• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 1992

As population is increased, land use types are changed mountainous areas from flatland in Korea. Because natural disaster as landslides occur of life, property, and environmental damage, prediction of landslides have become increasingly important. We focus on the issue for assessment of landslides, not slope stability analysis for a simple slope site. In this study, we could know the correlations of mean, standard deviation for brightness value of imagery by aerial photo scanning. The range of brightness values and standard deviation of landslide area is 35~65 and tend to increment of value, in the every years. When evaluating large regions with past occurrence of landslides, it is possible to search for correlation of site conditions such as degree of slope, soil characteristics, vegetative cover, and rainfall conditions in aerial photo interpretation data.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.45-56
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• 2013

This study researches functional arrangements for colors of work clothes - concentrating on the arrangements of lightness - for safety protection of workers at the job sites in the mechanical industry. To conduct such study, blue color (5PB) is selected for the CAD simulations on six arrangements of brightness based on two colors. The brightness ranges are of 5PB color (between 3~7.5) which are measurable by Munsell Conversion, and arrangements on lightness consisting of one arrangement of high lightness-gap, two of medium lightness-gap, and three of low lightness-gap. To analyze the data of color values after applying arrangements of lightness and to evaluate the levels of awareness regarding arrangements, the NCS colorimetric is being applied. Color palettes are based on the NCS notations, and then marked with color triangles. After evaluation, the visibility proves to be high when the arrangements contain high lightness at the top and bottom, and the arrangements with higher lightness-gap show higher effects in safety. Since this study tends to check factors of lightness, the other color factors were limited. Therefore, in order to apply these results at the job sites, integrated applications of such results will be very useful for developing safe working clothes in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.94-103
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• 2018

The quality characteristics of bread with black rice flour were investigated to find the most preferred ratio of black rice flour. Its moisture, ash content, crude protein, crude fat, amino acids, and texture were analyzed. A sensory evaluation was also performed. The moisture and crude fat of bread with black rice flour were decreased in proportion to the added amount of black rice flour, but the crude protein and ash content were increased. The volume of bread decreased as the added amount of black rice flour increased. The pH value of bread increased in proportion to the added amount of black rice flour. The value of brightness and yellowness of the dough were the highest in the control. The added amount of black rice flour was negatively correlated with the brightness and the yellowness of the dough, but was positively correlated with the redness. Total free amino acids were found, and the dough with 5% black rice flour contained the highest amount, followed by 3%, 2%, and 1%. When evaluating the storage days, the springiness and cohesiveness of bread with black rice flour they decreased with time, but the chewiness and brittleness increased. Regarding the taste, preference was given to the bread with 2% black rice flour, which had the lowest rejection rate and was not affected by time in any meaningful sense. The bread with 2% black rice flour won the highest scores in the overall preference measurement.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.382-388
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• 2016

When Flat Panel Display (FPD) is made with backlight module, such as LED TV, it inherently suffers from the non-uniform backlight luminance problem that results in un-even brightness distribution throughout the TV screen. If the luminance of each pixel location of a TV screen as a function of the driving voltage can be measured, it can be used to compensate the non-uniformity of the backlight module. We use a carefully calibrated imaging system to take pictures of a TV screen at different levels of brightness and generate the compensation functions for the driving circuitry to correct the luminance level at each pixel location. Making use of the fact that the luminance of the screen is normally brightest at around the center of the screen and gradually decreases toward the border of the screen, the luminance of the whole TV screen is approximated by a mathematical function of the pixel locations. The parameters of the function are computed in the least square sense by the values of both the pixel luminance sent from the driving circuit and the grayscale value measured from the image taken by the imaging system. To justify the correction system, a simple second order polynomial function is used to approximate the luminance across the screen. When the driving circuit voltage is corrected according to the measured function, the variance of the screen luminance is reduced to one tenth of the one measured from the un-corrected TV screen.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.121-137
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• 2008

