• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1140-1147
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• 2001

Experimental schemes that enable characterization of phase-change phenomena in the microscale regime are essential for understanding the phase-change kinetics. Particularly, monitoring rapid vaporization on a submicron length scale is an important yet challenging task in a variety of laser-processing application, including steam laser cleaning and liquid-assisted material ablation. This paper introduces a novel technique based on Michelson interferometry for probing the liquid-vaporization process on a solid surface heated by a KrF excimer laser pulse(λ=248nm, FWHM=24ns) in water. The effective thickness of a microbubble layer has been measured with nanosecond time resolution. The maximum bubble size and growth rate are estimated to be of the order of 0.1㎛ and 1m/s, respectively. The results show that the acoustic enhancement in the laser induced vaporization process is caused by bubble expansion in the initial growth stage, not by bubble collapse. This work demonstrates that the interference method is effective for detecting bubble nucleation and microscale vaporization kinetics.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.702-715
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 개수로 후래시 증발기 내부를 단순화된 형태로 가정하여 앞서 언급된 운전조건 및 유입되는 기포의 갯수유량(혹은 기공률)에 따라 증발기 내부의 속 도 및 온도분포를 수치적으로 계산해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 유동을 정상상태의 난 류유동으로 가정하였으며, 구형의 기포에 대해 평균적인 운동 및 성장을 지배하는 방 정식을 세우고 상변화에 의한 증발량을 구하였다. 즉 입구에서 유입된 기포들이 성 장하면서 자유표면을 통해서 빠져나가는 운동 궤적을 추적함으로써 증발기 내부 유동 의 속도 및 온도분포를 구하고 이를 바탕으로 총 증발량 및 증발성능을 예측해 보고자 하는 것이다. 그리고 이렇게 계산된 결과들을 기존의 실험값과 비교하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.915-924
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• 2016

After a severe accident to the nuclear reactor, the in-vessel retention strategy is a key way to prevent the leakage of radioactive material. Nanofluid is a steady suspension used to improve heat-transfer characteristics of working fluids, formed by adding solid particles with diameters below 100nm to the base fluids, and its thermal physical properties and heat-transfer characteristics are much different from the conventional working fluids. Thus, nanofluids with appropriate nanoparticle type and volume concentration can enhance the heat-transfer process. In this study, the moving particle semi-implicit method-meshless advection using flow-directional local grid method is used to simulate the bubble growth, departure, and sliding on the downward-facing heating surface in pure water and nanofluid (1.0 vol.% $Al_2O_3/H_2O$) flow boiling processes; additionally, the bubble critical departure angle and sliding characteristics and their influence are also investigated. The results indicate that the bubble in nanofluid departs from the heating surface more easily and the critical departure inclined angle of nanofluid is greater than that of pure water. In addition, the influence of nanofluid on bubble sliding is not significant compared with pure water.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1998

A numerical study on combustion in a fluidized bed is based on three dimensional mixing and dispersion phenomena in the bed owing to the bubble growth in the vertical direction. As fluidizing velocities increase, bubble diameters increase, which activates the fuel dispersion in the bed. The combustion rates, however, reduce due to the decrease of gas exchange rates between bubble and emulsion phases. Fuel distributions in the bed are dependent on fluidizing velocities, equivalence ratios, fuel particle diameters, fuel feeding points, and the number of fuel feeders.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1988

The cavitation inception in oil hydraulic pipeline was investigated experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, negative pressures below-1 MPa(absolute pressure) were measured, associated with the transient flows in oil hydraulic pipeline. These experimental results show that the common hydraulic oil in the experimental pipeline withstands large tensions. In order to interpret the experimental results on cavitation inception, the growth of a spherical bubble in viscous compressible fluid due to a stepwise pressure drop was investigated by numerical analysis, and the critical bubble radius was obtained. The calculated value of the critical bubble radius corresponding to the negative pressure measured in the experiment is so small that the premised conditions about the bubble shape in the analysis is unsatisfactory. The physical significance of this calculated result implies the fact that there hardly exist free bubbles which can act as cavitation nuclei in the experimental pipeline.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.127-130
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• 1987

