• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.1640-1651
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• 2009

In this paper we introduce a new approach to stroke based rendering using brush stroke profile. Our proposed method, based on image retrieval method, is a simple but flexible and scalable method to create various painting styles, for which scalable database constructed with the collection of real stroke data is used. Input image is reproduced with combinations of brush stoke in the database, when a search process to determinate appropriate brush stroke and a judgment process to decide whether to draw the retrieved brush stroke on the canvas or not are presented. In addition, this paper suggests a new brush stroke model and a depiction technique in order to utilize effective height information which allows natural texture depiction, or good visual effect, without carrying out physical simulation. Our method is able to create diverse variations of painting by controling various user parameters. It also provides scalable framework that can produce various painting styles with different artistic media by changing the stroke combinations of stroke database.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.458.2-458.2
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• 2014

We have demonstrated that simple brush-painted Ti-doped $In_2O_3$(TIO) films can be used as a cost effective transparent anodes for organic solar cells (OSCs). We examined the RTA effects on the electrical, optical, and structural properties of the brush painted TIO electrodes. By the direct brushing of TIO nanoparticle ink and rapid thermal annealing (RTA), we can simply obtain TIO electrodes with a low sheet resistance of 28.25 Ohm/square and a high optical transmittance of 85.48% under atmospheric ambient conditions. Furthermore, improvements in the connectivity of the TIO nano-particles in the top region during the RTA process play an important role in reducing the resistivity of the brush-painted TIO anode. In particular, the brush painted TIO films showed a much higher mobility ($33.4cm^2/V-s$) than that of previously reported solution-process transparent oxide films ($1{\sim}5cm^2/V-s$) due to the effects of the Ti dopant with higher Lewis acid strength (3.06) and the reduced contact resistance of TIO nanoparticles. The OSCs fabricated on the brush-painted TIO films exhibited cell-performance with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.61 V, shot circuit current (Jsc) of $7.90mA/cm^2$, fill factor (FF) of 61%, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.94%. This indicates that brush-painted TIO film is a promising cost-effective transparent electrode for printing-based OSCs with its simple process and high performance.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.6 s.220
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• pp.23-34
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• 2006

Graffiti has been recognized as an art form since the influence of free, black culture and Neo-Expressionism in the 1980s, though Graffiti remains the subject of controversy both inside and outside the school Modem Art. Jean Michel Basquiat is the most famous Graffiti artist of the '80. He was regarded as the genius and star of American art, leaving a lot of experimental and creative works during his short, 9-year, creative period. In his works, Basquiat well expressed the isolated and dark shadows in the U.S., the pursuit of self identification, the purpose of expression and the epochally social phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of Jean Michel Basquiat's Graffiti to fashion painting. To achieve this purpose, we present a lot of fashion painting works which apply Jean Michel Basquiat's Graffiti by focusing on autographic experience, racialism, cartoon themes, monely value, and anatomical death in the characteristics of Basquiat's works. Through this process, we can express and apply Basquiat's Graffiti to fashion painting by analogizing the themes and modeling the methods of his works, such as childish and simple features, intentionally wrong spellings and sentences, and symbols of death including skeletons, intestines, bones and teeth. In addition, Basquiat's techniques are examined in this study, including the representational handling of a brush, primitive and strong colors, and maximized shape. This study found that fashion painting can juxtaposes art and fashion by expressing Jean Michel Basquiats' Graffiti.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.193-198
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• 2018

Applying VR technology to animation areas is emerging as a trend of recent years. So if you use this VR technology in traditional ink animation, 2D art piece is expected to be equipped with a new narrative style and visual and auditory language, making it a new animation genre. There's a lot of technical difficulties in putting the existing 2D ink image on a 360 degree display. VR ink animation has been created that gives depth to VR space by using layer extraction method based on depth of distance and placing layers extracted on curved surface that is aligned with depth in 360-degree space in the image of ink painting, which is the background of traditional ink animation. In the text, we took an overview on problems generated in extracting layers of distant view, close-range view and middle distant view from the existing image of ink painting and made suggestions of an effective way to approach them.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.37-46
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• 2003

