• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권4B호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2007

최근 네트워크 기술이 발전하면서 사용자들의 요구가 다양화되고 대용량의 멀티미디어 데이터에 대한 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 실시간성과 동시성이 중요시 되는 멀티미디어 데이터의 전송에는 UDP(User Datagram Protocol) 트래픽이 사용되고 있는데, UDP 트래픽은 현재의 인터넷 기반인 TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) 트래픽과 경쟁 관계에 있어 네트워크의 혼잡을 초래하는 경우가 많았다. 반면 TCP 트랙픽은 네트워크의 혼잡제어를 수행하지만 수신자의 관점을 고려하지 않은 점이 있어서 스트리밍 전송에는 적합하지 않은 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 네트워크의 형평성 문제를 해결하고 수신자의 관점에서 RTP/RTCP(Real-time Trasport Protocol/Realtime Transport Control Protocol)를 기반으로 하는 네트워크 알고리즘을 제안한다. 네트워크에 우선순위를 적용하여 수신자의 버퍼를 고려한 혼잡제어 알고리즘인 POBA(Priority-Ordered Buffer Algorithm)는 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 우선 순위가 없는 기존 네트워크에 비해 패킷 손실률과 버퍼 점유도 면에서 스트리밍 전송에 적합한 환경을 제공하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.855-869
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• 1997

In this paper, we proposed two kids of dynamic priority control mechanisms controlling the cell service ratio in order to improve the QOS(Quality of Service). We also analyse theoretically the characteristics of cell loss probability and mean cell delay time by applying the proposed priority control mechanisms to ATM switch with output buffer. The proposed priority control mechanisms have the same principles of storing cells into buffer but the different principles of serving cells from buffer. The one is the control mechanism controlling the cell service ratio according to the relative cell occupancy ratio of buffer, the other is the control mechanism controlling the cell service ratio according to both the relative cell occupancy ratio of buffer and the average arrival rate. The two service classes of our concern are the delay sensitive class and the loss sensitive class. The analytical results show that the proposed control mechanisms are able to improve the QOS, the characteristics of cell loss probability and mean cell delay time, by selecting properly the relative cell occupancy ratio of buffer and the average arrival rate. conventional DLB algorithm does not support synchronous cells, but the proposed algorithm gives higher priority to synchronous cells. To reduce synchronous cell loss rate, the synchronous cell detector is used in the proposed algorithm. Synchronous cell detector detects synchronous cells, and passes them cells to the 2nd Leaky-Bucket. So it is similar to give higher priority to synchronous cells. In this paper, the proposed algorithm used audio/video traffic modeled by On/Off and Two-state MMPP, and simulated by SLAM II package. As simulation results, the proposed algorithm gets lower synchronous cell loss rate than the conventional DLB algorithms. The improved DLB algorithm for multimedia synchronization can be extended to any other cells which require higher priority.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권10B호
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• pp.854-861
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 ATM 망에서의 접속된 트래픽에 대해 효율적인 버퍼제어를 위한 퍼지제어 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 퍼지 제어 알고리즘은 동적 서비스율을 구하기 위해 트래픽의 도착율과 버퍼점유률 그리고 퍼지집합을 사용한다. 즉, 발생된 전체 트래픽의 도착율과 버퍼점유률에 따라 퍼지논리를 기반으로 하여 추론한다. 그 후, 추론 결과로 얻어진 비퍼지화값으로 접속된 트래픽에 대해 서버에서의 서비스율을 제어하도록 하였다. 성능분석 결과 기존의 부분버퍼공유기법과 비교하여 셀손실율을 줄임으로서 그 성능이 향상되었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1224-1225
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• 2008

The results of the experiment that was conducted on the electron emission property and the long-term stability of the emission current in various carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based field emitters with a CNT/catalyst/buffer/W-tip configuration are presented herein. CNT-based field emitters were fabricated by varying the (TiN, Al/Ni/TiN) buffer layer and the (Ni, Co) catalyst material. This study aimed to elucidate how the buffer layers and catalyst materials affect the structural properties of CNTs and the long-term stability of CNT emitters. Raman spectroscopy, field emission SEM, and high-resolution TEM were used to analyze the crystalline structure, surface morphologies, and nanostructures of all the grown CNTs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to monitor the chemical bonds of all the buffer layers and catalysts. Electron emission measurement and a long-term (up to 40h) stability test were carried out using a compactly designed field emission measurement system.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.5149-5167
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• 2017

Reducing energy consumption in a wireless video sensor network (WVSN) is a crucial problem because of the high video data volume and severe energy constraints of battery-powered WVSN nodes. In this paper, we present an adaptive dynamic resizing approach for a SRAM communication buffer in a WVSN node in order to reduce the energy consumption and thereby, to maximize the lifetime of the WVSN nodes. To reduce the power consumption of the communication part, which is typically the most energy-consuming component in the WVSN nodes, the radio needs to remain turned off during the data buffer-filling period as well as idle period. As the radio ON/OFF transition incurs extra energy consumption, we need to reduce the ON/OFF transition frequency, which requires a large-sized buffer. However, a large-sized SRAM buffer results in more energy consumption because SRAM power consumption is proportional to the memory size. We can dynamically adjust any active buffer memory size by utilizing a power-gating technique to reflect the optimal control on the buffer size. This paper aims at finding the optimal buffer size, based on the trade-off between the respective energy consumption ratios of the communication buffer and the radio part, respectively. We derive a formula showing the relationship between control variables, including active buffer size and total energy consumption, to mathematically determine the optimal buffer size for any given conditions to minimize total energy consumption. Simulation results show that the overall energy reduction, using our approach, is up to 40.48% (26.96% on average) compared to the conventional wireless communication scheme. In addition, the lifetime of the WVSN node has been extended by 22.17% on average, compared to the existing approaches.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2004

