• 한국의사학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.18-33
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• 2007

Buddist Medicine has greatly influenced Chinese medicine, a medicine centered around East Asian traditional medicine. Buddhist medicine, however, was replaced when Chinese medicine became centered around Confucianism in the 12th century. According to "Tianjinyaofang" a document of the 8th century, however, traces of Buddhist medicine can be found. This study has found and organized the traces of Buddhist medicine in both Korean and Chinese medicine today.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2018

Sauna, or hanjeung (汗蒸) is a physical sweating method that uses external heat to forcibly raise body temperature to treat cold damage disorders (傷寒) in traditional Korean medicine. This study focuses on the fact that the sauna was recorded as a healing and bathing method on the Vinaya Pitaka (律藏), and investigates the records of folk sauna therapy of Joseon Dynasty from the perspective of Buddhist medicine which played a significant role in ancient medicine history in Korea. Although the word 'hanjeung (汗蒸)' first appeared in "The Veritable Records of King Sejong (世宗實錄)" in the Korean literature, this study aims to confirm the possibility that the tradition of Buddhist sauna bathing has already existed since the Three Kingdoms period in Korea, based on the fact that sauna bathing was recorded in the Vinaya Pitaka and that the ancient Buddhist bathing culture was introduced in ancient Japan. In addition, the succession of the Buddhist sauna tradition by Goryeo will be traced back through the records of 1920s urban saunas in Gaesung (개성) which was the old capital of Goryeo and had a strong tendency to adhere to traditional Goryeo customs. Finally, the study tries to identify the elements of the Buddhist sauna bathing on the records of folk sauna therapy in the Joseon Dynasty. As a result, this study examines how the Buddhist sauna bathing culture in ancient Korea, which was led by medical monks, spread in the general public and influenced the folk sauna therapy in the Joseon Dynasty.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2019

The $S{\bar{u}}tra$ of Great Dhāraṇī of the Uṣṇīṣa-cittā is one of the most widely published scriptures of Esoteric Buddhism during the Goryeo and Joseon dynasty. The sutra is often referred to as a Buddhist medical scripture whose recitation is believed to allay diseases such as difficult birth, chest pain, and infectious and incurable diseases. It utilizes two major methods for healing: reciting and copying the sutra or copying the dharani and talisman which appear at the end of the text with fine cinnabar and ingesting them with aromatic water. In order to understand the medical and historical value of this sutra, this study examines the historical background of its establishment in early China and its migration to Korea in the Goryeo period. This study also investigates the identity and value of the scripture in Buddhist medical history. The oldest known printed texts of the sutra in Korea are dated to the late 11th century. Because of the material benefits of the text, the tradition of printing and distributing the sutra was very popular between the 13th and 19th centuries. Therefore, examples of the sutra having been used for medicinal purposes during rites are found in historical records. Finally, the study tries to identify the relationship between the treatment methods of the Sutra and those of Korean traditional medicine focusing on several Korean traditional medical texts such as the Hyangyak-Jibseongbang (Compilation of Native Korean Prescriptions), the Donguibogam, and the Euibang-Hapbu.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2005

Objectives : This study is an investigation the clinical development of oriental neuropsychiatry through the practical application of respiration techniques in oriental medicine and Buddhism. Methods : Oriental medicine and Buddhism both make much use of respiration techniques. According to a comparative study on these; A group for the clinical application of oriental medical respiration methods, and A study both the differences and common features of oriental medical and Buddhist respiration techniques, to deliver therapeutic and preventive medical assistance to patients. Results and Conclusion : 1. Oriental medical respiration techniques have as their object the prevention and treatment of disease through smooth circulation of Gi(氣) and Hyeol(血) according to the concentration of the mind on acupuncture points. 2. Buddhist respiration techniques make use of planned psychological rest and ascetic practical expedience according to the close observation of the five senses(五感) of the real world through exhalation(呼) and inhalation(吸) based on Buddhist philosophy. 3. Although the pursuit of oriental medicine and Buddhism can be different, I think a need to develop new respiration techniques can lead to psychological balance and medical treatment through compounding both sets of knowledge.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2004

