• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2006

Aucuba japonica has variable pharmacological effects such as hepatoprotective, choleretic, hemodynamic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study was performed to investigate the effects of Aucuba japonica extract on oral wound healing. Aucubin was extracted from Aucuba japonica, and injected on either side of buccal mucosa of male mice. Artificial full thickness wounds were made on the site with 1.5 mm biopsy punch under sterile technique. The specimens had taken on day 1, 3, and 5 with 4 mm biopsy punch. Light microscopic examination and quantitative histologic analysis were performed for reepithelization, inflammatory cell infiltration. Reepithelization of the aucubin (0.1%) group was earlier than the control group. And the number of inflammatory cells of the aucubin group was lesser than the control group. In view of the results so far achieved, the aucubin extracted from Aucuba japonica may be useful for oral wound healing and it can be applied as a topical agent on the oral wound. Further research should be performed on the mechanism of aucubin on oral wound healing and proper formulation for effective topical agents.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2006

저자들은 스테로이드 반응성 재발성 신증후군의 과거력이 있는 환아에서 관해기에 발병한 Kimura 병을 종괴의 전절제 후 스테로이드 및 cyclosporin 투여로 치료한 증례를 경험하고 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.73-91
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• 2001

The present study was performed to compare effects of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft(DFDBA) with deproteinized bovine bone mineral(DBBM) on periodontal fenestration defect in rats. Twelve adult male rats weighing 500 to 540 grams were used in this study. Periodontal fenestration defects were surgically created with tapered fissure bur(${\Phi}1mm$) at the left side of buccal surface of the mandible. The defect size was from anterior border of the first molar to anterior of the ascending ramus mesiodistally and from just below the alveolar crest to apically 1.5-2mm area apicocoronally with 2mm in depth. Rats were divided into control group, test group I and II. Four defects were assigned to the test group I grafted with DBBM and other 4 defects were assigned to the test group II grafted with DFDBA. The rest of defects were the negative control group. At 10 days and 35 days after surgery, 12 rats were sacrificed through intracardiac perfusion and specimens were obtained prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In the control group, new bone, osteoid, dense connective tissue were observed in the defects at 10 days. new bone formation was not found but loose connective tissue was formed in the defect and fibrous encapsulation of graft materials was shown in two test groups at 10 days. 2. In all groups, new bone formation was shown in the defect at 35 days. And in the control group, bone formation increased at 35 days than at 10 days. 3. In the test group I and II at 35 days, graft materials were combined with new bone and joined host bone. There was very close contact between new bone, graft materials, and host bone with no gaps. 4. In the test group I and II, new bone formation was similar to that in the control group but not exeeded. In conclusion, in the test group I new bone formation was similar to that in the test group II at 35 days, but there was infiltration of inflammatory cells at 10 days. DFDBA and DBBM were considered as the biocompatible graft materials and effective in the regeneration of new bone.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.478-486
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• 1995

Periodontal therapy for treatment of periodontitis involves the elimination of bacterial plaque and elimination of the anatomic defects by regenerative procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate on the biological effect of magnolia and Ginkgo biloba extract to the antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and cellular activity. Antimicrobial assay was performed with the diffusion method of the extract by measuring of growth inhibitory zone of B. cereus from blood agar plate. Effect of the extract to cellular activity of gingival fibroblast were examined using MTT method and measured the result with optical density on 570nm by ELISA reader. Inhibitory effects of $PGE_2$ production from gingival fibroblast was performed with the addition of $IL-l{\beta}$ and the extract to the well and examined to the product of $PGE_2$ from cell by ELISA reader. In vivo anti-inflammatory effect was performed with injection examined with clinically and histologically for their extent of mecrosis and inflammation. Antimicrobial activity of Magnolia extract showed significantly higher activity than that of control. However, GBE did not showed significant activity to compare with control, and mixture of Magnolia and GBE extract showed significantly higher activity than that of control. The effect of cellular activity to gingival fibroblast showed no significant differences of between control and Magnolia extract. However, GBE showed significantly higher rate of cellular activity to compare with control and even to PDGF-BB, and also showed same degree of cellular activity even though mixed with Magnolia extract. The inhibitory effect of $PGE_2$ production showed significantly reduction of $PGE_2$ production to compare with control, but its inhibitory effect was not much strong to compare with Indomethacin. In vivo, antiinflammatory effect of Magnolia extract to P. gingivalis injection of Hamster buccal check showed significantly reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue necrosis, but GBE showed no effect on the inhibition of inflammatory process. These results suggested that Magnolia and GBE extract possessed different kind of biological activity and also can be compensated on their activity with each other for elimination of bacterial plaque and anatonical defect.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2024

