• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.190-197
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• 2006

It is well known that the acoustic characteristics of the sea are significantly affected by bubbles which have their own inherent characteristics at the undersea. In this study, the shape and acoustic characteristics of air bubbles generated by an underwater nozzle are calculated numerically, and are measured with a high speed camera and a hydrophone at various air flow rates in the experimental apparatus. As a result of analysis, the shape calculated numerically well matched with measured values at low flow rates, but in case of relatively higher flow rates. the use of correction coefficient is needed for more accurate estimation of the bubble shape. And also the rising velocity of a single bubble is constant regardless of both the bubble size and the flow rate. and the acoustic signal generated when the bubble is produced by an underwater nozzle has the same characteristic of natural frequency of the bubble pulsation, and is agreed with Minnaert's equation if the correction coefficient is considered in accordance with the flow rate.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.727-732
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• 2003

In the present study, a PIV measurement and image processing technique were applied in order to investigate the flow characteristics in the gas injected liquid bath. The circulation of liquid was induced by upward bubble flow. Due to the centrifugal force, the flow was well developed near both wall sides than in the center of a bath. The vortex flow irregularly repeated generation and disappearance which helped to accelerate the mixing process. The bubble rise velocity in the bottom region was relatively lower than in the upper region because the energy generated by bubbles' behavior in the region near the nozzle was almost converted into kinetic energy But bubble rise velocity increases with the increase of the axial distance since kinetic energy of rising bubbles is added to buoyancy force. In conclusion, the flow increased bubble rise velocity and the flow of the bottom region became more active.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.246-254
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• 2013

Some characteristics of nitrogen-water slug flow were optically measured, in vertical acrylic tubes of 2, 5 and 8 mm diameter. Bubble velocity, bubble and unit cell lengths were measured, by analyzing the light intensity signals from two sets of dot laser-infrared sensor modules mounted along the transparent tubes. Optical images of the bubbles were also taken and analyzed, to measure bubble shapes and liquid film thickness. It was found that the measured bubble velocities were in good agreement with the empirical models in the literature, except for those measured under high superficial velocity condition in the 2 mm tube. Bubble length was found to be the longest in the 2 mm tube, being 4 to 5 times those of the other tubes. Liquid film was found to have developed early in the 2 mm tube, which made the blunt shape of the bubble head. Liquid film thickness in the 8 mm tube was measured at almost twice those of the other tubes.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2019

Flow visualizations have been carried out to analyze the characteristics of bubby flows exhausted from a venturi-type bubble generator with an air vent. For various design parameters and operating conditions of the bubble generator, the images of bubbly flows was recorded using a high-speed camera and a microscope. Then the amount and size distribution of bubble was evaluated by an image processing technique. The results show that for increasing the amount of bubble, it is more effective to reduce the venturi throat than to enlarge the air vent diameter. If the water flow rate increases, the bubble generation rate increases but reaches a status of saturation, whose condition depends on Reynolds number at a given air vent diameter. The bubble size increases as the diameter of venturi throat decreases and Reynolds number increases. However, the air vent diameter is not a significant factor on bubble size.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2002

As the first step to investigate the fundamental mechanism of a dispersed two-phase flow, we studied the detailed interactions between bubble or particle motion and flow around it. Experiments were carried out with a rising bubble or particle in stagnant water in a vertical pipe. Particles with different densities, and/or different shapes were used for comparison with a bubble. We adopted 3D-PTV (Three-Dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry) for measuring the bubble or particle motions, and PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) for measuring the water flow simultaneously (Hybrid PIV). The experimental results showed that the oblate spheroidal solid particle rose along the longer axis direction at the point that the inclination of the longer axis reached the maximum, and the inclination direction changed after moving. The bubble moved to the direction that the spheroid's projected width grew up to the largest, and the minor axis of the oblate spheroidal body of the bubble was parallel to the moving direction. The trajectory of the center of the particle/bubble which was measured with 3D-PTV, was marked on the section (x-y) of the pipe. It exhibited the pattern of the particle/bubble motion.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가시화정보학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.85-88
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• 2002

In order to visually analyze the flow characteristics, gas was injected into the liquid bath through nozzle installed at the center of bottom of the bath. When gas was injected into the liquid bath, several flow patterns were observed bubble-liquid plumb, the spout flow that occurred at the free surface, liquid circulation flow by bubble's behavior, etc. Various bubbles, from small bubbles to Taylor bubbles, consisted of the bubble-liquid plumb. In the pure liquid region, the large and small several vortices were formed and irregularly circulated. These irregular repetition and circulation play a important role of mixing in the bath. The vortices were developed in the upper and the side wall regions and the movement of flow in the low region was very small. It is known as 'dead zone'.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.605-612
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• 2016