We present optical and near-infrared imaging and long-slit spectroscopy for the blue compact dwarf galaxy (BCD) Mrk 49 in the Virgo Cluster. The surface brightness distribution analysis shows that Mrk 49 consists of an off-centered blue bright compact core of r = 10" and a red faint outer exponential envelope. The $H_{\alpha}$ image and color difference suggest that these two components have different stellar populations: a high surface brightness population of massive young stars and an underlying low surface brightness population of older stars. The redder near-infrared colors of the inner most region suggest that the near-infrared flux of Mrk 49 originates from evolved massive stars associated with the current star-forming activity. The total apparent magnitude is $B_T\;=\;14.32$ mag and the mean effective surface brightness is ${\mu}_{eff}(B)\;=\;21.56$ mag $arcsec^{-2}$. Long-slit spectroscopy shows that Mrk 49 rotates apparently as a solid body within r = 10" in a plane at position angle 55 degrees with an amplitude of about $20\;km\;sec^{-1}$. The measured radial velocity of Mrk 49 was derived as $1,535\;km\;sec^{-1}$; and the total mass of stars and gases is in the range of 3 to $6\;{\times}\;10^9\;M_{\odot}$. The mass-to-light ratios for the central region of Mrk 49 in I and B band are estimated 1.0 and 0.5, respectively. The upper limit of the dark matter to visible matter ratio seems to be < 5. The oxygen abundance is $12\;+\;\log(O/H)\;=\;8.21\;{\pm}\; 0.1$ which is about one quarter of the solar value while the relative helium abundance appears to be similar to that of the sun.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4389-4411
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• 2018

High dynamic range (HDR) images are becoming pervasive due to capturing or rendering of a wider range of luminance, but their special display equipment is difficult to be popularized because of high cost and technological problem. Thus, HDR images must be adapted to the conventional display devices by applying tone mapping (TM) operation, which puts forward higher requirements for intellectual property protection of HDR images. As the robustness presents regional diversity in the low dynamic range (LDR) watermarked image after TM, which is different from the traditional watermarking technologies, a concept of watermarking activity is defined and used to distinguish the essential distinction of watermarking between LDR image and HDR image in this paper. Then, a novel robust HDR image watermarking algorithm is proposed against TM operations. Firstly, based on the hybrid processing of redundant discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition, the watermark is embedded by modifying the structure information of the HDR image. Distinguished from LDR image watermarking, the high embedding strength can cause more obvious distortion in the high brightness regions of HDR image than the low brightness regions. Thus, a perceptual brightness mask with low complexity is designed to improve the imperceptibility further. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is robust to the existing TM operations, with taking into account the imperceptibility and embedded capacity, which is superior to the current state-of-art HDR image watermarking algorithms.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.475-485
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• 2008

One of main issues in watermarking is to resolve the strength of watermark for solving the problem of trade-off between fidelity and robustness of watermarking. In the previous research, the strength of watermark has been resolved fixed value generally without considering local image characteristics such as image brightness, contrast, and edge. This paper proposes a new model to predict the strength of watermark considering local image characteristics such as image brightness, contrast, and edge for digital wavelet transform(DWT)-based image watermarking. For the study, psychological experiment was fulfilled to measure the human image perception and regression analysis showed the proposed model was statistically significant at the level of ${\alpha}\;=\;0.01$. Also the model is practically validated on fidelity and robustness of watermarking.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1249-1253
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• 2003

License plate recognition is very important in an automobile society. This is because, since plate detection accuracy has large influence on subsequent number recognition, it is very important. However, it is very difficult to do it, because a background and a body color of cars are similar to that of the license plate. In this paper, we propose a new thresholds determination method in the various background by using the real-coded genetic algorithm (RGA). By using RGA, the most likely plate colors are decided under various lighting conditions. First, the average brightness Y values of images are calculated. Next, relationship between the Y value and the most likely plate color thresholds (upper and lower bounds)are obtained by RGA. The relationship between thresholds decided from RGA and brightness average is aproximate by using the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm. In the case of plate detection, thresholds are decided from these functions.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.7 s.96
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• pp.779-784
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• 2004

In this paper, we have proposed an image contrast control method using brightness preserving on the FPD(Flat Panel Display). The proposed method can be easily applied to the FPD required real-time processing, since hardware complexity is greatly reduced using linear approximation method of CDF(Cumulative Density Function). For effective processing of the proposed algorithm, we have utilized the sample value of CDF and Barrel Shift. Visual test and standard deviation of their histogram have been introduced to evaluate the resultant output images of the pro-posed method and the original ones.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.268-269
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• 2006

The estimation of applicability $SrTiO_3:Pr^{3+}$, Al to a class low-voltage flat-panel displays based on field emission effect, which have average value anode voltage $U_a=300V$ and current density $j=100\;mA/sm^2$ at duty 240, has given positive result. In the same time observably for the most effective sample in similar conditions of excitation high brightness - more than $500\;Kd/m^2$ and linear brightness dependences from current density and voltage allows to decrease greatly the power which consumed by the device.