Background: Dental fear and anxiety are significant challenges in managing behavior in children. Oral administration of sucrose or sweet-tasting solutions has shown effectiveness in reducing procedural pain in infants and neonates. This study aimed to investigate whether pre-application of sucrose solution had an effect on minimizing pain perception during injection and to assess the potential impact of the child's age and sweet preference. Methods: A randomized control clinical trial was conducted on 60 children aged 3-9 years requiring buccal infiltration injections. Following parental consent, demographic data of the children were recorded. Sweet preferences was assessed using a modified forced-choice test. Children were equally and randomly allocated into study (sucrose) and control groups using a lottery method. Sucrose solution or distilled water, respectively, was applied to the lateral surface of the tongue for 2 min. Topical anesthetic was applied at the site of injection, followed by local anesthesia administration. The children rinsed their mouths thrice with water immediately after anesthetic injection. A video was recorded during injection which was then scored by three blinded examiners on the Sound Eye Motor (SEM) scale. The children also self-evaluated using Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS). Results: The mean SEM scores and WBFPS scores were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis test. The mean SEM score in the study group was 1.37 ± 0.61, compared to 3.17 ± 0.87 in the control group, showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Mean pain scores assessed by WBFPS in the study group were 0.60 ± 1.4, while in the control group, they were 6.27 ± 2.33, also showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Children with a sweet preference demonstrated a subjective reduction in pain perception. Conclusion: Application of sucrose before dental injections in children helps to minimize pain upon injection across all age groups.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.66-78
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• 2004

초기의 접착 시스템은 여러 단계의 술식을 필요로 하였으며 술자의 기술과 재료의 성질에 크게 좌우되었으나 최근 산부식, priming, adhesive를 한번에 적용할 수 있는 all-in-one adhesive system이 등장하였다. 치과에서의 vibration의 이용은 치석의 제거 및 접착제의 점도를 낮추는데 이용되어왔으며 vibration은 접착제의 흐름성을 향상시켜 film thickness를 낮추어 수복물 주위의 미세누출을 줄이는데 도움을 준다. 이에 저자들은 all-in-one adhesive system에서 vibration이 법랑질과 상아질의 접착강도와 레진침투에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 법랑질 시편은 발거 후 실온에서 0.1% thymol 용액에서 보관된 30개의 건전한 사람의 대구치를 무작위로 10개씩 세군으로 나누고 근원심 방향으로 두 부분으로 분리하여 각각은 같은 접착제를 사용하고 초음파진동여부를 다르게 하였고, 아크릴레진을 이용하여 직경 1-inch의 PVC관에 매몰한 후 협설면이 아크릴봉과 동일한 높이가 되도록 220-, 600-grit 연마지로 순차적으로 연마하였고 군당 10개씩 여섯 군으로 분류하였다. 1군과 2군은 Prompt L-Pop(3M-ESPE, Seefeld, Germany), 3군과 4군은 One-Up Bond F(Tokuyama Corp., Tokyo, Japan), 5군과 6군은 AQ bond(Sun Medical Co., Kyoto, Japan)를 제조사의 지시에 따라 도포하였다. 2군, 4군, 6군은 초음파 치석제거기를 이용하여 치면에 대고 15초간 진동을 가한 후 광중합하였다. 상아질 시편은 치관부 법랑질을 제거한 후 상아질면을 아크릴 봉과 동일한 높이가 되도록 하고 법랑질 시편과 동일하게 처리하였다. 이후 직경 2mm, 높이 3mm의 Teflon mold(Ultradent, U.S.A.)를 이용하여 복합레진을 충전한 후 40초씩 두 번에 나누어 광중합한 후 24시간동안 실온에서 증류수에 보관하였다. 열순환 시행한 후, 만능측정기(Instron 4465)로 전단결합강도를 측정하였으며 Resin tag의 양상을 비교하기 위해 각 군의 시편의 치질을 완전히 용해시킨 후 표면을 주사전자현미경사진으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1 법랑질에서 초음파 진동을 가한 군(2, 4, 6군)은 가하지 않은 군(1, 3, 5군)에 비해 평균 전단결합강도가 높게 나타났다. 그 차이는 Ad bond 군을 제외하고 통계적으로 유의하였다(p<0.05). 2. 상아질에서 초음파 진동을 가한 군(2, 4, 6군)은 가하지 않은 군(1, 3, 5군)에 비해 평균 전단결합강도가 높게 나타났다. 그러나 그 차이는 One-Up Bond F군을 제외하고는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 전자 현미경 관찰에서 초음파 진동을 가한 군에서 더 많은 법랑질의 소실과 상아질에서 resin tag의 길이가 길었고 lateral branch의 수도 많이 관찰되었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2010

