• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1196-1200
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• 2004

Micropump is very useful component in micro/nano fluidics and bioMEMS applications. In this study, a bubble-powered micropump was fabricated and tested. The micropump consists of two-parallel micro line heaters, a pair of nozzle-diffuser flow controller and a 1 mm in diameter, 400 ${\mu}m$ in depth pumping chamber. The two-parallel micro line heaters with 20 ${\mu}m-width$ and 200 ${\mu}m-length$ were fabricated to be embedded in the silicon dioxide layer of a wafer which serves as a base plate for the micropump. The pumping chamber, the pair of nozzle-diffuser unit and microchannels including the liquid inlet and outlet port were fabricated by etching through another silicon wafer. A glass wafer (thickness of $525{\pm}15$ ${\mu}m$) having two holes of inlet and outlet ports of liquid serve as upper plate of the pump. Finally the silicon wafer of the base plate, the silicon wafer of pumping chamber and the glass wafer were aligned and bonded (Si-Si bonding and anodic bonding). A sequential photograph of bubble nucleation, growth and collapse was visualized by CCD camera. Clearly liquid flow through the nozzle during the period of bubble growth and slight back flow of liquid at the end of collapsing period can be seen. The mass flow rate was found to be dependent on the duty ratio and the operation frequency. As duty ratio increases, flow rate decreases gradually when the duty ratio exceeds 60%. Also as the operation frequency increases, the flow rate of the micropump decreases slightly.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2000

내만은 잦은 선박통행, 인공구조물에 의한 쇄파 그리고 생물학적 활동으로 외해에 비해 공기방울의 생성이 활발하다. 따라서 공기방울의 생성과정과 분포형태가 주로 쇄파에 의존하는 외해의 특성과는 매우 다른 내만에서의 해수면 후방산란신호를 분석하였다. 해수면 후방산란신호의 입사각에 따른 변화, 해수면 부근에서의 잔향특성 그리고 산란신호의 주파수 확장폭 등을 외해의 산란신호 특성과 비교하였다. 내만에서의 표층 산란신호는 시간영역에서는 매우 불규칙한 진폭의 변화를 보이고 주파수 확장폭이 외해의 거친 해수면보다 더 크게 나타나고 있다. 소위 해수면 잔향신호의 진폭 분포는 기존에 알려진 Rayleigh 분포를 따르지 않고 있어 공기방울의 크기 및 수직분포가 외해와 비교, 매우 상이한 특성을 갖고 있음을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2007년도 춘계학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.1-4
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• 2007

This study investigated the applicability of insulation curing method with double layer bubble sheets to the man concrete subjected to cold weather. Temperature history of the mass concrete indicated that the highest temperature of center section was exhibited at $34^{\circ}C$ while the that of surface section was $25^{\circ}C$. Difference between center and surface was shown to be less $10^{\circ}C$ when the temperature of center section was peak section, and thereby associated temperature cracking index was calculated 1.5, and occurrence probability of temperature cracking was 5%, so there was no temperature cracking caused by internal restraint. No temperature crack was observed by naked eye. It was clear that early frost demage and temperature cracking could be restrained due to reducing temperature difference between inner part and outside in the case double bubble sheets applied to insulation curing method in cold weather. The maturity of mass concrete is higher than outside about $72\sim89^{\circ}$ DD, so it was demonstrated to prevent early frost demage and ensure strength excellently. Insulation curing method with double bubble sheets was more economic than heating curing method.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

발전소는 선진 산업사회에서의 중요한 사회기반시설이다. 이러한 발전소가 해초, 물고기, 해파리, 새우 등과 같은 해양생물의 유입으로 정지 될 경우, 사회-경제적으로 심각한 문제가 발생하기도 한다. 따라서, 발전소 취수구 유입구 부분의 해양생물 침투로 인한 발전소 가동이 정지되는 것을 방지하기 위하여, 에어버블 차단막 기술이 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 에어버블 차단막 기술의 기초연구인 에어버블의 거동을 분석하기 위하여 수직형 에어버블 실험장치를 개발 및 에어버블수직 거동 특성을 분석하였다. 에어버블 수직 거동 특성을 분석하기 위하여 수직형 에어버블 실험 장치를 이용하여 에어 분사량에 따른 수심별 에어버블의 상승 속도를 측정하였으며, 실험결과를 바탕으로 수심구간별 에어버블 상승속도 경험식을을 제시하였다. 제시된 경험식은 향후 에어버블 차단막 설계의 기초자료로 활용될 것이며, 발전시설 운영 부분에서의 안정성을 확보하는 데 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 음향 역산법을 이용한 기포의 크기 분포 추정 기법을 제시하였다. 제 1종 Fredholm 적분방정식으로 표현된 감쇠계수의 추정오차를 목적함수로 정의하였고, 최적해를 구하기 위해 Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)기법을 적용하였다. 두 가지의 기포 분포에 대한 수치 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안된 역산 기법의 유용성을 검증하였다. 세 종류의 기포발생기를 이용하여 사각 수조(1.0 m × 0.54 m × 0.6 m)에서 기포 실험을 수행하였다. 고속카메라 촬영을 통해 기포의 분포 이미지를 획득하였고, 음원과 수중청음기를 이용하여 기포층의 주파수별 삽입손실(insertion loss)을 계측하였다. 촬영된 이미지는 후처리를 통해 기포 발생기별 기포 분포 특성을 파악하는데 활용하였고, 계측된 삽입손실에 역산 기법을 적용하여 기포의 크기 분포를 추정하였다. 음향 역산결과로부터 기포의 크기가 작아짐에 따라 기포 개수는 지수적으로 증가하며, 70 ㎛ ~ 120 ㎛의 국부 피크를 지난 후 다시 증가하는 경향성을 확인하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 한중 콘크리트의 단열보온양생 공법재료로 사용되고 있는 이중버블시트의 다양한 포설 시공조건 변화에 따른 단열보온성능을 검토하였는데, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 시공요인에 따른 콘크리트의 온도이력의 경우 4시간 이내의 버블시트 포설시기 변화 및 버블시트내 함수율 변화는 전체적으로 큰 차이없이 유사한 온도이력 및 적산온도를 나타냈으나, 구조체가 얇거나 여러 장의 버블시트를 포설할 경우 시트간 간격이 크게 발생하면 콘크리트 초기양생에 불리한 요건이 발생할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 콘크리트의 코어공시체 압축강도는 버블시트의 포설시기를 지연시키거나, 시트간 간격을 크게 유발시키거나, 버블시트내 함수율을 증가시키거나, 타설 콘크리트 구조체 두께가 얇게 되는 등 콘크리트 양생에 불리한 조건을 적용시킬수록 초기 압축강도는 저하하는 것으로 나타났으나, 재령이 경과할수록 그 차이는 작아지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2018

