• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.24-33
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• 1990

현미와 백미의 조리특성, 색도와 호화특성의 변화를 비교조사하였다. 현미와 백미를 $4^{\circ}$ 와 $25^{\circ}C$에 각각 5개월과 3개월간 저장했을 때, 침지온도 $30^{\circ}$에서의 수분흡수속도 상수 값은 백미가 현미보다 약 2.5배 높았고, 저장시간에 따라 직선적으로 감소하였으며 그 정도는 현미 보다 백미가 컸다. 부피증가속도 상수 값도 수분흡수 속도 상수값과 같은 경향을 보였다. 백미의 취반속도는 현미보다 1.8배 빨랐으며, 취반속도상수 값은 저장중 직선적으로 감소하였다. 취반 완료점은 현미가 백미보다 2배 늦었고, 저장 완료후 취반시간은 현미는 8분, 백미는 7분 정도 늦어졌다. 현미립의 색도는 저장에 따라 L값(명도)이 증가하였으나, 백미립은 변화가 없었다. 아밀로그라피에 의한 현미와 백미가루의 초기 호화온도는 변화가 없었으나, 호화점도는 저장에 따라 증가하였으며 $4^{\circ}$의 경우에는 큰 변화가 없었다. 저장중 쌀가루의 시차 주사 열량 측정기에 의한 호화온도는 차이가 없었으나, 호화 엔탈피는 감소하는 경향이었고 현미와 백미의 차이는 크지 않았다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the cooking properties of Bodeurami and Ilmi to promote consumption of rice. Methods: The properties of Bodeurami and Ilmi such as proximate composition, Hunter's color value, water absorption rate, and cooking properties as well as Hunter's color value, texture properties, and sensory evaluation of cooked rice were analyzed. Results: Crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash contents of Bodeurami and Ilmi were higher in brown rice than in white rice. Regardless of rice cultivars, L-value was lower, whereas a and b-values were higher in brown rice than in white rice. The water absorption rate of rice grains was higher in white rice than in brown rice and increased rapidly to 75 min for white rice and 4 hr for brown rice. Cooking properties, water absorption, and expansibility of white rice were higher than those of brown rice, and there were significant differences between Bodeurami and Ilmi. Immediately after cooking and after storage at warm ($70^{\circ}C$) and room temperatures ($25^{\circ}C$), hardness of cooked rice increased after storage, but was not significantly different between Bodeurami white rice and Ilmi brown rice. The sensory evaluation shows that Bodeurami brown rice scored the highest for taste, texture and overall preference. Conclusion: Thus, the results of this study shows that Bodeurami brown rice is characterized by high cooking quality without any mixed white rice, and Bodeurami white rice could be used for the rice processing industry as well as cooked rice.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2013

This study investigated the functional nutrition of red yeast rice to added beurre mani$\acute{e}$ in the production of brown sauce. We added X to Y at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% and investigated the effects on the viscosity, water content, turbidity, pH, sugar level, reducing sugar, color, and sensory quality characteristics of the resultant brown sauce. The viscosity of Brown sauce was increased with increasing red yeast rice beurre mani$\acute{e}$ while water content and turbidity were decreased. pH was between 4.57~4.91. Sugar level and reducing sugar were increased with increasing red yeast rice powder content. L and a were increased with increasing red yeast rice powder content, and b was decreased. In sensory testing, visual appearance and flavor were highest for brown sauce preparations containing 15% and 20% X. Aftertaste and taste scored the highest for additions of 10% and 15%. For general preference, a 15% addition of X resulted in the highest score. Based on the results, it seems that red yeast rice powder, 15% red yeast rice powder added brown sauce has the highest the general preference.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.540-544
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• 2001

거대배아미 4품종과 각각의 일반미 4품종 등 8품종의 현미를 이용하여 간편식인 flake 제조에 대한 품질특성을 비교하였다. 쌀눈의 영양성분을 그대로 섭취할 수 있는 곡립상 현미 flake을 제조하기 위하여 우선 수침온도와 시간별 용출된 환원당함량, 수분흡수율, 쌀알의 경도를 측정하여 $60^{\circ}C$에서 5시간 수침한 후 곡립상 현미 flake을 만들었다. 일반품종으로 제조한 flake들에 비해서 거대배아미 품종으로 제조한 flake가 팽화도가 높고, 경도는 낮으며, 아삭아삭한 정도가 높은 바람직한 물성을 나타내었다. 거대배아미 품종으로 제조한 flake들의 bowl life가 일반품종들에 비해서 긴 경향이 있었으며, 특히 화청찰거대배아미로 제조한 현미 flake의 bowl life가 가장 길고, 화청벼로 제조한 현미 flake의 bowl life가 가장 짧았다. 제조된 flake의 전반적인 기호도는 메벼, 찰벼에 상관없이 거대배아미 품종으로 제조한 것들이 높았으며, 일반 품종간에서는 찰벼로 제조한 것이 메벼로 제조한 것보다는 유의적으로 높았다. 수침에 따른 수분흡수율은 제조된 flake의 bowl life 및 아삭아삭한 정도와 정의 상관성을 가지며 현미 flake의 수분흡수지수는 팽화도 및 bowl life와는 정의 상관성이 있었다. 관능검사상의 경도와는 부의 상관성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 시험된 8개의 품종중에서 신선찰거대배아미 및 화청찰거대배아미 품종이 flake 제조에 가장 적합하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to find in what color Hanji(Korean hand-made paper) is dyed when it is dyed with a pigment extracted from clove tree using different kinds of mordant, and how the paper is discolored and variety of strength under the condition of accelerated aging test. The results of this experiment are as follows. The Hanji dyed with aluminum acetate mordant was colored yellowish brown at pH 4.82, discoloration after aging was as much as a slight difference of color was recognized, and the decrease of strength after aging test was small. Thus, the method using aluminum acetate mordant was usable in coloring Hanji. The second most useful Hanji dyeing moth of was using distilled water and ferrous sulfate mordant, which dyed Hanji light brown at pH 6.03. However, when pigment was extracted using distilled water and copper sulfate mordant was used, discoloration was satisfactory but strength decreased too much and pale brown was obtained. Thus, this method was not usable.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2003

