• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2015

In this paper, object-based classification of urban areas based on a combination of information from lidar and aerial images is introduced. High resolution images are frequently used in automatic classification, making use of the spectral characteristics of the features under study. However, in urban areas, pixel-based classification can be difficult since building colors differ and the shadows of buildings can obscure building segmentation. Therefore, if the boundaries of buildings can be extracted from lidar, this information could improve the accuracy of urban area classifications. In the data processing stage, lidar data and the aerial image are co-registered into the same coordinate system, and a local maxima filter is used for the building segmentation of lidar data, which are then converted into an image containing only building information. Then, multiresolution segmentation is achieved using a scale parameter, and a color and shape factor; a compactness factor and a layer weight are implemented for the classification using a class hierarchy. Results indicate that lidar can provide useful additional data when combined with high resolution images in the object-oriented hierarchical classification of urban areas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.117-118
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• 2011

The acid stained agents are able to make remarkably thin colored layers on concrete surfaces and have simple processes for applying them comparably. This study has examined properties of the reaction to acid stained agent and cement hydrate. We've observed that the C-S-W autoclave cured specimens contain less Calcium Hydroxide than the others and create tobermorite of C-S-H system crystalline and concluded that the reactions of acid stained agent become slowdown under C-S-W and cause light colors of specimens.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.36-47
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• 2019

Smart window technology has become a major component of smart buildings, leading to energy savings and enhanced functionality. Smart windows work like curtains or blind screens, blocking external light sources. Smart window components employ electrochromic or photochromic materials that can selectively block sunlight when electricity is applied. The installation of low-E glass and building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is being encouraged in accordance with the policy on saving building energy. To incorporate BIPV into smart windows, the transparency and colors of transparent photovoltaics must be optimized. The power sources required to operate these smart windows take advantage of the transparent color of the solar cells, which also facilitates aesthetics. Self-powered smart windows that combine electrochromic or photochromic screens with transparent solar cells suggest a promising convergent technology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.112-113
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• 2021

Since natural sand is being depleted, research is being conducted to use glass similar to sand as an aggregate. When non-reusable waste glass is crushed and used as fine aggregate, it is known that alkali of cement and silica of glass react to cause an alkali aggregate reaction. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data by studying the strength according to color to use waste glass as fine aggregate. When 10% was replaced, both flexural and compressive strength showed strength values similar to those of Plain. When replaced by 20% and 30%, the 7-day intensity was higher than that of Plain. In addition, colorless glass was found to have the highest strength among glass colors. More research is expected to be needed to become a fine aggregate of waste glass.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.634-639
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• 2013

The aim of the study is to develop the 3D visualization of Building Information Model and integrated 4D model for optimization of resources in the construction project. This study discuss the process of methodology and creation of 4D model of the project and simulate it to monitor the workflow at the site. Different stages of the construction process and activities are generated by using Revit and MS Project. MS project has been used for creation of the schedules and these are linked with the Revit for 3D modeling. The time used as the fourth dimension and 4D model created by using Navisworks Time liner software. Narges shopping center is presented as a case study to realize the actual uses and benefits of Building Information Model (BIM). Narges shopping mall is located in Tehran, Iran. As a part of Hekmat master plan, Narges shopping center is an 11 stores building with a total area of 30000 Sq.m. This shopping and entertainment center is comprised of 150 retails and two multi-use public halls with a capacity of 400 persons each and underground parking with total 400 parking space. The main purpose of architecture was to create an urban public center along with its revolving, spiral like form and an ever changing continuous façade by means of different colors, materials, which is in harmony with the other building of the master plan. The approximate cost of the project is $17 million and duration of the project schedule is 30 months. The developed Building Information Model enabled us to identify the potential collisions or clashes between various structural and architectural systems. 4D model has been used for limiting the interaction between subcontractors installing the different systems so rework could be avoided and productivity maximized. It is also observed that the utility of BIM for construction stimulation and clash detection is the best suitable method. Clash detection before the implementation of work is highly recommended to avoid rework.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2019