버블젯 타입 마이크로 엑츄에이터의 설계변수에 따른 유동특성에 관한 수치해석적 연구를 수행하였다. 수치 모델은 저장소로 부터의 잉크 유동과 기포의 성장 및 소멸, 노즐을 통한 액적의 토출과 리필 과정을 포함한다. 기포의 거동은 전체 엑츄에이터의 성능에 중요한 영향을 미치는 요소이기 때문에, 본 연구에서는 open pool 해석을 통하여 기포의 성장과 소멸 및 소멸시의 캐비테이션 현상에 대해 살펴보았다. 또한 마이크로 엑츄에이터의 노즐 형상의 변화, 챔버와 리스트릭터의 기하학적 변화에 따른 액적의 토출과 잉크 리필과정에 대한 수치예측을 수행하였다. 설계변수의 변화에 따른 수치해석의 결과는 마이크로 엑츄에이터의 성능특성을 예측할 수 있으며 또한 마이크로 엑츄에이터의 최적설계에 유용하리라 판단된다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.221-240
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• 2008

The spanwise flow structure around a rigid smooth circular cylinder model in cross-flow has been investigated based on the experimental data obtained from a series of wind tunnel tests. Surface pressures were collected at five spanwise locations along the cylinder over a Reynolds number range of $1.14{\times}15^5$ to $5.85{\times}10^5$, which covered sub-critical, single-bubble and two-bubble regimes in the critical range. Separation angles were deduced from curve fitted to the surface pressure data. In addition, spanwise correlations and power spectra analyses were employed to study the spatial structure of flow. Results at different spanwise locations show that the transition into single-bubble and two-bubble regimes could occur at marginally different Reynolds numbers which expresses the presence of overlap regions in between the single-bubble regime and its former and later regimes. This indicates the existence of three-dimensional flow around the circular cylinder in cross-flow, which is also supported by the observed cell-like surface pressure patterns. Relatively strong spanwise correlation of the flow characteristics is observed before each transition within the critical regime, or formation of first and second separation-bubbles. It is also noted that these organized flow structures might lead to greater overall aerodynamic forces on a circular cylinder in cross-flow within the critical Reynolds number regime.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.557-566
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 $600{\times}600{\mu}m$ 사각 마이크로 채널에서의 기-액체 테일러(슬러그) 흐름의 특성을 실험을 통해 살펴보았다. 실험 유체로는 질소와 물을 사용하였으며, 액체 및 기체 겉보기 속도는 각각 0.01 ~ 3 m/s, 0.1 ~ 3 m/s 의 범위에서 테일러 흐름이 나타나는 구간에서만 데이터를 얻었다. 기포 길이, 액체 슬러그 길이, 기포 속도 그리고 기포 생성 주파수를 고속 카메라를 사용하여 이미지 분석을 통해 측정하였다. 제시된 측정값(기포 길이, 액체 슬러그 길이, 기포 속도)과 이전 문헌에서 제안된 경험적 모델의 비교결과 대부분 오차가 50% 이상으로 나타났다. 따라서 기포와 액체 슬러그 길이 그리고 기포 속도에 대한 개선된 모델을 제시하였고, ${\pm}20%$ 이내의 비교적 우수한 결과를 볼 수 있었다. 또한 기포 생성 주파수는 기포 길이, 액체슬러그 길이 그리고 기포 속도의 관계를 이용하여 ${\pm}20%$ 이내에서 예측가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

In this paper, the recirculation flow motion and mixing characteristics driven by air bubble stream in a rectangular water tank is studied. The time-resolved PIV technique is adopted for the quantitative visualization and analysis. 488 nm Ar-ion CW laser is used for illumination and orange fluorescent ($\lambda_{ex}=540nm,\;\lambda_{em}=560nm$) particle images are acquired by a PCO 10bit high-speed CCD camera (1280$\times$1024). To obtain clean particle images, 545 nm long pass optical filter and an image intensifier are employed and the flow rates of compressed air is 3 l/min at 0.5 MPa. The recirculation and mixing flow field is further investigated by time-resolved POD analysis technique. It is observed that the large scale recirculation resulting from the interaction between rising bubble stream and side wall is the most dominant flow structure and there are small scale vortex structures moving along with large scale recirculation flow. It is also verified that the sum of 20 modes of velocity field has about 67.4% of total turbulent energy.