About 18th century in the late Chosun dynasty, various kinds of 'Min-Wha' had played a significant role and had an important meaning in the lives of the people in that period. Therefore, both in material and in technique, so many diversified 'Min-Wha' were mass produced in that time. Starting from those backgrounds, 'Hyuk-Wha', is considered as one of unique style of expression. Though, 'Hyuk-Wha', in techniques, was originated from 'Bibaekseo' classified as one of the style of expression in Oriental drawing and writing art. 'Hyuk-Wha' shows and expresses visual differentiation from rough 'Bibaekseo', in substance, written by brush made from the skin of a willow tree or the stem of a sort of reeds. 'Hyuk-Wha', in mode, has very dose relation to the process of the development of 'Min-Wha'. Judging from this point of view, 'Hyuk-Wha' has deep relationship to Taosmic character painting of 'Gilsang: an auspicious sign' or Confucian character painting of 'Hyojae: filial piety. Accordingly, 'Hyuk-Wha' has been developed to that character painting designed by another type of creative differentiations. For these reasons, 'Hyuk-Wha' which significantly shapes and contains the meanings of Chinese Character also has been esteemed to have interrelation with Pictography in application of Word mark or Brand logotype in graphic areas. 'Hyuk-Wha' which was prevalent in use of home decorations for the people existed in the past has been ceased to exist nowadays in use of home decorations by appearance of all sort of decoration articles. All these days, 'Hyuk-Wha' which was diversified as a part 'Min-Wha' and developed together with oriental drawing and writing art and character painting is to be necessarily relighted. And 'Hyuk-Wha', which is also vigorously in practical application in Western Europe is desirable to be reconsidered.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 2003

This study aims to find methods that prevents aging of buildings paint coating and that limits defects in construction. Defects in painting can occur in four stages: pure paint, during painting, after the paint coating has dried, and after some period of time has passed after coating. Paint may become bad due to precipitation of pigments, formation of membranes, and seeding during manufacturing. Therefore, it is important that the paint is well mixed and kept airtight at a cool, dark place. Indents, paint brush strokes, orange peel, separation of colors, and paint running and spreading during the paint work process can be prevented by using high quality materials and applying a high-level of construction method. After the paint coating has dried, boiling, yellowing, poor drying, poor bonding, and/or glen deficiency may occur. These are influenced by the levels of cleanness of the dried product, drying temperature and hydration. Then, when the coating has been left dried for some period of time, cracking, peeling, scaling, swelling, discoloring, and/or rusting may develop due to the ultraviolet and contaminants in the air. Since these defects occur due to inappropriate construction schedule and/or hot and humid condition, one must use weatherproof materials. Furthermore, poor paint color may be caused by contamination in the sample plate, discoloration, and/or discrepancies in colors which are due to material differences, level of glossiness, degree of dispersion, dual color property of metallic colors, precipitation of pigments, etc. One should achieve reduction in construction cost and effectiveness in paint work by limiting contaminations in the construction site and strictly observing to construction regulations.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.170-189
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• 2019

