• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제13권
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• pp.17-29
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• 1995

This study was conducted to provide a fundamental information for commercial, medical usage and mushroom gene prezervation. The results of study are as following: 1. There were mushrooms of 53 families, 141 genus, 318 species at Mt. Palgong. 2. There were main edible mushroom of 63 species, main medicinal mushroom of 16 species, white rot fungus of 36 species and brown rot fungus of 4 species and Poisonous mushroom of 13 species at Mt. Palgong. 3. Poisonous mushrooms that are growing naturally at Mt. Palgong were Lampteromyces japonicus Sing, Amanita pantherina Krombh, Amanita phalloides Link, Naematoloma Krast and Amanita volvata Martin. 4. Numbers of mushroom species that are growing naturally at Mt. Palgong more than other regions.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

A novel brown rot fungus Phaeolus schweinitzii IUM 5048 was firstly used for ethanol production. It was found that this fungus produced ethanol with various sugars, such as glucose, mannose, galactose and cellobiose at 0.28, 0.22, 0.06, and 0.22 g of ethanol per g of sugar consumed, respectively. This fungus showed relatively good ethanol production from xylose at 0.23 g of ethanol per g of sugar consumed. However, the ethanol conversion rate of arabinose was relatively low (at 0.08 g of ethanol per g sugar). P. schweinitzii was capable of producing ethanol directly from rice straw and corn stalks at 0.11 g and 0.13 g of ethanol per g of substrates, respectively, when the fungus was cultured in a basal medium supplemented with 20 g/L rice straw or corn stalks. These results suggest that P. schweinitzii can hydrolyze cellulose or hemicellulose to fermentable sugars and convert them to ethanol simultaneously under oxygen limited condition.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.198-201
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• 2011

Cobweb disease symptoms were observed in a mushroom farm in Buye, Korea during a disease survey in 2008-2011. Five isolates of Cladobotryum sp. were obtained from the infected caps and stipes. These isolates of Cladobotryum sp. were identified as C. mycophilum based on their morphological, cultural characteristics and analysis of the ITS sequences. Early symptoms were noticed as round, fleshy, yellowish brown lesions on mushroom caps. Late symptoms progressed when the parasitic fungus formed white cobweb circular colonies on dead or damaged pinheads, spread on the surface of the casing, and covered entirely fruiting bodies. Optimal temperature and pH for mycelial growth on MEA is $23^{\circ}C$ and 6.0. Microscopically the spores of the fungus are large and most 2~3 celled produced on vertically branched conidiophores. Mushroom caps turned dark brown and shrunk due to soft rot. Testing of sensitivity to selected fungicides showed that isolate was highly resistance to Mancozeb and Thiophanate-methyl, moderately sensitivity to Iprodione, and highly sensitivity to Benomyl, Prochloraz-Mn and Carbendazim.

• Mycobiology
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2021

Recently, Cryptococcus pseudolongus has been reported as a new pathogen of shiitake (Lentinula edodes). However, its pathological properties are not much known. To further understand its impact on the mushroom, we investigated the pathogen's interactions with the mycelium of shiitake, histopathological properties, host range, and sensitivity to diverse antifungal agents. The strain C. pseudolongus DUCC 4014 inhibited the mycelial growth of L. edodes strain (cultivar Sanjo 701ho) and caused browning in the mycelia confronted with the yeast on PDA. Spray inoculation of the yeast caused an abnormal browning symptom on the cap and/or gills of three shiitake cultivars grown on sawdust media in vinyl bags. Scanning electron microscopic images of the abnormally browned parts of shiitake fruit body illustrated that mushroom tissues were loosed and dispersed in the middle and edge of the cap and the arrangement of basidiospores borne on basidia in the gills was disturbed compared to those of normal shiitake fruit body. Spray inoculation also led to developing abnormal browning on the harvested fruit body, indicating C. pseudolongus could be a problem during mushroom storage. But the yeast was not able to induce abnormal browning on mushrooms of Pleurotus ferulae, Pleurotus fostreatus, and Agaricus bisporus. But it induced browning only on button mushroom (A. bisporus) when they were inoculated after wounding. Tests with 16 kinds of fungicides revealed that the cell growth of C. pseudolongus could be inhibited by benzalkonium chloride at MIC 7 ㎍/ml and benomyl at MIC 3 ㎍/ml.

