed.

Impact of Building Blocks on Inundation Level in Urban Drainage Area (지표 건물이 도시유역의 침수특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jeong-Young;Ha, Sung-Ryong
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.99-107
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    • 2013
  • This study is an impact assessment of building blocks on urban inundation depth and area. LiDAR data is used to generate two original data set in terms of DEM with $5{\times}5$ meter and building block elevation layer of the study drainage area in Cheongju and then the building block elevation layer is modified again to the mesh data with same size to DEM. Two-dimensional inundation analysis is carried out by applying 2D SWMM model. The inundation depth calculated by using the building block elevation layer shows higher reliability than the DEM. This is resulted from the building block interference to surface flow. In addition, the maximum flooded area by DEM is two times wider than the area by building block layer. In the case of the surface velocity, the difference of velocity is negligible in either DEM or building block case in the low building impact zone. However, If the impact of building on the surface velocity was increase, the gap of velocity was significant.

A Case Study on the Design Variables Evaluation of Green Roof System effecting on Building Energy Conservation (건물 에너지 소비량에 영향을 미치는 옥상녹화시스템 설계변수 평가에 관한 사례 연구)

  • Choi, Jeong-Min
    • Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 2015
  • This study is to find out the major design variables of Green roof system effecting on the building energy consumption. Therefore, in three categories of green roof system, namely, foliage layer, soil layer and irrigation, 10 design variables are selected and simulated with one-story case building. Simulation is carried out with Design Builder and EnergyPlus. Finally, it was found out the effects of major variables affecting on the building heating and cooling energy and how they are affecting on the heating and cooling seasons respectively.

Generation of Unit Shape Layer on CAD/CAM System for VLM-ST (VLM-ST용 CAD/CAM 시스템에서 단위 형상층 생성 방법 및 적용예)

  • 이상호;안동규;최홍석;양동열;문영복;채희창
    • Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.148-156
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    • 2002
  • Most Rapid Prototyping (RP) processes adopt a solid Computer Aided Design (CAD) model, which will be sliced into thin layers of constant thickness in the building direction. Each cross-sectional layer is successively deposited and, simultaneously, bonded onto the previous layer; and eventually the stacked layers from a physical part of the model. A new RP process, the transfer-type Variable Lamination Manufacturing process using expandable polystyrene foam sheet (VLM-ST), has been developed to reduce building time and to improve the surface finish of parts with the thick layers and a sloping surface. This paper describes the generation of Unit Shape Layer (USL), the cutting path data of the linen. hotwire cutter for the VLM-ST process. USL is a three-dimensional layer with a thickness of more than 1 mm and a side slope, and it is the basic unit of cutting and building in the VLM-ST process. USL includes data such as layer thickness, positional coordinates, side angles of each layer, hotwire cutting speed, the heat input to the hotwire, and reference shape. The procedure of generating USL is as follows: (1)Generation of the mid-slice from the CAD model, (2)Conversion of the mid-slice into a simply connected domain, (3)Generation to the reference shape for the mid-slice, (4)Calculation of the rotation angle of the hotwire of the cutting system.

The Study of Radon Concentration According to Building of Stars (건물 층별에 따른 라돈농도에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Young-Sik
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.94-98
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    • 2005
  • This study was carried out to provide radon concentration and exposure in building. The average radon concentrations of building was measured 1.37 pCi/L in basement, 0.95 pCi/L in 1st layer, 0.74 pCi/L in 2nd layer, 0.56 pCi/L in 3rd layer, and 0.4 pCi/L in 4th layer, respectively. The average radon concentration of basement was measured the higher than any other stairs. Daily average distribution of radon concentrations in building shown that radon concentrations measured in morning at 8hr was the highest value. Monthly average distribution of radon concentrations shown 0.28 ${\pm}$ 0.17 pCi/L in April and 0.82 pCi/L in December that was the highest value. The average concentrations of radon was measured 0.38pCi/L in spring. 0.44 pCi/L in summer, 0.53 pCi/L in autumn, and 0.67 pCi/L in winter, respectively. This result shown that the average concentrations of radon in winter was the higher than any other seasons. That reasons was supposed that effect of number of exchanges and using air conditions was the higher in summer than winter.

Effect of Multi-Layer Carbon Fiber Sheet Used for Strengthening Reinforced Concrete Beams

  • You Young-Chan;Choi Ki-Sun;Kim Keung-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.17 no.1 s.85
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    • pp.149-155
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the flexural strengthening effects of CF(Carbon Fiber) sheet for the full-scale RC beams with multi-layer CF sheets. The partial strength reduction factors of CF sheets are suggested from the full-scale RC beams tests strengthened with multi-layer CF sheets up to six layers as well as material tests. From the material tensile tests, it was observed that the average tensile strengths of CF sheets per layer are decreased as the number of CF sheets is increased. Also the steep strength reductions of CF sheets in material test results at rupture are observed compared with the structural tests results for the full-scale RC beams strengthened with multi-layer CF sheets. Finally, the partial strength reduction factors far CF sheets up to six layers are suggested considering the effects of multi-layer and unit weight of CF sheets.

Study on the injecting technology of waterproofing layer for water leakage repair of roof (건축물 옥상방수층의 누수보수를 위한 방수층재형성 주입기술에 관한 연구)

  • 배기선;조일규;장혁수;곽규성
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2002.11a
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    • pp.23-27
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    • 2002
  • Waterproofing is one of the important factor to improve performance of building elements. But existing repair system for waterproofing have many problems like a damage of waterproof layer due to movement of concrete substrate, blistering effect and moisture condition. So waterproofing layer can not play an important part to improve waterproofing function and performance of building. Therefore, new waterproofing system to solve these problems of existing waterproofing system is developed. In this paper, new waterproofing system in water-leakage repair for remodeling is introduced

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Comparison of Mechanical Properties and Form Accuracy in FDM 3D Printing Based on Building Conditions (FDM 방식 3D 프린팅에서 제작 조건에 따른 기계적물성치와 형상정밀도의 실험적 비교)

  • Kim, Gi-Dae
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.20 no.8
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    • pp.52-59
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    • 2021
  • In this study, we experimentally evaluated the mechanical properties and geometric form accuracy in FDM 3D printing processes based on the printing direction, building direction, and layer thickness. The specimen test results showed that the tensile strength increased by over 33% in the printing direction compared to the direction perpendicular to printing and the tensile strength becomes larger as the layer thickness decreased. Furthermore, the tensile and impact strengths in the building direction were significantly reduced due to the difference in the interlayer joining and bonding strengths of the fused material. Additionally, shrinkage of the material due to phase change induced curl distortion especially in thin and long 3D-printed products, which increased as the layer thickness increased.

Improvement of Natural Ventilation in a Factory Building Using PIV Technique (PIV 풍동실험을 통한 공장건물의 자연환기 향상 연구)

  • Kang Jong-Hoon;Lee Snag-Jeon
    • 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.12a
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    • pp.46-49
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    • 2005
  • Vents at outer walls of a large factory building are very important for natural ventilation. But, if a full-open vent is used, rain comes through the vents. We tried to utilize the natural ventilation effectively using a louver. A 1/120 scale-down building model was placed inside an atmospheric boundary layer simulated in a wind tunnel test section. The effect of louver angle on the ventilation flow inside the factory building was investigated experimentally. Instantaneous velocity fields inside the building model were measured using a 2-frame PIV system with varying the louver angles ($\theta=20^{\circ},\;40^{\circ},\;60^{\circ}$). For the case of $\theta=60^{\circ}$, as the incoming flow into the factory building increases, the inside velocity distribution becomes uniformly.

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