Sochi Heo Ryun (小癡 許鍊, 1808-1893) was a literary artist of Chinese paintings of the Southern School during the late Joseon dynasty and the founder of paintings in the literary artist's style of Jindo County in South Jeolla Province. He was also a professional literary artist who acquired both learning and painting techniques under Choui (a Zen priest) and Kim Jeong-hee's teachings. Heo Ryun's landscape paintings were influenced by Kim Jung -hee. However, his ink orchid paintings, which he began producing in his later years, were not related to the 'Ink Orchid Paintings of Chusa (秋史蘭)'. His ink orchid paintings as a whole drew attention as he followed the old methods but still used rough brush strokes . Ordinary orchids were drawn based on Confucian content. However, his Jebal (題跋) and seal (印章) contain not only Confucian characters but also Taoist and Buddhist meanings. Therefore, it is possible to guess his direction of life and his private world of suffering. Ryun's ink orchid paintings reflected a variety of philosophies and aesthetic sensibilities. He went through a process of stylistic change over time and formed an 'Ink Orchid Painted Thought' in later life. The main characteristic of Sochi's ink orchid paintings is that he formed his own special methods for orchid paintings by mimicking the Manuals of Paintings. He drew orchids with his fingers in the beginning. Then, Jeongseop, Lee Ha-eung, Cho Hee-ryong, and others developed an organic relationship with the painting style of ink orchid paintings. Then in later years, orchid paintings reached the point of 'Picture Painted Thought (寫意畵)'. The above consideration shows that ink orchid paintings, which he produced until the end of his life, were the beginning of his mental vision and will to realize the image of a literal artist.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2012

Due to the development of construction technology, there is a considerable increase in the number of skyscrapers in the world. Accordingly, there are rapid growing requests about maintenance systems such as cleaning, painting, and monitoring the processes of facade in highrise buildings. However, it is extremely dangerous working the walls of high-rise buildings, and crashes from buildings have accounted for large proportion of constructional accidents. An alternative solution must be developed with the commercialization of automatic robot systems. For the last decade, interest in developing robots for cleaning and maintenance in facade of highrise buildings has continuously increased. The use of automatic robot systems can be expected to reduce accidents and decrease labor costs. In this paper, we propose a new kind of cleaning mechanism. We have designed and manufactured various cleaning tools for different types of facades with economic commercialization. The cleaning cycle, size, and intensity will be determined by economic constraints as well. The final goals are to design and manufacture tools and robots that can clean facades efficiently and rapidly even in dangerous places. The cleaning tool systems consist of nozzles, brush rollers, and squeezing devices. Furthermore, these tools and robots perform each process utilizing the systems of built-in guide types and gondola types for building maintenance. The performance of the proposed cleaning tools is evaluated experimentally; however additional study should be necessary for safer and more stable commercialization.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.24-34
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• 2017

Nail art is a kind of nail painting or decoration that adds to the beauty. Throughout making nail art, the worker was on a dusty operation with the smoothing of chemicals and nails. People working at nail shops not only use a variety of chemicals, but also experience a lot of fine powder during the process of nail trimmings. While drying the chemical adhesive, the workers often complain of eye, nose and throat discomfort. In addition, the acrylic brush is characterized by a lot of smell when washed with washing solution. Also nail art workers directly influence the worker's breathing through the work done by placing the guest's hands in a work space called a nail table. Chemical ingredients used in nail art procedures include acetone, ethyl acetic acid, toluene, butyl acetic acid, glue, and top coating of nail varnishes. Prolonged inhalation of these substances may cause dizziness, vomiting, as well as impaired respiratory system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the respiratory symptoms of nail shop workers who are likely to be affected by work in nail shop and to find out which factors have the greatest influence if they have respiratory symptoms. Therefore this study is to provide basic data on the health management system of people engaged in nail shop and to develop health education program. For this study, the data collection was collected on July 7, 2017 for the nail shop workers attending the nail art trend seminar held in Gwangju, in Korea. The data were all 236. However, except for the poor data, 208 data were used for the final analysis. The questionnaire consisted of 30 in general questions, questions about self-efficacy in 24 questions. elf-efficacy measuring tool developed by A.Y, Kim, I. Y, Park(2001). The self-efficacy questionnaire consists of 24 items and is self-reported 7-point Likert scale. The reliability of this tool was cronbach alpha = .934.The collected data were analyzed using spss 18.0. Information of Research participant performed frequency analysis. To examine the effects of personal characteristics on self-efficacy, $X^2$ analysis was conducted. And also $X^2$ analysis was conducted to analyze the coughing symptom appearance according to individual and environmental factors. A hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine which of the personal and environmental factors influenced cough symptoms.