• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2003

Cloud-point and bubble-point data to $170^{\circ}C$ and 50 bar are presented for four different solvents, normal pentane. n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane with poly(ethylene-co-42 wt% octene) ($PEO_{42}$) copolymer. The pressure-concentration isotherms measured for $PEO_{42}$ - normal pentane have maximums at around 5 wt% of the copolymer concentrations in the solution. $PEO_{42}$- normal pentane system exhibits LCST-type phase behavior at temperatures greater than $130^{\circ}C$. Below $120^{\circ}C$, bubble-point type transitions are observed. However, the binary mixtures for $PEO_{42}$ in n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane have only bubble-point type transitions at the pressure-temperature region investigated in this study. The single-phase region of PEO - alkane mixtures increases with the molecular size of alkane solvent due to the increasing dispersion interactions between PEO and the alkane.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2011

점성슬러리 기포탑에서 작은 기포의 체류량 특성에 대해 고찰하였다. 정압 강하방법(Static pressure drop method)에 의해 구한 기포탑 내부전체 기포체류량과 이중저항탐침법(dual resistivity probe method)에 의해 구한 큰 기포의 체류량으로부터 기포탑 내부에 체류하는 작은 기포의 체류량을 구할 수 있었다. 기체유속, 연속액상의 점도 그리고 슬러리 상중에 포함된 고체입자의 분율이 전체 기체체류량, 큰 기포의 체류량 그리고 작은 기포의 체류량에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 점성슬러리 기포탑에서 작은 기포의 체류량은 기체의 유속이 증가하면 증가하였으나 연속액상의 점도와 슬러리상에 포함된 고체입자의 분율이 증가하면 감소하였다. 기포탑 내부에 체류하는 전체 기포 체류량 중 작은 기포 체류량의 분율은 기체유속이 증가하면 증가하였으나 연속액상의 점도와 슬러리상에 포함된 고체입자의 분율이 증가하면 감소하였다. 기포탑 내부에 체류하는 작은 기포는 큰 기포의 상승속도에 영향을 미치지 못하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.826-831
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• 2019

Experimental data of phase equilibrium is reported for caprolactone acrylate in supercritical carbon dioxide. Bubble-point data was measured by synthetic method at temperatures ranging from (313.2 to 393.2) K and pressures up to 55.93 MPa. In this research, the solubility of carbon dioxide for the (carbon dioxide + caprolactone acrylate) system decreases as temperature increases at a constant pressure. The (carbon dioxide + caprolactone acrylate) system exhibits type-I phase behavior. The experimental result for the (carbon dioxide + caprolactone acrylate) system was correlated with Peng-Robinson equation of state using mixing rule. The critical property of caprolactone acrylate was predicted with the Joback and Lyderson method.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2003

Thermal bubbles find their diverse application areas in the MEMS (MicroElectroMechanial Systems) technology, including bubble jet printers, microactuators, micropumps, etc.. Especially, microactuators and micropumps, which use a microbubble growing by a controlled heat input, frequently involve mechanical and thermal interaction of the bubble with a solid structure, such as a cantilever beam and a membrane. Although the concept is experimentally verified that an internal pressure of the bubble can build up high enough to deflect a thin solid plate or a beam, the physics of the entire process have not yet been thoroughly explored. This work reports the experimental study of the growth of a thermal bubble while deflecting a thin cantilever beam. A physical model is presented to predict the elastic response of the cantilever beam based on the experimental measurements. The scaling law constructed through this work can provide a design guide for micro- and nano-systems that employ a thermal bubble for their actuation/pumping mechanism.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2004

The dissolved air flotation (DAF) process has been widely used for removing suspended solids with low density in water. It has been known as measuring the size of microbubbles precisely which move upward rapidly in contact zone is difficult. In this study particle counter monitoring (PCM) method is used to measure the rising microbubble after injection from a nozzle. Size and distribution curve of microbubbles are evaluated at different conditions such as pressure drop at intermediate valve, length of pipeline between saturation tank and nozzle and low pressure. And the efficiency is also checked when it collides with different size floc. The experimental results show the following fact. As the final pressure drop occurred closer to a nozzle, the bubble size became smaller. And small bubble collides with large floc as well as small one because of its physical characteristic. However large bubble collides well with large floc rather than small one since hydrodynamic flow in streamline interferes to collide between two. With performing computational process by mathematical model we have analyzed and verified the size effect between bubble and floc. Collision efficiency is the highest when P/B ratio shows in the range of 0.75 < P/B ratio ($R_{particle/Rbubble}$) < 2.0.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1987

