• 대한금속재료학회지
• /
• 제48권11호
• /
• pp.1035-1040
• /
• 2010

The research efforts on GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) keep increasing due to their significant impact on the illumination industry. Surface mount technology (SMT) is widely used to mount the LED packages for practical application. In surface mount soldering both the device body and leads are intentionally heated by a reflow process. We studied on the effects of multiple reflows on microstructural variation and joint strength of the solder joints between the LED package and the substrate. In this study, Pb-free Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder and a finished pad with organic solderability preservatives (OSP) were employed. A $Cu_6Sn_5$ intermetallic compound (IMC) layer was formed during the multiple reflows, and the thickness of the IMC layerincreased with an increasing number of reflows. The shear force decreased after three reflows. From the observation of the fracture surface after a shear test, partially brittle fractures were observed after five reflows.

• 대한금속재료학회지
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.136-145
• /
• 2012

Resistance spot welding of TRIP780 steels was investigated to enhance understanding of weld fracture mode after tensile shear testing (TST) and L-shape tensile testing (LTT). The main failure mode for spot welds of TRIP780 steels was partial interfacial fracture (PIF). Although PIF does not satisfy the minimum button diameter (4${\surd}$t) for acceptable welds, it shows enough load carrying capacity of resistance spot welds for advanced high strength steels. In the analysis of displacement controlled L-shape tensile test results, cracks initiated at the notch of the faying surface and propagated through the interface of weldments, and finally, cracks change path into the sheet thickness direction. Use of the ductility ratio and CE analysis suggested that the occurrence of PIF is closely related to high hardness and brittle welds, which are caused by fast cooling rates and high chemical compositions of TRIP steels. Analysis of the hold time and weld time in a welding schedule demonstrated that careful control of the cooling rate and the size of a weld nugget and the HAZ zone can reduce the occurrence of PIF, which leads to sound welds with button fractures (BFs).

• 방사선산업학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.91-102
• /
• 2015

The iridium disc, generally used in industrial radiography, is examined to find the fracture morphology and fine particles remaining on the shear blank surface. Randomly selected 1,200 discs were observed under a scanning electron microscope tilted more than $45^{\circ}$. Fracture surfaces are classified into three groups: (1) surface fall-out, (2) fracture on the edge and (3) multi-step brittle fracture, which shows the mutual relationship between the fracture morphology and remaining particles. Fracture particles were removed by cleaning the discs in a ultrasonic bath with acetone and collected at the bottom. Removed number of the particles were counted for each different group of fracture surfaces. Followings are conclusions: (1) About 80.5% of discs (966/1,200), have sound plastic shear surfaces with particles remained. (2) About 2% discs accompany surface fall-out's having large particles tens of ${\mu}m$, which is stable not to be pulled out even after the considerably long time of ultrasonic cleaning. (3) About 5% discs contain the fractures on the edge and the particles are removed thoroughly within 30 minutes. (4) 234 discs out of 1,200 discs have multi-step fracture surfaces whose particles never removed in a short period of time but come out very slowly. Such a disc having multiple-step fracture is attributed to the promate cause to the 'leaker'. It is noted here that the discs having mutiple-step fractures should be treated separately with special care, and it is need to study how to treat them.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.615-627
• /
• 2019

This paper aims to study the compressive behavior of circular hollow and concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns under simulated marine atmospheric corrosion. The specimens after salt spray corrosion were tested under axial compressive load. Steel grade and corrosion level were mainly considered in the study. The mechanical behavior of circular CFST specimens is compared with that of the corresponding hollow ones. Design methods for circular hollow and concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns are modified to consider the effect of marine atmospheric corrosion. The results show that linear fitting curves could be used to present the relationship between corrosion rate and the mechanical properties of steel after simulated marine atmospheric corrosion. The ultimate strength of hollow steel tubular and CFST columns decrease with the increase of corrosion rate while the ultimate displacement of those are hardly affected by corrosion rate. Increasing corrosion rate would change the failure of CFST stub column from ductile failure to brittle failure. Corrosion rate would decrease the ductility indexes of CFST columns, rather than those of hollow steel tubular columns. The confinement factor ${\xi}$ of CFST columns decreases with the increase of corrosion rate while the ratio between test value and nominal value shows an opposite trend. With considering marine atmospheric corrosion, the predicted axial strength of hollow steel tubular and CFST columns by Chinese standard agree well with the tested values while the predictions by Japanese standard seem conservative.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.269-282
• /
• 2015