Objectives : To evaluate the cost and proportion of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) in the total healthcare costs among the elderly in the last 6 months of life. Methods : The care-giving families of 301 persons older than 65 years, who died between July 1st and December 31st of 2001, and were also registered in Self-Employed Health Insurance Programs in Seoul, were interviewed. Results : The cost of CAM was 1.09 million Won, which as a proportion of the total healthcare cost was 38.1%. The elderly aged between 65 and 69 year-old, male, living with their spouse, Buddhist and having cancers had higher CAM costs in an ANOVA and simple regression analysis. After controlling of various factors, age was the only significant factor associated with the cost of CAM. The elderly above 80 years old, female, bereaved and Buddhist had higher proportional CAM costs, and the elderly having cancers or cardiovascular diseases had lower proportional CAM costs in an ANOVA and simple regression analysis. After adjusting for various factors, the elderly above 85 years old, female and Buddhist had higher proportional CAM costs, and the elderly having cancers had lower proportional CAM costs. Conclusion : The very old and Buddhist, and/or the ill with no clear diagnosis, may depend more on CAM. Further research will be needed on the meaning and impact of CAM and their costs to public health and the total healthcare system.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.195-207
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• 1982

장기적(長期的)인 채식섭취(菜食攝取)가 혈청(血淸)의 lipoprotein, cholesterol 및 단백량(蛋白量)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 알아보기 위하여 결은 여승(女僧) 45명(名)($20{\sim}35$세)과 대조군(對照群)으로 여대생(女大生) 29명(名)($20{\sim}22$세)을 연구대상(硏究對象)으로 하였다. 하루 열량섭취(熱量攝取)는 여승(女憎)들이 1,945 kcal 였고 여대생(女大生)은 1,815 kcal 였다. 열량구성비율(熱量構成比率)은 여승(女僧)들이 탄수화물(炭水化物) : 단백질(蛋白質) : 지방(地方)=84 : 11 : 5였고 학생(學生)은 70 : 15 : 15였으며 이는 여승(女僧)들의 탄수화물(炭水化物) 편중(偏重) 및 지방섭취부족(脂肪攝取不足)을 보여준다. 신체계측결과(身體計測結果) 여승(女僧)들은 여대생(女大生)보다 신장(身長)을 제외(除朴)하고, 체중(體重), 지방층(脂肪層)두께, 체표면적(體表面積) 및 비만도계수(肥滿度係數)가 모두 높았다. 수축기(收縮期) 및 이완기혈압(弛緩期血壓)은 여승(女憎)과 여대생(女大生)이 거의 같았다. 혈청(血淸)의 총지방(總脂肪), cholesterol 및 단백량(蛋白量)은 여승(女憎)과 여대생간(女大生間)에 유의(有意)한 차이(差異)가 없었다. 그러나 전기영동(電氣泳動)으로 분획(分劃)하여 혈청(血淸)의 high density lipoprotein(HDL), very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) 및 low density lipoprotein(LDL)량(量)을 비교(比較)해 본 결과(結果), 여승(女憎)들의 HDL은 여대생(女大生)보다 낮았으나 LDL은 유의(有意)하게 높았다. Cholesterol분획결과(分劃結果)도 역시 여승(女憎)들의 HDL-cholesterol값은 여대생(女大生)보다 유의(有意) 하게 낮은 반면(反面) LDL-cholesterol은 유의(有意)하게 높았다. Lipoprotein과 cholesterol간(間)의 상관계수(相關係數)(r)를 계산(計算)한 결과(結果) LDL과 LDL-cholesterol(r=0.40), VLDL과 VLDL-cholesterol(r=0.85), HDL과 HDL-cholesterol(r=0.45), 혈청총지방량(血淸總脂防量)과 cholesterol(r=0.66) 및 혈청(血淸) 총(總) cholesterol과 LDL-cholesterol(r=0.79) 간(間)에는 유의(有意)한 상관관계(相關關係)를 보여주었다. 그러나 혈청(血淸) cholesterol과 음식섭취(飮食攝取) 및 신체계측결과간(身體計測結果間)에는 유의(有意)한 상관관계(相關關係)가 나타나지 않았다. 혈청단백량(血淸蛋白量)은 여승(女憎)과 여대생간(女大生間)에 차이(差異)가 없었다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)는 여승(女憎)들의 장기적(長期的)인 채식섭취(菜食攝取)로 인(因)해 인체(人體)의 lipoprotein 및 cholesterol 대사(代謝)에 영향(影響)이 있음을 시사(示唆)해 주고 있다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.27-64
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• 2021