유압관로에서의 캐비테이션 발생 기구를 조사할 목적으로, 과도흐름에 수반하여 발생하는 캐비테이션 초생에 관한 실험 및 압력이 급강하 할 때의 기포 성장에 대한 계산을 행하였다. 실험에서 얻은 결과를 기초로 한 계산에서, 작동유가 절대압 영이하의 부압에 노출되어도 캐비테이션이 발생하지 않을 정도의 장력을 갖기 위해서는 소위 말하는 기포(기포 주위의 액체가 연속체로 간주될 수 있을 정도의 크기를 갖는 기포)가 유중에 존재할 가능성은 거의 없음이 입증되었다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 자흡식 마이크로버블 발생장치를 운전함에 있어서 수심 변화에 의한 수압이 산소 용해율에 미치는 영향에 대하여 평가하였다. 연구결과, 흡입 공기량의 경우 수압이 증가할수록 노즐 토출부에 작용하는 힘의 증가로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 산소전달계수는 수심이 증가할수록 수압 증가에 의한 흡입 공기량 감소와 반응조 용적의 증가로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으나 수심이 증가할수록 자흡식 마이크로버블 발생장치에서 발생되는 마이크로버블의 체류시간이 증가하여 산소 용해율은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 자흡식 마이크로버블 발생장치 용량에 대비하여 수심이 과도하게 깊을 경우 낮은 흡입 공기량 및 산소전달계수로 인하여 산소 용해율은 감소할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 자흡식 마이크로버블 발생장치 운전 시 수압이 중요한 고려사항이 됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.554-565
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• 2021

Air bubble entrainment is a phenomenon that can significantly reduce the efficiency of liquid motion in piping systems. In the present study, the bubble formation mechanism in a globe valve with 90% water fraction flow is explained by visualization study and pressure oscillation analysis. The shadowgraph imaging technique is applied to illustrate the unsteady flow inside the transparent valve. This helps to study the effect of bubbles induced by the globe valve on pressure distribution and valve flow coefficient. International Society of Automation (ISA) recommends locations for measuring pressure drop of the valve to determine its flow coefficient. This paper presents the comparison of the pressures at different locations along with the upstream and the downstream of the valve with the values at recommended positions by the ISA standard. The results show that in partially filled pipe flow, the discrepancies in pressure between different measurement locations in the valve downstream are significant at valve openings less than 30%. The aerated flow induces the oscillation in pressure and flow rate, which leads to the fluctuation in the flow coefficient of the valve. The flow coefficients have a linear relationship with the Reynolds number. For the same increase of Reynolds number, the flow coefficients grow faster with larger valve openings and level off at the opening of 50%.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1835-1842
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• 2014

The goal of this study was to evaluate micro-bubble concentration ($C_{air}$) in water by air/water ratio (A/W ratio) with a micro-bubble generating pump. The estimation of micro-bubble concentration is based on the balance of inlet/outlet air and water flow rate. On net A/W ratio to be generated micro-bubble, we found that the obtained the $C_{air}$ are shown as a function of discharge pressure ($P_g$) of the micro-bubble generating pump. The correlation of the $C_{air}$ and the $P_g$ ($C_{air}=3.261P_g-1.754$) was adequately described by the least square methods with a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.9459) and calculated values fit the experimental data quite well. The $C_{air}$ was lower than theoretical dissolved air concentration ($C_{aq}$) calculated by Henry's law. The $C_{air}$ for being operated the micro-bubble generating pump was 6.75 - 39.53 mL/L, however, we found that the optimum of the $C_{air}$ to generate micro-bubble was the range from 10 to 12 mL/L.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.700-710
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• 2008

A Bubble size distribution model has been developed for the numerical simulation of cryogenic high-speed cavitating flow of the turbo-pumps in the liquid fuel rocket engine. The new model is based on the previous one proposed by the authors, in which the bubble number density was solved as a function of bubble size at each grid point of the calculation domain by means of Eulerian framework with respect to the bubble size coordinate. In the previous model, the growth/decay of bubbles due to pressure difference between bubble and liquid was solved exactly based on Rayleigh-Plesset equation. However, the unsteady heat transfer between liquid and bubble, which controls the evaporation/condensation rate, was approximated by a theoretical solution of unsteady heat conduction under a constant temperature difference. In the present study, the unsteady temperature field in the liquid around a bubble is also solved exactly in order to establish an accurate and efficient numerical simulation code for cavitating flows. The growth/decay of a single bubble and growth of bubbles with nucleation were successfully simulated by the proposed model.