Safety sign panel has been used in construction sites to assure the safety of the workers. Such safety panel can be categorized as 4 different signals, such as prohibition, warning, indication, and information. Each of the categorized item must follow lawful which is specifically designated for its own purposes, on its color and the shape. However, the color and shape of the safety sign panels that have been used in construction sites are not found to follow the suggested lawful requirement, and such differences are originated from safety merchandise production company or vendor, and construction company. In this study, samples of safety sign panels were obtained from various construction sites in Republic of Korea then the colors of such samples were measured, analyzed, and compared. According to the results, colors of the safety sign panels were out of the lawful requirement due to the aging and surface contamination of the safety sign panel. Frequent maintenance on the safety sign panel is therefore necessary. In addition, steel panels that were used in the construction sites were found to be unsuitable to meet the lawful requirements. In order to the color requirements on safety sign panel, it is recommended for Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency to provide standard reference sample for each material used to produce safety sign panel, to distribute them to the producer and construction sites, and to supervise overall system.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.115-123
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• 2022

This study aims to introduce a temperature discoloration roof system and its cooling effect in the summer. Temperature discoloration paints can reverse their colors based on temperature changes. If these paints on the roof surface could color-shift between white in the summer and black in the winter, the indoor cooling and heating loads can be affected by the changes in reflection and absorption of solar radiation. Focusing on the summer period, the study analyzed the cooling effect of applying temperature discoloration paint that color-shifts from white to black on the roof surface of a small experimental building module and compared it to commonly used gray and green roof colors. Results of the experiment showed that the surface temperature of the roof with temperature discoloration paint was lower than the gray and green color roofs by a maximum of 10℃. Furthermore, the indoor temperature of the experimental module with the temperature discoloration roof was lower than the gray and green roofs by approximately 3℃. Findings of the study indicate that the application of temperature discoloration paint to the roof can reduce indoor cooling loads.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.251-252
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• 2018

Cool roof coating materials generally use white color which has the highest reflectance, but it is a tendency to apply various colors because it can cause glare and fatigue of a nearby building user due to the urban beauty and high reflection. This study when applying color diversity material cool roof coating was carried out as a basic research for the degree of solar radiation reflectance change. Experiment result. As a result of the measurement of the reflectance of each specimen, white showed the best reflectance in the near infrared region, and black had the lowest reflectance. Also, in case of brown, it was confirmed that the reflectance of solar radiation in the near extrinsic region is lower than that of gray.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.69-76
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• 2009

As sensibility ergonomics are broadly spread, recently in interior design area, interests on roles of sensibility, sensibility effects for users, and etc has been increased. As a study on sensibility design for interior design area, the study applied sensibility ergonomics technique to bathroom interior design. Sensibility ergonomics technique is integrated into each phase of bathroom design process in order to produce 4 design alternatives. Sensibility evaluation on design alternatives was performed for subject of designers, and analyzed the results to show the relationship between sensibility of designers and design factors and to identify characteristics of designer's sensibility structure. The results of the study are as follows. First, it's found that in the bathroom interior design of sustainable concept, uses of bright colors with white tone and floor tile creates positive sensibility responses such as delight, healthiness, spaciousness, and cheerfulness. Second, designers' sensibility structure about sustainable bathroom is composed of three axles, healthiness, eco-friendliness, and refinement. Third, designers think colors of interior and finished materials is most important, and window, artificial lighting, layout, and space size related to those is important too. The process and approach in the study might contribute to building a fundamental of sensibility design research in interior design area.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.320-327
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• 2013

In order to maintain and protect professionalism in color planning, the present study examined the process at the time of realization of color through color inspection and supervision in the actual construction site and suggested plans for improvement. Reflecting the characteristics that the governing body of the construction site is not a private person but an organization, the present study aims to provide institutional measures so that the supervisor of color construction at the actual site of construction can propose concerns related to proper construction at the right time, and the matters cannot be decided from the perspective of a layman. The institutional measures are proposed through the case of application of a process at the construction stage of the color planning at the construction site of Muju Taekwondo Park. First, the process clarified where the responsibility lies by specifying special conditions concerning color inspection on the field guide and color contract. Second, the sample for building materials was selected after obtaining it from a company capable of supply and is appropriate for the planned unit cost so that it could play an important role in realizing colors at the stage of basic design. Third, the process of construction was ensured not by temporary selection of colors but by continuous approval of colors in consideration of the conditions of construction site through letter of approval of color at each stage and point of time. Fourth, coordination of various color elements of other fields including landscape, interior, and electricity ensured construction of the whole structure in one color concept. Fifth, color inspection through the mock up of the site will minimize erroneous construction and reconstruction and prevent decrease in productivity. Sixth, this study also suggested more comfortable and positive color environment through evaluation by experts and users. The researcher of this study expects that color experts actively participate in the stage of construction to contribute to improvement of the color environment.