I-TCP의 이동성 지원 라우터(MSR)의 버퍼가 넘치는 현상을 방지하기 위한 혼잡제어 알고리즘을 제안한다. 무선망 환경에서의 높은 비트 오류율와 잦은 핸드오프로 인해 유ㆍ무선이 혼재된 네트워크에서의 TCP Reno의 혼잡제어 방식은 유선으로만 이루어진 네트워크에서 보다 낮은 전송률을 보인다. 이를 해결하기 위해 하나의 TCP 연결을 유선과 무선부분 각각 두개의 TCP 연결로 나누어 처리하는 I-TCP가 제안되었다. 그러나 무선망의 비트 오류가 과다하게 발생하거나 핸드오프가 빈번하면 이동성 지원 라우터의 버퍼가 넘치는 현상이 발생할 수 있다. 이것은 MSR이 송신자에게 해달 ack를 보낸 패킷(MSR 버퍼에 있는)들이 수신자에게 전송되지 못하는 결과를 초래하여 TCP의 end-to-end semantic를 위반하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 송신자와 MSR 사이에 “흐름 제어” 기법을 도입하여 이동성 지원 라우터의 버퍼가 넘치는 현상을 방지하였다. 송신자와 MSR 사이의 advertised window를 MSR 버퍼의 남은 공간과 연동하여 MSR의 버퍼가 넘치기 전에 MSR로 전송되는 패킷의 양을 조절할 수 있다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2017

실시간 영상회의 시스템의 한계는 네트워크 및 버퍼링의 지연과 사용자 정보의 전달이 시스템 간에 효율적으로 이루어지지 않고 있어 실시간성이 완벽하게 보장되지 않고 있는 것이다. 이를 극복하기 위해 네트워크 인프라의 확장과 지터 지연에 대한 연구는 활발하게 진행되고 있지만, 버퍼링 지연에 따른 연구는 미흡한 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 버퍼링 지연으로 발생하는 문제를 해결하기 위해 프레임율 제어 버퍼(Frame-Rate Control Buffer) 관리 기법을 제안하고자 한다. FRCB는 FTH (Fist-play THreshold)와 STH (Slow-play THreshold)의 2단계 버퍼 임계값을 채택하여 버퍼의 오버플로우 및 언더플로우를 방지하는데 사용된다. 따라서, CPU 부하가 높은 상황에서도 지터 버퍼보다 우수한 성능을 보여 고품질의 실시간 영상회의에 적합함을 보였다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.304-308
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• 2005

The response of IPTG induction was investigated through the monitoring of the alkali consumption rate and buffer capacity during the cultivation of recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3) harboring the plasmid pRSET-LacZ under the control of lac promoter. The rate of alkali consumption increased along with cell growth, but declined suddenly after approximately 0.2 h of IPTG induction. The buffer capacity also declined after 0.9 h of IPTG induction. The profile of buffer capacity seems to correlate with the level of acetate production. The IPTG response was monitored only when introduced into the mid-exponential phase of bacterial cell growth. The minimum concentration of IPTG for induction, which was found out to be 0.1 mM, can also be monitored on-line and in-situ. Therefore, the on-line monitoring of alkali consumption rate and buffer capacity can be an indicator of the metabolic shift initiated by IPTG supplement, as well as for the physiological state of cell growth.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.861-873
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• 2000

Rate-based flow control plays an important role for efficient traffic management of Available Bit Rate(ABR) services. We deal with the problem of the buffer dimension for rate-based ABR control. In this paper, we analyze the Allowed Cell Rate(ACR) of a source and the queue size in a steady state. First, we investigate the effect of the number of active sources on the behavior of the ACR and the maximum queue size. Reflecting the effect of this real scenes, we determine the optimal buffer size and buffer threshold. Furthermore, our analytic results are compared with the case when the effect of the number of active sources is disregarded.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2021

A buffer overflow attack is carried out to subvert privileged program functions to gain control of the program and thus control the host. Buffer overflow attacks should be prevented by risk managers by eradicating and detecting them before the software is utilized. While calculating the size, correct variables should be chosen by risk managers in situations where fixed-length buffers are being used to avoid placing excess data that leads to the creation of an overflow. Metamorphism can also be used as it is capable of protecting data by attaining a reasonable resistance level [1]. In addition, risk management teams should ensure they access the latest updates for their application server products that support the internet infrastructure and the recent bug reports [2]. Scanners that can detect buffer overflows' flaws in their custom web applications and server products should be used by risk management teams to scan their websites. This paper presents an experiment of buffer overflow vulnerability and attack. The aims to study of a buffer overflow mechanism, types, and countermeasures. In addition, to comprehend the current detection plus prevention approaches that can be executed to prevent future attacks or mitigate the impacts of similar attacks.