복합레진 수복시, 일반적으로 연마, 산부식, 수세 및 건조 단계를 거쳐 저점도 레진을 적용하는 재접착 술식을 통해 예상되는 수축간극을 봉쇄한다. 그러나, 이 과정은 재접착제 적용 이전에 물이나 잔사가 간극을 매워버릴 수 있어 그 효과가 의심된다. 본 실험에서는 연마 단계 이전, 즉 복합레진을 중합한 직후에 재접착제를 도포한다면 변연누출을 더 줄일 수 있을 것이라는 가설을 검증하고자 하였다. 실험을 위해 35개의 발거한 대구치에서 협면과 설면에 교합면 변연은 법랑질에, 치은측 변연은 상아질에 위치하는 5급 와동을 형성하였다. 와동은 Z250 (3M ESPE, USA)로 충전하였고, 접착제로는 $Adper^{TM}$ Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE)을 사용하였다. 재접착제로는 Biscover LV (Bisco, USA) 레진 전색제와 ScotchBond Multi-purpose system (3M ESPE)의 접착제, 및 점도가 낮은 실험용 접착제를 연마 전 또는 일련의 연마 및 산부식 후 수복물의 변연에 적용하였다. 2% 메틸렌 블루 용액에 네 시간 동안 침적한 뒤 교합측 및 치은측 변연에서의 색소 침투 깊이를 광학 입체 현미경으로 측정하였다. 재접착제의 점도와 변연미세누출의 상관관계도 평가하였다. 재접착 술식, 재접착제, 및 변연의 위치, 그 각각에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 관찰할 수 없었다. 그러나, 재접착 술식을 시행하지 않은 대조군의 경우에는 세 가지 재접착제를 사용한 재접착군에 비해 치은측 변연에서 미세누출이 통계적으로 유의하게 크게 나타났다(p < 0.05). 대조군과 재접착군의 미세누출의 차이는 교합측 변연에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 연마 및 산부식 후 치은변연에 재접착제를 적용한 경우에서 약한 음의 상관관계(r = -0.326, p = 0.041)를 보인 경우를 제외하고는, 재접착제의 점도와 미세누출은 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2004

