• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.221-234
• /
• 2011

This study researched the domestic School Library Standards(SLS), and analyzed specificities and differences by criteria. The Ministry of Education, Science & Technology have enacted the School Library Promotion Law(SLPL) supporting school library. SLPL and SLS could not reflect a change of school library environments in recent years. In particular, these standards have the problems with budget assignment, educational services, information resources, and human resources. Therefore, this study suggested a new model of SLS and set up some definite criteria for school library management.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.481-491
• /
• 2014

In this paper, we discussed a problem for improving the throughput of a crankshaft manufacturing line in an automotive factory in which the budget for purchasing new machines and installing additional buffers is limited. We also considered the constraint of available space for both of machine and buffer. Although this problem seems like a kind of buffer allocation problem, it is different from buffer allocation problem because additional machines are also considered. Thus, it is not easy to calculate the throughput by mathematical model, and therefore simulation model was developed using $ARENA^{(R)}$ for estimating throughput. To determine the investment plan, a modified Arrow Assignment Rule under some constraints was suggested and it was applied to the real case.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2015.05a
• /
• pp.251-252
• /
• 2015

Enough school facility maintenance data should be accumulated in a database or data warehouse in order to supply information about school facility correct maintenance budget plan, budget assignment, and cycle and rate of maintenance or replacement. For those, this research analyze the present school facility maintenance practice and budget and construction cost structure. In order to solve the problems, this study analyze the present practice of maintenance and replacement and obtain LCC(Life cycle cost) data, perform expert interview and then establish construction work breakdown structure of maintenance of educational facility by combining work breakdown structure(WBS) and cost breakdown structure(CBS).

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.141-153
• /
• 2012

According to the environment change of market, supply chain network needs to be redesigned for efficient provision of product within the budget constraint. Also, it is desired that the customer satisfaction such as on time delivery should be considered as an important element at redesigning of supply chain network in addition to the cost reduction. In this paper redesign of supply chain network for its expansion is treated as a problem situation and a related mathematical model is suggested. Moreover, the numerical examples about the total weighted distance of the redesigned supply chain network are presented with various budget constraints by using genetic algorithm to help the managerial decision.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.7
• /
• pp.275-288
• /
• 2019

In this paper, we consider a rumor source inference problem when sufficiently many nodes heard the rumor in the network. This is an important problem because information spread in networks is fast in many real-world phenomena such as diffusion of a new technology, computer virus/spam infection in the internet, and tweeting and retweeting of popular topics and some of this information is harmful to other nodes. This problem has been much studied, where it has been shown that the detection probability cannot be beyond 31% even for regular trees if the number of infected nodes is sufficiently large. Motivated by this, we study the impact of query that is asking some additional question to the candidate nodes of the source and propose budget assignment algorithms of a query when the network administrator has a finite budget. We perform various simulations for the proposed method and obtain the detection probability that outperforms to the existing prior works.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.48 no.11
• /
• pp.945-955
• /
• 2015

The technology of the SWG (Smart Water Grid) as one of most important national projects results in significant assignment that is closely associated with systematic management and effective operation. The individual component technics are required to establish directory and classification for the purpose of effectively managing their information related to research and development (R&D). The national science technology (S&T) standard classification tree which results in the representative example has been established with an intention to manage R&D information, human resource, and budget. It has been also revised every five years and then used in the various fields related to the evaluation, administration, and prediction of the national R&D projects. In addition, the standard classification system for R&D projects has been widely used in the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) and EU (European Union) since the Frascati Manual was established in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Therefore, it is necessary for SWG techniques to develop the standard S&T classification tree for research management and evaluation. For this, it is essential to draw the core techniques for the SWG, which are incorporated with IT (Information Technology), NT (Nano Technology), and BT (Biology Technology).

