• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.271-274
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• 2014

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in men in the United States. The most common sites of metastasis include the bone, lymph nodes, lung, liver, pleura, and adrenal glands, whereas metastatic prostate cancer involving the gastrointestinal tract has been rarely reported. A 64-year-old African-American man with a history of prostate cancer presented with anemia. He reported the passing of dark colored stools but denied hematemesis or hematochezia. Colonoscopy revealed circumferential nodularity, and histology demonstrated metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed hypertrophic folds in the gastric fundus, and microscopic examination revealed tumor cells positive for prostate-specific antigen. Bone scanning and computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis did not show metastasis. It is crucial to distinguish primary gastrointestinal cancer from metastatic lesions, especially in patients with a history of cancer at another site, for appropriate management.

• ALGAE
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.3-20
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• 2011

The physiology of the unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina in response to abiotic stress has been studied for several decades. Early D. salina research focused on its remarkable salinity tolerance and ability, upon exposure to various abiotic stresses, to accumulate high concentrations of $\beta$-carotene and other carotenoid pigments valued highly as nutraceuticals. The simple life cycle and growth requirements of D. salina make this organism one of the large-scale commercially exploited microalgae for natural carotenoids. Recent advances in genomics and proteomics now allow investigation of abiotic stress responses at the molecular level. Detailed knowledge of isoprenoid biosynthesis mechanisms and the development of molecular tools and techniques for D. salina will allow the improvement of physiological characteristics of algal strains and the use of transgenic algae in bioreactors. Here we review D. salina isoprenoid and carotenoid biosynthesis regulation, and also the biotechnological and genetic transformation procedures developed for this alga that set the stage for its future use as a production system.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2006

Fredrick Krause's chair in the Brooklyn Museum of Art (accession no. 87. 19) is a key to the understanding of factory-made, patent furniture, and the Modern Gothic style in the United States. However, research has rarely done for this chair as well as for the designer. Since this piece is incorporating the utility patent, it is a valuable example to understand the nineteenth-century patented furniture. Because of the popularity of Modern Gothic style, the similar style of chairs were often manufactured. This study explores how other examples are related and what the significance of the Brooklyn Museum chair is. The book of Sharon Darling provided especially helpful information about other Krause chairs in Fond du Lac and chair manufactures in Chicago. The interview with John Ebert at Galloway House in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin was especially helpful. Several primary sources proved helpful in researching the chair. The photo archives. of Kimbel and Cabus at the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum provides me a key to this research.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.71-85
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• 2011

미국 뉴욕의 브루클린은 한때 세계적인 공업지역이었다. 브루클린은 세계적인 화학약품회사인 화이자 제약의 본고장이기도 하지만 이스트 강변에는 조선공업이 발전하여 미국 남북전쟁과 제2차 세계대전 당시에 투입되었던 거대한 군함을 제조한 곳이기도 하다. 그러나 1980년대에 들어와 브루클린은 탈공업화현상을 겪으면서 제조업 공동화, 혹은 도심 공동화 현상을 겪게 되었다. 1990년대 이후 브루클린은 맨하탄으로부터 파급되는 문화예술활동을 받아 들여 미국 문화예술 활동의 신조류를 형성하고 있다. 본 연구는 덤보(DUMBO), 뱀(BAM), 윌리암스버어거(Williamsburg) 등 세 개의 대표적인 문화예술산업 클러스터에 대해 조사 연구하여 정책적, 이론적 시사점을 도출하였다. 즉, 어떠한 과정을 거쳐 브루클린에서 문화예술산업 클러스터가 조성되었으며, 이들이 도심재생과정에 어떻게 기여하고 있는지를 파악하고, 그러한 과정에서 활약하는 주요 행위주체들을 규명하였다.

• 도시과학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2022

Semi-industrial zone is the area where manufacturing, residential, commercial zones are mixed. Despite of their potentials in that proximity to city and convenient transportation infrastructure, a lot of semi-industrial zones in Korea have converted to other uses due to many issues such as change of industry, increasing land price, real estate speculations. Recently, local government is trying to solve their existing issues and develop them through a restoration of publicness. Now publicness is thought of as a key factor of regeneration in semi-industrial areas. In this regard, this study aims to examine the way of restoring publicness revealed in Brooklyn Navy Yard mainly focus on their urban contexts and architectural ways. Brooklyn Navy Yard, an exemplary case, is an industrial complex that has grown economically, socially and culturally through emphasizing publicness and it is evaluated as an advanced example of public industrial complex. Through the analysis of Navy Yard, this study was trying to emphasize the importance of publicness in the regeneration of semi-industrial areas and to provide implications for the Seoul Government's solutions, which are still in the conceptual stage. To analyze the publicness of the study subjects, framework and elements were derived by examining related theories and prior researches. Depending on this frame, the results of the publicness of the Navy Yard were as follows. First of all, the 'Publicness as an officiality' was identified at the characteristic of the site and Navy Yard development corporation. Second, the 'Publicness as a public interest' of the Navy Yard Development Corporation was identified in various ways of its operation methods. Finally, the 'Publicness as an accessibility' was identified in the opening of urban and architectural spaces in Navy Yard. These publicness were analyzed with seven Navy Yard's success factors. Thus, it can be interpreted that the publicness of the semi-industrial areas can contribute significantly to their success. The publicness restoring methods of Navy Yard could be used as a basic data in semi-industrial areas in the future in Korea. However they are limited to be applied directly, so extensive and in-depth research in terms of their applicability should be conducted.