유압관로에서의 캐비테이션 발생 기구를 조사할 목적으로, 과도흐름에 수반하여 발생하는 캐비테이션 초생에 관한 실험 및 압력이 급강하 할 때의 기포 성장에 대한 계산을 행하였다. 실험에서 얻은 결과를 기초로 한 계산에서, 작동유가 절대압 영이하의 부압에 노출되어도 캐비테이션이 발생하지 않을 정도의 장력을 갖기 위해서는 소위 말하는 기포(기포 주위의 액체가 연속체로 간주될 수 있을 정도의 크기를 갖는 기포)가 유중에 존재할 가능성은 거의 없음이 입증되었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1196-1200
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• 2004

Micropump is very useful component in micro/nano fluidics and bioMEMS applications. In this study, a bubble-powered micropump was fabricated and tested. The micropump consists of two-parallel micro line heaters, a pair of nozzle-diffuser flow controller and a 1 mm in diameter, 400 ${\mu}m$ in depth pumping chamber. The two-parallel micro line heaters with 20 ${\mu}m-width$ and 200 ${\mu}m-length$ were fabricated to be embedded in the silicon dioxide layer of a wafer which serves as a base plate for the micropump. The pumping chamber, the pair of nozzle-diffuser unit and microchannels including the liquid inlet and outlet port were fabricated by etching through another silicon wafer. A glass wafer (thickness of $525{\pm}15$ ${\mu}m$) having two holes of inlet and outlet ports of liquid serve as upper plate of the pump. Finally the silicon wafer of the base plate, the silicon wafer of pumping chamber and the glass wafer were aligned and bonded (Si-Si bonding and anodic bonding). A sequential photograph of bubble nucleation, growth and collapse was visualized by CCD camera. Clearly liquid flow through the nozzle during the period of bubble growth and slight back flow of liquid at the end of collapsing period can be seen. The mass flow rate was found to be dependent on the duty ratio and the operation frequency. As duty ratio increases, flow rate decreases gradually when the duty ratio exceeds 60%. Also as the operation frequency increases, the flow rate of the micropump decreases slightly.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2023

석영유리 도가니(QC)의 사용 중 기포 품질을 검증하기 위하여 적절한 가속 시험 방법을 제안하였다. 실제 Czochralski(Cz) 공정에서 얻어진 폐기물 도가니의 기포 상태를 분석하고 QC 시험편을 이용하여 온도, 압력, 시간을 변화시켜 최적의 열처리 조건을 제시하였다. Cz 공정에서 생성되는 유사한 기포 크기와 밀도로 제어하기 위해서는 1450℃, 0.4 Torr 및 40시간의 열처리 조건이 적절하였다. 특히 Cz 공정에서 적용하는 압력인 10~20 Torr보다 상대적으로 낮은 압력인 0.4 Torr를 선택함으로써 기포 형성 가속시험의 시간을 단축시킬 수 있었다. 열처리 온도를 1550℃ 높일 경우, Ostwald ripening 현상으로 인하여 기포가 커지고 밀도가 급격히 낮아지며, 결정화 발생으로 적절한 가속시험 조건은 아닌 것으로 판단하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2022

In the present work, a phase-field model was developed to investigate the influence of recrystallization on bubble evolution during irradiation. Considering the interaction between bubbles and grain boundary (GB), a set of modified Cahn-Hilliard and Allen-Cahn equations, with field variables and order parameters evolving in space and time, was used in this model. Both the kinetics of recrystallization characterized in experiments and point defects generated during cascade were incorporated in the model. The bubble evolution in recrystallized polycrystalline of U-Mo alloy was also investigated. The simulation results showed that GB with a large area fraction generated by recrystallization accelerates the formation and growth of bubbles. With the formation of new grains, gas atoms are swept and collected by GBs. The simulation results of bubble size and distribution are consistent with the experimental results.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2004

The influence of various culture conditions on growth and ginkgolides (GKA and GKB), and bilobalide formation in callus and suspension cultures of Ginkgo biloba were investigated. Callus induced from the leaf petioles exhibited distinct morphological and physiological responses. The cell biomass and ginkgolides content varied among the cell lines; brownish callus lines produced high levels of ginkgolides and bilobalide in spite of poor cell growth. Among the culture media used, MS medium showed significant effect on cell growth and ginkgolides production. Low concentration of sucrose (3%) improved cell growth, while higher sucrose levels (5 and 7%) improved ginkgolides production. Cultivation of callus cultures above 28$^{\circ}C$ dramatically reduced their growth rate; however the cell lines grown at 36$^{\circ}C$ showed increased levels of bilobalide content. A 2.5-L balloon type bubble bioreactor (BTBB) was successfully developed for the cell growth and ginkgolides production.