Objectives : This paper examined the Buddhist contents within the text, Bencaoshengyabanji(本草乘雅半偈). Methods : Medicinals that were searched through Buddhist vocabulary were examined. Results & Conclusions : Medicinals that quoted the Lengyanjing were related to the Water-Fire interaction, food and medicine, and karma, while those that quoted the Shidian were related to 無上道, 去惡殺蟲, 樞機滑利, and 生生之氣. Those related to the Great Earth of the Four Elements corrected the body's form based on Metal Qi, while those related to the Great Water were connected to the circulation of water dampness. Those related to the Great Fire were deeply related to Yang Qi, and those related to the Great Wind were connected to Wind control. Of the Four Origins, medicinals that were viviparous lowered Qi, while those that were oviparous were related to communicating Shen, treating diseases of the Conception Vessel, and the closing and opening of day and night. Medicinals originating from dampness were related to urination and fluid management, while those of metamorphosis were related to the process of Qi. Those related to emptiness were related to the communication of the Qi system, while those related to 六根六塵 were connected to calming the Shen and strengthening the will, and smoothing the nine orifices. Medicinals related to 圓通 were used for improving eyesight and hearing and controlling the closing and opening. Lu Zhi-yi's analysis of medicinals through the Lengyanjing is original in that it suggested a new perspective other than previous theories on pharmacology which were based on the Yin-Yang and Five Phases and Rising/Lowering/Floating/Sinking theories, but also pedantic and exaggerated. The Bencaoshengyabanji is a unique text on medicinals which analyzed each medicinal under Buddhist influence. However, it also followed the contexts of other previous texts on medicinals, and influenced Zou shu.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.562-574
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• 2018

The tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) protein is a retinoidinducible growth regulator and is considered a tumor suppressor. Here, we show that DnaJ heat shock protein family member C8 (DNAJC8) is a TIG1 target that regulates glycolysis. Ectopic DNAJC8 expression induced the translocation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) into the nucleus, subsequently inducing glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression to promote glucose uptake. Silencing either DNAJC8 or PKM2 alleviated the upregulation of GLUT1 expression and glucose uptake induced by ectopic DNAJC8 expression. TIG1 interacted with DNAJC8 in the cytosol, and this interaction completely blocked DNAJC8-mediated PKM2 translocation and inhibited glucose uptake. Furthermore, increased glycose uptake was observed in cells in which TIG1 was silenced. In conclusion, TIG1 acts as a pivotal repressor of DNAJC8 to enhance glucose uptake by partially regulating PKM2 translocation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2009

Nowadays we can take a physical examination during pregnancy by various and advanced technology instruments. But there were no instruments in old times, so the ancient doctors examined symptoms and pulse of a pregnant woman. Therefore it is very important to comprehend the pulse in Oriental medicine. Fetus and mother are connected with the umbilical cord, and they interact with each other. Especially, symptoms and pulse of mother change during the formation of fetus. On account of being easy to study the changes of pulse from pregnant woman, it is important to know the formation of fetus. In Western medicine, the Buddhist scriptures and Oriental medicine mentioned about the formation of fetus. Because of different viewpoints, the choice of words and formative methods are differ from field to field. Western medicine calls the formation of fetus 'development', the Buddhist scriptures call it 'Ru-tai', and oriental medicine calls it 'Yang-tai'. In spite of the different viewpoints, they have supplementary explanations to study fetus. As a result, we can understand the reasons why pregnancy pulse cannot help changing from month to month.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.877-887
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• 2016

Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) is a retinoic acid-inducible protein that is considered a putative tumor suppressor. The expression of TIG1 is decreased in malignant prostate carcinoma or poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma, but TIG1 is present in benign or well-differentiated tumors. Ectopic TIG1 expression led to suppression of growth in cancer cells. However, the function of TIG1 in cell differentiation is still unknown. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we found that transmembrane protein 192 (TMEM192) interacted with TIG1. We also found that both TIG1A and TIG1B isoforms interacted and co-localized with TMEM192 in HtTA cervical cancer cells. The expression of TIG1 induced the expression of autophagy-related proteins, including Beclin-1 and LC-3B. The silencing of TMEM192 reduced the TIG1-mediated upregulation of autophagic activity. Furthermore, silencing of either TIG1 or TMEM192 led to alleviation of the upregulation of autophagy induced by all-trans retinoic acid. Our results demonstrate that the expression of TIG1 leads to cell autophagy through TMEM192. Our study also suggests that TIG1 and TMEM192 play an important role in the all-trans retinoic acid-mediated upregulation of autophagic activity.