• Forest Science and Technology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2017

We examined the activities of lignin-degrading enzymes of the mycelium of cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis latifolia). Three different strains of S. latifolia collected from several sites in Korea and one crossbred strain were cultured on potato dextrose broth (PDB) and Kirk's medium in order to study the activities of their ligninolytic enzymes. Mycelial growth reached maximum levels between 14 and 21 days after inoculation and pH increased by 0.12 units over 35 days. Laccase activity began increasing after 14 days on both types of media. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity followed a trend similar to that of laccase on Kirk's medium, but not on PDB. The activity of lignin peroxidase (LiP) differed from that of other enzymes; its activity decreased by half after 14 days on PDB but remained constant on Kirk's medium over 35 days. The total protein concentration increased considerably after 14 days and peaked at 21 days on PDB. A similar maximum was attained on Kirk's medium. In contrast, the residual glucose increased rapidly at 14 days on Kirk's medium, while increasing gradually up to 28 days on PDB. This study indicates that S. latifolia is more similar to white rot fungi than to other brown rot fungi.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2009

The process of biodegradation in lingo-cellulosic materials is critically relevant to biospheric carbon. The study of this natural process has largely involved laboratory investigations, focused primarily on the biodegradation and recycling of agricultural by-products, generally using basidiomycetes species. In order to collect super white rot fungi and evaluate its ability to degrade lingo-cellulosic material, 35 fungal strains, collected from forests, humus soil, livestock manure, and dead trees, were screened for enzyme activities and their potential to decolorize the commercially used Poly-R 478 dye. In the laccase enzymatic analysis chemical test, 33 white rot fungi and 2 brown rot fungi were identified. The degradation ability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) according to the utilized environmental conditions was higher in the mushrooms grown in dead trees and fallen leaves than in the mushrooms grown in humus soil and livestock manure. Using Poly-R 478 dye to assess the PAH-degradation activity of the identified strains, four strains, including Agrocybe pediades, were selected. The activities of laccase, MnP, and Lip of the four strains with PAH-degrading ability were highest in Pleurotus incarnates. 87 fungal strains, collected from forests, humus soil, livestock manure, and dead trees, were screened for enzyme activities and their potential to decolorize the commercially used Poly-R 478 dye on solid media. Using Poly-R 478 dye to assess the PAHdegrading activity of the identified strains, it was determined that MKACC 51632 and 52492 strains evidenced superior activity in static and shaken liquid cultures. Subsequent screening on plates containing the polymeric dye poly R-478, the decolorization of which is correlated with lignin degradation, resulted in the selection of a strain of Coriolus versicolor, MKACC52492, for further study, primarily due to its rapid growth rate and profound ability to decolorize poly R-478 on solid media. Considering our findings using Poly-R 478 dye to evaluate the PAH-degrading activity of the identified strains, Coriolus versicolor, MKACC 52492 was selected as a favorable strain. Coriolus versicolor, which was collected from Mt. Yeogi in Suwon, was studied for the production of the lignin-modifying enzymes laccase, manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP).

• 한국균학회지
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• 제26권1호통권84호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1998

1990년을 전후하여 불로초버섯 재배원목에 노랑 얼룩무늬를 형성하며 버섯균을 심하게 썩히는 토양 전염성 곰팡이에 의한 병이 발생되었다. 불로초버섯 재배기간이 10년 이상인 철원과 강화 지역의 발병율은 각각 61%와 94%로 매우 높았으며 재배 년수가 비교적 짧은 문경과 홍성에서는 아직 병발생이 없었다. 피해원목을 절개하여보면 감염 초기에는 원목내부에 연한노랑 얼룩무늬를 형성하면서 영지버섯균사와 대치된 부분에서 갈색의 띠를 형성하였는데, 병이 많이 진전된 경우에는 원목의 내부 전체가 약간 푸르스름한 색깔을 띄면서 병원균의 자낭각이 다량으로 형성되어 있었다. 심하게 이병된 원목에서는 불로초버섯의 자실체가 전혀 생산되지 못하였으며 자실체가 형성된 경우라도 매우 불량하고 거의 죽어있었다. 단포자로 분리에 의해 배양된 병원균은 배양기상에서나 재배원목에서 불로초버섯 균사체를 심하게 용해시키는 강한 병원성을 나타내었으며, 병원균이 분비한 항균물질에 의하여 불로초버섯 균사체는 전혀 생장하지 못하였다. 본 병원균은 Arthrographis cuboidea로 동정되었는데 이들은 일반 배양기에서 비교적 빠르게 자라며 노란 색소를 형성하고 무성세대인 분절포자를 형성하였으며 포자낭병은 분지되지 않고 연속적으로 포자를 형성하였다. 무성포자의 폭이 길이보다 넓은 특징을 가지고 있었다. A. cuboidea에 의한 불로초버섯 노랑썩음병에 대한 병원성 및 분류 동정한 결과를 보고하고자 합니다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권1호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2009