본 연구는 골절단을 이용한 치아-치조골 분절의 급속 치아이동 후 치수, 치주인대 및 치조골의 변화를 유성견에서 평가하고자 하였다. 하악 제4소구치의 근심, 원심, 치근단 부위에서 피질골을 절단하여 치아-골 분절을 형성하고 하악 제3소구치를 발거하면서 협측, 설측 부위의 피질골을 삭제하였다. 1주 휴지기 부여에 따라 휴지기군과 비휴지기군으로 나누어 치아의존형 견인장치로 6일 동안 견인하고 강화기를 거친 후 0주, 1주, 2주, 4주, 6주, 8주에 희생시켜 치수 치주인대 및 치조골의 조직 변화를 임상적, 방사선적, 조직학적 및 면역화학적으로 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1 치아이동 양과 강화기 동안의 조직 치유 양상에서 휴지기 유무에 따른 차이는 없었다. 2. 견인측에서 골형성은 강화기 8주까지 계속되었는데 강화기 1-2주에 가장 활발하였으며 6-8주간의 변화는 적었다. 3. 비휴지기군의 강화기 1주에서 치조골 흡수 및 파골세포 출현, 염증세포 침윤이 가장 많았으며, 특징적으로 파상아세포가 압박측의 치주인대와 치수 내에 나타났다. 4. $TGF-\beta$는 치조골의 골기질 및 골모세포, 파골세포, 치수 내 파상아세포에서 강양성 발현을 보인 반면 치수, 백악모세포, 무세포성 백악질에서 경미한 양성 발현을 나타내는 부위 특이성이 있었다. 5. $TGF-\beta$는 견인측 치주인대의 치조골에 인접한 혈관 및 치주인대세포, 골모세포에서 강화기 초기 1-2주에 주로 발현되었으며 6주 이후에는 발현이 크게 감소하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.310-321
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• 1999

In this in vitro study, confocal laser scanning microscopic morphology of dentin-resin interface and its relationship to shear bond strength were investigated after the exposed dentin surfaces were treated with 3 different kinds of dentin adhesive systems[three-step; Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus(SMPP), self-priming bonding resin; Single Bond(SB), self-etching primer; Clearfil Liner Bond 2(LB2)]. 52 extracted human molar teeth without caries and/or restorations. The experimental teeth were randomly divided into three groups of seventeen teeth each. In five teeth of each group, class V cavities(depth: 1.5mm) with 900 cavosurface angles were prepared at the cementoenamel junction on buccal and lingual surfaces. Bonding resins of each dentin adhesive system were mixed with rhodamine B. Primer of SMPP was mixed with fluorescein. In group 1. the exposed dentin was conditioned with etchant, applied with above primer and bonding resin of SMPP. In group 2, with etchant and self-priming bonding agent of SB. In group 3, with self-etching primer and bonding agent of LB2. After treatment with dentin adhesive systems, composite resin were applied and photocured. The experimental teeth were cut longitudinally through the center line of restoration and grounded so that about $90{\mu}m$-thick wafers of buccolingually orientated dentin were obtained. And, $70{\sim}80{\mu}m$-thick wafers sectioned horizontally, thus presenting a dentinal tubules at 900 to the cut surface of a remaining tooth, were obtained. Primer of SMPP mixed with rhodamine B was applied to these wafers. Confocal laser scanning microscopic investigations of these wafers were done within of 24 hours after treatment. To measure shear bond strength, the remaining twelve teeth of each group were grounded horizontally below the dentinoenamel junction, so that no enamel remained. After applying dentin adhesive systems on the dentin surface, composite was applied in the shape of cylinder. The cylinder was 5mm in diameter, and 2mm in thickness. Shear bond strength was measured using Instron with a cross-head speed of 0.5mm/min. It was concluded as follows ; 1. Hybrid layer of SMPP(mean: $4.56{\mu}m$) was thicker than that of any other groups. This value was not statistically significant thicker than that of SB(mean: $3.41{\mu}m$, p>0.05), and significant thicker than that of LB2(mean: $1.56{\mu}m$, p<0.05). There was a statistical difference between SB and LB2(p<0.05). 2. Although there were variations in the length of resin tag even in a sample, and in a group, most samples in SMPP and SB showed resin tags extending above $20{\mu}m$. But samples in LB2 showed resin tags of $10{\mu}m$ at best. 3. Besides primer's infiltration into demineralized peritubular dentin and dentinal tubules, fluorophore of primer was detected in the lateral branches of dentinal tubules. 4. All groups demonstrated statistically significant differences from one another(p<0.05), with shear bond strengths given in descending order as follows: SMPP(18.3MPa), SB(16.0MPa) and LB2(12.4MPa). 5. LB2 having thinnest hybrid layer($1.56{\mu}m$) showed the lowest shear bond strength(12.4MPa).