• Gut and Liver
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.694-703
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• 2018

Background/Aims: Limited data exist comparing the safety and efficacy of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) monoinfected and HCV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfected patients in the real-world clinic practice setting. Methods: All HCV monoinfected and HCV/HIV coinfected patients treated with DAAs between January 2014 and October 2017 in community clinic settings were retrospectively analyzed. Pretreatment baseline patient characteristics, treatment efficacy, factors affecting sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12) after treatment, and adverse reactions were compared between the groups. Results: A total of 327 patients were included in the study, of which 253 were HCV monoinfected, and 74 were HCV/HIV coinfected. There was a statistically significant difference observed in SVR12 when comparing HCV monoinfection and HCV/HIV coinfection (94% and 84%, respectively, p=0.005). However, there were no significant factors identified as a predictor of a reduced response. The most common adverse effect was fatigue (27%). No significant drug interaction was observed between DAA and antiretroviral therapy. None of the patients discontinued the treatment due to adverse events. Conclusions: In a real-world setting, DAA regimens have lower SVR12 in HCV/HIV coinfection than in HCV monoinfection. Further studies involving a higher number of HCV/HIV coinfected patients are needed to identify real predictors of a reduced response.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.821-831
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• 2006

Unicellular green algae of the genus Haematococcus have been studied extensively as model organisms for secondary carotenoid accumulation. Upon environmental stress, such as strong irradiance or nitrogen deficiency, unicellular green algae of the genus Haematococcus accumulate secondary carotenoids in vesicles in the cytosol. Because secondary carotenoid accumulation occurs only upon specific environmental stimuli, there is speculation about the regulation of the biosynthetic pathway specific for secondary carotenogenesis. Because the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway is located both in the chloroplast and the cytosol, communication between both cellular compartments must be considered. Recently, the induction and regulation of astaxanthin biosynthesis in microalgae received considerable attention because of the increasing use of this secondary carotenoid as a source of pigmentation for fish aquaculture, as a component in cancer prevention, and as a free-radical quencher. This review summarizes the biosynthesis and regulation of the pathway, as well as the biotechnology of astaxanthin production in Haematococcus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2003

Xanthophylls are oxygenated carotenoids that serve a variety of functions in photosynthetic organisms and are essential for survival of the organism. Within the last decade, major nor advances have been made in the elucidation of the molecular genetics and biochemistry of the xanthophyll biosynthesis pathway. Microalgae, yeast, or other microorganisms produce some of the xanthophylls that are being commercially used due to their own color and antioxidant properties. Currently, only a few microalgae are being considered or already being exploitd for the production of high-value xanthophylls. However, new developments in molecular biology have important implications for the commercialization of microalgae, and make the genetic manipulation of the xanthophyll content of microalgae mure attractive for biotechnological purposes. Accordingly, the current review summarizes the general properties of xanthophylls in microalgae and the recent developments in the biotechnological production of xanthophylls.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.176-188
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• 2002

This paper presents results of continuous wave and swept frequency response measurements over the frequency range of UNII lower and middle bands from 5.15GHz to 5.35GHz in indoor environments. From the continuous wave measurements at 5.2GHz, the excess path loss, and the statistical characteristics of the temporal and spatial fading were found. By sweeping the frequency over the band, envelope correlation as a function of frequency was found and the coherence bandwidth (CBW) was determined from the envelope correlation. Using a channel model, the CBW was used to evaluate RMS delay spread. The dependence of CBW on the antenna polarization was simulated and compared with the measurement results. The influence of room size and separation of transmitter and receiver for LOS paths on RMS delay spread was discussed.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2021

In 2016, an innovative liquid damper system was installed on the roof of a 35-story modular building in Brooklyn, NY to mitigate wind-induced movement of the structure. The new damper presented several advantages over traditional pendulum, liquid column or sloshing dampers, including lower fabrication and maintenance costs, modularity, and the flexibility to be tuned to a wider range of frequencies. The performance of the system was monitored on a regular basis over the past four years and found adequate, with only minor re-tuning and maintenance operations needed. Based on the experience and data gained through this project, a second iteration of the damper was developed. Called Hummingbird, the improved system further mitigates maintenance and tuning concerns, while allowing significant space savings.