• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.452-460
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• 1991

The chemical evidence for involvement of singlet oxygen during photoirradiation for 2-ethylanthracene [2-EA] and 9-phenylanthracene [9-PA] was based on the rapid decomposition of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran [DPBF] in methanol-water mixture and aqueous CTAB, and SDS micellar solutions. The average microenvironmental polarities of 2-EA and 9-PA were estimated by UV spectroscopic characteristics sensitive to the polarity of solvent. When 2-EA and 9-PA were solubilized in aqueous CTAB, SDS and Brij 35 solutions, their average microenvironmental polarities were polar, and their microenvironmental polarity parameter showed little dependence on the ionic properties of the micelles. The average microenvironmental polarity of 2-EA was similar to the polarity of 40% (w/w) aqueous ethanol, and that of 9-PA was similar to the polarity between 30 and 40% (w/w) aqueous ethanol. It was found that the greater part of these species might be distributed at the surface of micelles when they were solubilized in aqueous micellar solutions. The methanol-water mixture solution appeared to have characteristics more favorable for photooxidation reaction than aqueous micellar solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2011

This study was conducted to confirm the adsorption capacity of CFW(Carbonized Foods Waste), which is produced by the process of recycling waste, in PRB method that Electrokinetic(E/K) method was applied. The batch test was carried out to analyze the adsorption characteristics of CFW for adsorbing the organic compounds. The organic compounds used in the batch test were Phenanthrene and Trichloroethylene(TCE), and the anionic surfactant(SDS) and the nonionic surfactant(Brij$^{(R)}$30) were used for the surfactants. The results of the batch test confirmed that the adsorption efficiency of Phenanthrene was 99% and TCE was 26%. The each compounds compared with the adsorption isotherms, which is calculated by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The results indicated that Phenanthrene is fitted to the linear Langmuir model, whereas the distribution of TCE is unclear. The results of the batch test used in surfactants confirmed that the adsorption efficiency of CFW using Phenanthrene was reduced to 6~8%. However, the adsorption efficiency of CFW in TCE was increased up to 81% by surfactants. Especially, the nonionic surfactant was excellent in the adsorption of CFW using TCE. Nevertheless, the adsorption efficiency of CFW in Phenanthrene was still higher than TCE. Therefore, the adsorption efficiency of CFW in Phenanthrene was better than in TCE. In PRB method using E/K method, the adsorption of CFW used nonionic surfactant is better to use than the anion surfactants on the organic compounds.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The effects of different formulation variables including pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), permeation enhancer, thickness of the matrix and loading amount of drug on the transdermal absorption of galantamine were investigated across the hairless mouse skin. The permeation profile of galantamine was different depending on the types of PSA, loading amount of drug, thickness of the matrix and type of enhancer used. Highest flux of galantamine was obtained from acrylic PSA but crystals were formed in the patch within 72 h. Among the PSAs screened, crystal formation was not observed only in the patches formulated in Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) matrix. Permeation rate increased linearly as the concentration of galantamine in SBS matrix increased from 2.5 to 15% w/w. Among the enhancers screened, Brij$^{(R)}$ 30 provided highest flux of galantamine. Matrix thickness of 80 ${\mu}m$ was optimum for maintaining adhesiveness as well as consistently delivering galantamine for longer period of time.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1135-1139
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• 2005

Psychrotrophic phenanthrene-degrading bacteria were identified in the sediment samples collected from Lake Baikal, Russia. Among 70 phenanthrene-degrading isolates, the seven that had the highest phenanthrene-degradation rates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Isolate P25, identified as the Gram-positive rod-shaped organism Rhodococcus erythropolis, had the highest growth and degradation rate at $15^{\circ}C$. It could remove $26.0\%$ of 100 mg $1^{-1}$ phenanthrene in 20 days at $15^{\circ}C$, and degradation was less at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;25^{\circ}C$. The addition of surfactants to enhance degradation was tested. Brij 30 and Triton X-100 inhibited degradation at all surfactant concentrations tested, but Tween 80 stimulated phenanthrene degradation, especially at low concentrations. When $20{\times}$ CMC (critical micelle concentration) of Tween 80 was added, $38.0\%$ of 100 mg $1^{-1}$ phenanthrene was degraded in 12 days at $15^{\circ}C$. This psychrotrophic phenanthrene-degrading bacterium is a candidate for use in bioremediation of polycyclic hydrocarbon contamination in low temperature environments.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2004

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of phenol compounds from green tea leaves and surfactant micelles on lipid oxidation in com oil-in-water emulsion (O/W). The concentration of phenol and surfactant in continuous phase of the O/W with exceed Brij 700 and phenol compounds was measured. The particle size of O/W with phenol (100 ppm) increased with increasing added exceed surfactant $(0{\sim}2.0%)$ and the concentration of surfactant and phenols in the continuous phase higher than these of control. Lipid oxidation rates, as determined by the formation of lipid hydroperoxides and headspace hexanal, in the O/W emulsions containing phenol compounds (100 ppm) and exceed surfactant $(0{\sim}2.0%)$ decreased with increasing concentration of exceed surfactant. The ability of the phenol compounds and exceed surfactant to inhibit hydroperoxide and headspace hexanal producing as lipid oxidation in O/W was BHT>procyanidin B3-3-O-gallate> (+)-gallocatechin > (+)-catechin and 2% > 1 % > 0% of exceed surfactant. These results indicate that phenol compounds and exceed surfactant could alter the physical location of hydroperoxide in O/W.