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.47-57
• /
• 2016

PURPOSES : This study aims to examine the differences between the existing traffic demand forecasting method and the traffic demand forecasting method considering future regional development plans and new road construction and expansion plans using a four-step traffic demand forecast for a more objective and sophisticated national highway maintenance. This study ultimately aims to present future pavement deterioration and budget forecasting planning based on the examination. METHODS : This study used the latest data offered by the Korea Transport Data Base (KTDB) as the basic data for demand forecast. The analysis scope was set using the Daejeon Metropolitan City's O/D and network data. This study used a traffic demand program called TransCad, and performed a traffic assignment by vehicle type through the application of a user equilibrium-based multi-class assignment technique. This study forecasted future traffic demand by verifying whether or not a realistic traffic pattern was expressed similarly by undertaking a calibration process. This study performed a life cycle cost analysis based on traffic using the forecasted future demand or existing past pattern, or by assuming the constant traffic demand. The maintenance criteria were decided according to equivalent single axle loads (ESAL). The maintenance period in the concerned section was calculated in this study. This study also computed the maintenance costs using a construction method by applying the maintenance criteria considering the ESAL. The road user costs were calculated by using the user cost calculation logic applied to the Korean Pavement Management System, which is the existing study outcome. RESULTS : This study ascertained that the increase and decrease of traffic occurred in the concerned section according to the future development plans. Furthermore, there were differences from demand forecasting that did not consider the development plans. Realistic and accurate demand forecasting supported an optimized decision making that efficiently assigns maintenance costs, and can be used as very important basic information for maintenance decision making. CONCLUSIONS : Therefore, decision making for a more efficient and sophisticated road management than the method assuming future traffic can be expected to be the same as the existing pattern or steady traffic demand. The reflection of a reliable forecasting of the future traffic demand to life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) can be a very vital factor because many studies are generally performed without considering the future traffic demand or with an analysis through setting a scenario upon LCCA within a pavement management system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.231-248
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study is to trigger a discussion on the educational gap between regions in school library resources. To this end, differences and correlations between other resources invested in the school library and output results were analyzed according to manpower allocation. There was a positive correlation between the number of books, the budget, the number of seats, the number of borrowed materials, and the number of students. It was analyzed that manpower allocation had a negative correlation with the number of subjects in which the ratio of students, the lowest grade in the achievement evaluation, was more than 1/2. As a result of examining the staffing according to the 「School Library Promotion Act」 by regional characteristics, it was found that the allocation rate was statistically significantly higher in the order of metropolitan area, and provincial unit. Depending on the regional characteristics, there were differences in net asset per household as well as differences in school library manpower assignment rates. In contrast, the large cities with relatively affluent school library manpower assignment rates were found to be higher. Therefore, based on the survey contents of this study, it was emphasized that the manpower stipulated in the 「School Library Promotion Act」 should be deployed as soon as possible even in relatively poor areas to bridge the educational gap between regions.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.351-381
• /
• 2011

When EU was formed in the late 1950s, the income gap or economic development between member nations was similar so that the interest in execution of regional policies at the level of union was relatively small, with just Italy showing some interest relatively. In 1975, however, ERDF was founded, and nations such as Spain or Portugal that were falling behind in economic development compared to existing member nations joined EU, and the regional policy of the union gradually gained attention. Accordingly, EU gradually increased the budget size for regional policies so that through 1980s and 1990s, the budget size grew over 4 times. In 2004 and 2007, 12 Central-Eastern European nations with great gaps in income level with existing member countries joined EU all at once, so that the resolution of regional inequality among member nations arose as an important assignment in the development of the community. Accordingly, EU has modified the overall goals and basis of regional policies to deal with this matter. From such perspectives, this report examined the development process of regional policies executed by EU for the last 50 years. In the conclusion parts, the issues that appeared in the process of executing EU's regional policies were also examined at the same time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.125-133
• /
• 2012

This paper deals with the passenger transfer trips counted from smart bus-card data from Seoul transit network to understand the current operational condition of the system. Objective of this study is to relocate the location of the transit transfer centers. It delivers a bi-level programing model. The upper model is a linear 0-1 binary integer program having the objective of total travel cost minimization constrained by the number of transfer centers and the total construction budget. The lower model is an user equilibrium assignment model determining the passengers' route choice according to the transfer center locations. The proposed bi-level programming model was tested in an example network. The result showed that the proposed was able to find the optimal solution.