Civil structures should be designed with the lowest cost and longest lifetime possible and without service failure. The efficient and sustainable use of materials in building design and construction has always been at the forefront for civil engineers and environmentalists. Timber is one of the best contenders for these purposes particularly in terms of aesthetics; fire protection; strength-to-weight ratio; acoustic properties and seismic resistance. In recent years, timber has been used in commercial and taller buildings due to these significant advantages. It should be noted that, since the launch of the modern building standards and codes, a number of different structural systems have been developed to stabilise steel or concrete multistorey buildings, however, structural analysis of high-rise and multi-storey timber frame buildings subjected to lateral loads has not yet been fully understood. Additionally, timber degradation can occur as a result of biological decay of the elements and overloading that can result in structural damage. In such structures, the deficient members and joints require strengthening in order to satisfy new code requirements; determine acceptable level of safety; and avoid brittle failure following earthquake actions. This paper investigates performance assessment and damage assessment of older multi-storey timber buildings. One approach is to retrofit the beams in order to increase the ductility of the frame. Experimental studies indicate that Sprayed Fibre Reinforced Polymer (SFRP) repairing/retrofitting not only updates the integrity of the joint, but also increases its strength; stiffness; and ductility in such a way that the joint remains elastic. Non-linear finite element analysis ('pushover') is carried out to study the behaviour of the structure subjected to simulated gravity and lateral loads. A new global index is re-assessed for damage assessment of the plain and SFRP-retrofitted frames using capacity curves obtained from pushover analysis. This study shows that the proposed method is suitable for structural damage assessment of aged timber buildings. Also SFRP retrofitting can potentially improve the performance and load carrying capacity of the structure.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제53권2호
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 2016

The most important factor in the structural design of ships and offshore structures operating in arctic region is ice load, which results from ice-structure interaction during the ice collision process. The mechanical properties of ice related to strength and failure, however, show very complicated aspect varying with temperature, volume fraction of brine, grain size, strain rate and etc. So it is nearly impossible to establish a perfect material model of ice satisfying all the mechanical characteristics completely. Therefore, in general, ice collision analysis was carried out by relatively simple material models considering only specific aspects of mechanical characteristics of ice and it would be the most significant cause of inevitable errors in the analysis. Especially, it is well-known that the most distinctive mechanical property of ice is high dependency on strain rate. Ice shows brittle attribute in higher strain rate while it becomes ductile in lower strain rate range. In this study, the simulation method of ice collision to ship hull using the nonlinear dynamic FE analysis was dealt with. To consider the strain rate effects of ice during ice-structural interaction, strain rate dependent constitutive model in which yield stress and hardening behaviors vary with strain rate was adopted. To reduce the huge amount of computing time, the modeling range of ice and ship structure were restricted to the confined region of interest. Under the various scenario of ice-ship hull collision, the structural behavior of hull panels and failure modes of ice were examined by nonlinear FE analysis technique.