Changes in the concentrations of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA), soluble calcium ions, glutamic acid, and the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) were investigated in non-germinated vs. germinated brown rice. Brown rice was germinated for 72 h by applying each of the following solutions: (1) distilled water, (2) 5 mM lactic acid, (3) 50 ppm chitosan in 5 mM lactic acid, (4) 5 mM glutamic acid, and (5) 50 ppm chitosan in 5 mM glutamic acid. GABA concentrations were enhanced in all of the germinated brown rice when compared to the non-germinated brown rice. The GABA concentration was highest in the chitosan/glutamic acid that germinated brown rice at 2,011 nmol/g fresh weight, which was 13 times higher than the GABA concentration in the non-germinated brown rice at 154 nmol/g fresh weight. The concentrations of glutamic acid were significantly decreased in all of the germinated rice, regardless of the germination solution. Soluble calcium and GAD were higher in the germinated brown rice with the chitosan/glutamic acid solution when compared to the rice that was germinated in the other solutions. GAD that was partially purified from germinated brown rice was stimulated about 3.6-fold by the addition of calmodulin in the presence of calcium. These data show that the germination of brown rice in a chitosan/glutamic acid solution can significantly increase GABA synthesis activity and the concentration of GABA.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1993

The effects of addition of brown rice flour on the Backsulgies were examined. We chose the addition ratio of brown rice flour as 0%, 50%, 100% along with the pilot study. The addition of brown rice flour did not make significant changes in water-binding capacity, swelling power and the degree of gelatinization. But the addition of brown rice flour had a delaying effect of retrogradation of Backsulgies by textural analysis. In sensory evaluation, the Backsulgi added brown rice flour 50% had the highest value in the overall quality of sensory characteristics. But there was no significant difference in the other sensory characteristics between the 50% and 0% added with. Therefore we concluded that the addition of brown rice flour on Backsulgies improve the sensory characteristics as well as delay the retrogradation and would be a good source of dietary fiber.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2019

This paper presents a novel methodology for face stability assessment of rock tunnels under water table by combining the kinematical approach of limit analysis and numerical simulation. The tunnels considered in this paper are excavated in fractured rock masses characterized by the Hoek-Brown failure criterion. In terms of natural rock deposition, a more convincing case of depth-dependent mi, GSI, D and ${\sigma}_c$ is taken into account by proposing the horizontally layered discretization technique, which enables us to generate the failure surface of tunnel face point by point. The vertical distance between any two adjacent points is fixed, which is beneficial to deal with stability problems involving depth-dependent rock parameters. The pore water pressure is numerically computed by means of 3D steady-state flow analyses. Accordingly, the pore water pressure for each discretized point on the failure surface is obtained by interpolation. The parametric analysis is performed to show the influence of depth-dependent parameters of $m_i$, GSI, D, ${\sigma}_c$ and the variation of water table elevation on tunnel face stability. Finally, several design charts for an undisturbed tunnel are presented for quick calculations of critical support pressures against face failure.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.417-425
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the whitening effect of Angelicae dahuricae Radix water extract (ADWE) by its application on artificial tanning spots which were induced by 1,500 $mJ/cm^2$ of UVB radiation on the backs of brown guinea pigs weighing approximately 450~500 g. Thirty ${\mu}l$ of ADWE, at each application, were applied twice a day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks to the guinea pigs. The artificial tanning spots were divided into 3 groups which were vehicle control group [propylene glycol: ethanol: water (5:3:2)], positive control group (2% hydroquinone) and experimental group (2% ADWE). The visible whitening effect and changes in melanin index were evaluated once a week. On completion of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed under anesthetization, and the artificial tanning spots were excised by biopsy punch and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) to observe histological change and also stained with Fontana-Masson's silver (F-M) and S-100 to observe melanin pigmentation and melanocytes. In the gross observation, the experimental group showed higher pigmentation than the positive control group but lower pigmentation than the vehicle control group. Histological observation confirmed that ADWE had a positive whitening effect by showing a lower distribution of melanin and melanocytes in the epidermis of experimental group than in the vehicle control group.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.294-301
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• 2014

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple foods in Korea and the consumption of brown rice is increasing annually. The objective of this study is to investigate the physicochemical, hydration and textural properties related to eating quality of cooked brown rice by using glutinous, semi-glutinous, four non-glutinous and four colored varieties. The moisture, protein and total dietary fiber contents of brown rice are shown in the range of 11.1~12.6%, 6.6~8.7% and 6.28~12.40%, respectively. The amount of water uptakes for brown rice during the hydration has shown significant differences. The glutinous variety of Boseogchal indicate the highest water absorption levels by reaching $0.38gH_2O/g$. The hardness of hydration for Seolgaeng is distinctively lower than those of the other brown rice varieties. According to the textural characteristics of cooked brown rice when using the Tensipresser, the hardness of Boseogchal, Baegjinju and Seolgaeng all exhibit the lowest values out of ten varieties and the highest levels of adhesiveness.