Among the techniques of reducing the drag to increase the speed of underwater moving bodies, we studied on the drag reduction method by gas injection. Researches on gas injection method have been paid much attention to reduce the drag of vessels or pipe inner walls. In this study, we used a sintered metal mesh that can uniformly distribute fine bubbles by gas injection method, and applied it to a cylindrical underwater moving body. Using the KRISO medium-sized cavitation tunnel, we measured both the bubble size on the surface of the sintered mesh and the bubble distribution in the boundary layer. Then, drag reduction tests were performed on the cylinder type underwater moving models with cylindrical or round type tail shape. Experiments were carried out based on the presence or absence of tail jet injection. In the experiments, we changed the gas injection amount using the sintered mesh gas injector, and changed flow rate accordingly. As a result of the test, we observed increased bubbles around the body and confirmed the drag reduction as air injection flow rate increased.

• 천문학회지
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• 제36권spc1호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2003

We report the results of the ionospheric measurement obtained from the instruments on board the Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite - 1 (KOMPSAT-l). We observed a deep electron density trough in the nighttime equatorial ionosphere during the great magnetic storm on 15 July 2000. We attribute the phenomena to the up-lifted F-layer caused by the enhanced eastward electric field, while the spacecraft passed underneath the layer. We also present the results of our statistical study on the equatorial plasma bubble formation. We confirm the previous results regarding its seasonal and longitudinal dependence. In addition, we obtain new statistical results of the bubble temperature variations. The whole data set of measurement for more than a year is compared with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). It is seen that the features of the electron density and temperature along the magnetic equator are more prominent in the KOMPSAT-l observations than in the IRI model.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1169-1181
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• 2005

Experimental and numerical studies on the unsteady wake field behind a square cylinder near a wall were conducted to find out how the vortex shedding mechanism is correlated with gap flow. The computations were performed by solving unsteady 2-D Incompressible Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a newly developed ${\epsilon}-SST$ turbulence model for more accurate prediction of large separated flows. Through spectral analysis and the smoke wire flow visualization, it was discovered that velocity profiles in a gap region have strong influences on the formation of vortex shedding behind a square cylinder near a wall. From these results, Strouhal number distributions could be found, where the transition region of the Strouhal number was at $G/D=0.5{\sim}0.7$ above the critical gap height. The primary and minor shedding frequencies measured in this region were affected by the interaction between the upper and the lower separated shear layer, and minor shedding frequency was due to the separation bubble on the wall. It was also observed that the position (y/G) and the magnitude of maximum average velocity $(u/u_{\infty})$ in the gap region affect the regular vortex shedding as the gap height increases.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.629-643
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• 2018

For a sailing ship, the frictional resistance exerted on the hull of ship is due to viscous effect of the fluid flow, which is proportional to the wetted area of the hull and moving speed of ship. This resistance can be reduced through air bubble lubrication to the hull. The traditional way of introducing air to the wetted hull consumes extra energy to retain stability of air layer or bubbles. It leads to lower reduction rate of the net frictional resistance. In the present paper, a novel air bubble lubrication technique proposed by Kumagai et al. (2014), the Winged Air Induction Pipe (WAIP) device with opening hole on the upper surface of the hydrofoil is numerically investigated. This device is able to naturally introduce air to be sandwiched between the wetted hull and water. Propulsion system efficiency can be therefore increased by employing the WAIP device to reduce frictional drag. In order to maximize the device performance and explore the underlying physics, parametric study is carried out numerically. Effects of submerged depth of the hydrofoil and properties of the opening holes on the upper surface of the hydrofoil are investigated. The results show that more holes are favourable to reduce frictional drag. 62.85% can be achieved by applying 4 number of holes.