• 접착 및 계면
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.18-27
• /
• 2003

Micromechanical 시험법과 표면 젖음성 측정을 이용하여 플라즈마 처리된 생분해성 poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) 섬유강화 poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) 복합재료의 계면물성과 미세파괴 분해메카니즘을 연구하였다. PPDO 섬유강화 PLLA 복합재료는 장기간의 사용기간 동안 우수한 기계적 물성을 제공할 수 있다. PPDO 섬유와 PLLA 기지재료의 분해정도는 열분석과 광학적인 관찰을 통해서 확인하였다. PPDO 섬유와 PLLA 기지재료 사이의 계면전단강도와 접착일은 플라즈마 처리 시간이 60초 일때 가장 컸으며, 접착일과 polar 표면자유에너지는 계면전단강도와 비례하였다. 초기상태의 PPDO 섬유는 연성파단 형상이 나타났으나, 분해시간이 진행됨에 따라 분자량 감소로 인해 점차적으로 취성 파단 형상으로 변하였다. 계면물성과 미세파괴 분해메카니즘은 분해가 진행됨에 따라 변하기 때문에 섬유강화 생분해성 복합재료의 성능을 조절하는데 중요한 요인들이다.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.440-445
• /
• 2008

정수압 상태의 선형저밀도 폴리에틸렌 튜빙의 파손 메커니즘과 파손 모폴로지를 연구하였다. 비디오현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용한 관찰 결과, 선형저밀도 폴리에틸렌 튜빙의 파손모드는 내면에서 외면으로 진전되는 크랙을 수반하는 취성파괴임을 확인하였다. 또한 산화유발시간과 적외선분광분석을 통하여, 파손된 선형저밀도 플리에틸렌 튜빙의 단면상에 열화에 의한 발열 피크와 카르보닐 피크의 증가를 관찰하였다. 열 가속에 의한 음력과 수명특성 사이의 관계를 고려한 선형저밀도 폴리에틸렌 튜빙의 가속수명시험법 및 시험장치를 개발하였다. 선형저밀도 폴리에틸렌 튜빙의 장기 정수압 상태의 수명을 예측하기 위해 아레니우스 모델과 와이블 분포를 적용한 통계학적 기법을 도입하였다. 그 결과, 사용온도 $25^{\circ}C$에서의 선형저밀도 폴리에틸렌 튜빙의 장기수명을 평가/분석하였다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2011

지진재해로 인한 라이프라인의 피해는 구조물의 손상뿐만 아니라, 통신장애, 전력 가스 수자원 등 다양한 생활에너지의 공급에 장애를 발생시킨다. 이러한 지진재해에 효율적으로 대응하기 위해 미국과 일본에서는 HAZUS 및 HERAS와 같은 지진재해평가 시스템을 구축하여 활용하고 있다. 국내에서도 이러한 시스템 구축을 위해 노력하고 있으나, 근본적으로 구조물의 지진 해석을 통한 평가자료가 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 다양한 구조물 중 국내에 시공된 수많은 매설관을 조사하여 관 재질 특성에 따라 연성관과 취성관으로 분류하고 이에 대한 동적 거동을 분석하였다. 다양한 지진하중 하에서 국내 및 미국의 시공기준에 따라 매설관의 동적 거동을 비교 평가하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 미국 HAZUS 프로그램의 알고리즘에 따른 국내의 매설관 손상평가의 적정성을 조사하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제58권3호
• /
• pp.137-143
• /
• 2021

In this study, the fracture strength of Flexible Secondary Barrier (FSB) composites was standardized by conducting a distribution analysis of the fracture probability, considering that the fracture strength of FSB composites such as glass fiber reinforced composites is relatively large. As the mechanical performance of FSB composites varies with the fiber direction, 20 replicate uniaxial tensile tests were performed for different temperatures ranging from the ambient to cryogenic conditions, considering the actual operating environment of liquefied natural gas. For the probability statistical analysis, the Weibull distribution analysis derived from the weakest link theory was used, considering the large variance in the fracture strength and brittle fracture behavior. The results of the Weibull distribution analysis were used to calculate the standard fracture strength of the FSB composites for different fiber directions. The findings can help ensure the reliability of the FSB mechanical properties in different fiber directions in the design of the secondary barrier and structural analyses.