꽃송이버섯은 침엽수를 이용하여 재배할 수 있는 식 약용버섯으로 최근 새롭게 인식되고 있다. 그런데, 이 버섯은 낙엽송 심재부후병균으로 악명 높은 갈색부후균이므로 임지 재배를 시도하기 위해서는 신중한 검토가 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구는 이러한 배경 아래 꽃송이버섯의 침엽수림 내 발생환경을 조사하고, 낙엽송의 심재부후에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 침엽수림 내에서 꽃송이버섯 재배를 시도해도 문제가 없는지 검토하고자 수행되었다. 꽃송이버섯은 습도가 충분하고 비옥한 토양에서 자라는 낙엽송, 잣나무, 소나무, 전나무 등 다양한 침엽수림에서 발생하였다. 꽃송이버섯이 발생한 토양은 사양토에서 미사질양토의 범위로써 우리나라의 일반적인 산림토양에 비하여 고운 토성을 지니고 있었으며, pH는 4.6~5.2, 유기물 함량은 4~11%를 나타내 넓은 생육범위를 나타내었다. 꽃송이버섯 균이 침입한 목재는 육안으로 쉽게 파악이 되지 않는 부위에도 이미 균사가 퍼져 있음을 DNA 검정을 통하여 확인하였다. 피해부위는 건전부위에 비하여 함수율은 30% 정도 높은 반면, 압축강도는 30% 정도 낮았다. 꽃송이버섯 균은 뿌리만이 아니라 가지치기 등을 통해 생기는 가지부위의 상처를 통해서도 침입할 수 있으며, 이 경우 포자의 비산이 큰 역할을 하는 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 꽃송이버섯 균이 나무뿌리 및 줄기부위의 상처를 통하여 쉽게 침입할 수 있음을 감안할 때, 우량목 생산을 위해서는 숲가꾸기의 시기에 유의하여야 하며, 이 버섯의 임내 재배는 신중하게 시도되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 다만, 위생간벌 등 무육작업을 통해 통기성이 좋은 여건을 유지한다면 성숙림으로 육성하여 우량목재를 생산하는데 큰 문제가 없을 것으로 추론되었다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2013

버섯의 혼합배지에 사용되는 배지원료의 아미노산과 일반성분을 분석한 결과, 순단백질(아미노산) 함량은 대두박이 44.02%로 가장 높았고, 건비지가 31.5, 면실박이 30.6%로 나타났다. 주요 질소원 배지지료의 비단백태질소화합물(NPN)의 조단백질에 대한 비율은 대두박이 2.4%, 건비지는 5.6%였지만, 탄소원 배지재료인 미강과 밀기울은 17.6%로써 높았다. 조단백질/가격(원)은 채종박이 6.0으로 가격대비 조단백질량이 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 균사생장에 관여하는 가용성무질소물(NFE)는 알파콘이 72.9%, 소맥피B가 57.2%로 높았다. 산성세제불용섬유(ADF)는 콘콥이 51.88%로 높았는데, 잣버섯 등 갈색부후균이 이용하기 어려운 리그닌이 포함되어 있으므로 사용에 주의가 필요하다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.254-257
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• 2022

Wolfiporia cocos is a wood-decay brown rot fungus belonging to the family Polyporaceae. While the fungus grows, the sclerotium body of the strain, dubbed Bokryeong in Korean, is formed around the roots of conifer trees. The dried sclerotium has been widely used as a key component of many medicinal recipes in East Asia. Wolfiporia cocos strain KMCC03342 is the reference strain registered and maintained by the Korea Seed and Variety Service for commercial uses. Here, we present the first draft genome sequence of W. cocos KMCC03342 using a hybrid assembly technique combining both short- and long-read sequences. The genome has a total length of 55.5 Mb comprised of 343 contigs with N50 of 332 kb and 95.8% BUSCO completeness. The GC ratio was 52.2%. We predicted 14,296 protein-coding gene models based on ab initio gene prediction and evidence-based annotation procedure using RNAseq data. The annotated genome was predicted to have 19 terpene biosynthesis gene clusters, which was the same number as the previously sequenced W. cocos strain MD-104 genome but higher than Chinese W. cocos strains. The genome sequence and the predicted gene clusters allow us to study biosynthetic pathways for the active ingredients of W. cocos.