• Title/Summary/Keyword: Brick Structure

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Characteristics of Redmud Ceramics by Sintering Temperature and Raw Materials of Clay Bricks (점토벽돌 제조 원료 종류에 따른 소성온도별 레드머드 세라믹의 특성)

  • Kang, Suk-Pyo;Kang, Hye-Ju
    • Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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    • v.35 no.10
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    • pp.199-206
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    • 2019
  • This study aims to recycle redmud which is a byproduct in the alumina industry. Redmud ceramics were prepared according to the type of raw materials by blending redmud with the raw materials used in the conventional clay bricks. In this paper, the compressive strength, water absorption ratio, and shrinkage of redmud ceramics prepared by mixing clay bricks were evaluated. Compressive strength and absorption ratio of redmud ceramics were compared with the clay brick criteria of KS L 4201. At the firing temperature of $1200^{\circ}C$, the specimens containing redmud only and the redmud with sandy loam and black clay were found to satisfy the 1st class of clay brick. The quality standard of compressive strength and absorption ratio was obtained by firing redmud with black clay and sandy loam at $1200^{\circ}C$. Also, when the redmud was mixed with black clay and feldspar, the 2nd class was satisfied when the sample was fired at $1100^{\circ}C$.

Prism Compressive Strength of Non-structural Concrete Brick Masonry Walls According to Workmanship (시공정밀도에 따른 비구조용 콘크리트벽돌 조적벽체의 프리즘 압축강도)

  • Shin, Dong-Hyeon;Kim, Hyung-Joon
    • Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.127-136
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    • 2020
  • Prism compressive strength is the most influential parameter to evaluate the seismic performance of non-structural concrete brick masonry walls, and is affected by the practice and workmanship of masonry workers. This study experimentally investigates the influence of workmanship on prism compressive strength throughout the compressive test with prism specimens constructed according to masonry workmanship. To do this, the workmanship is categorized into good, fair, and poor conditions which are statistically evaluated with thickness and indentation depth of bed-joints. Then, the effect of workmanship on the structural properties of masonry prisms is evaluated by investigating relations between properties such as their compressive strength, elastic modulus and numerical parameters such as thickness, filling of bed-joints. This study demonstrates that the indentation depth is more important parameter for structural properties of masonry prisms and masonry prisms with loss in bed-joint area less than of 7% can be in fair condition.

A Study on Performance Evaluation of Masonry Thermal Bridge Blocking Brackets for Building Energy Efficiency (건축물에너지 효율을 위한 조적조 열교 차단 브라켓의 성능 평가 연구)

  • Kim, Woong-Hoi;Kim, Hyung-Kyu;Lee, Tae-Gyu;Lee, Jae-Hyun;Kim, Gyu-Yong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2023.05a
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    • pp.175-176
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    • 2023
  • The masonry structure is constructed by cement mortar binding material of brick objects and uses reinforced hardware(connected hardware or wall tie) together when building. However, over time, the corrosion of reinforced steel and the deterioration of joint mortar as well as bricks cause the risk of collapse. In particular, when the externally decorated brick wall is installed on the concrete girder for each floor, the angle bracket is not constructed or corroded, the full-layer weight load is applied to the wall of 0.5B, which is an example of full-scale or collapse. As a result of the evaluation, it was confirmed that the performance was improved compared to the existing bracket, and we plan to carry out a real-life test and long-term performance review of the building using the bracket in the future.

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Effect of Enzyme Stabilization on Hardening of Clay-rock Brick (점토-골재 벽돌 경화에 있어 효소 사용의 효과)

  • Mitikie, Bahiru Bewket;Lee, Tai-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.366-374
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    • 2017
  • This study investigates enzyme stabilization in clay-rock bricks through mechanical tests and image processing. Appropriate soil mixtures were designed using clay/crushed rock with ratios of 70/30, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60, and 30/70 by weight to verify the strength of the enzyme brick and soil compaction. The maximum compressive and flexural strengths in the 60/40 ratio mixture were found to be 5MPa and 1.25MPa, respectively; however, the maximum dry unit weight of $2.073g/cm^3$ was found in the 50/50 clay/gravel ratio mixture. Generally, the strength of the enzyme brick was improved by 27%. The paper concludes that in order to achieve optimal strength, soils should be mixed with the 60/40 clay/gravel ratio, which provides an adequate strength, while 50/50 ratio should be used for achieving more compaction. The SEM-EDX observation and Matlab image processing verified how the bond structure appeared after enzyme stabilization. It was found that enzymes created bond with the clay soil and the crushed rock for rendering strength and stability.

Numerical Analysis for the Assessment of Building Damage in Urban Excavation (지반굴착시 인접구조물의 손상 영향 평가에 대한 수치해석)

  • 이민근;황의석;김학문
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2003.03a
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    • pp.561-568
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    • 2003
  • The protection of adjacent structures in urban excavation has been an important issue. But the research on the interaction between ground movements and adjacent structure has been scarce, therefore this study was necessitated. Current design practice for the prediction of excavation-induced ground movements heavily rely on empirical method. In this study, damage levels of brick building are examined closely by means of angular distortion, deflection ratio, horizontal strain. The results of numerical analysis indicated that the movement of actual building was 60∼65% of the ground movement, while angular distortion was 45∼65%. Also numerical analysis for the assessment of brick building can be applied to the building protection at various construction stages.

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The study on characteristic of efflorescence phenomenon and reduction plan through research (사례 조사를 통한 백화현상의 특징 및 저감 방안 연구)

  • 박영민;이희두;이해진;임남기
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2002.05a
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2002
  • The study offer a suggestion that from result in being a case to efflorescence for decrease a plan: $\circled1$ A efflorescence of concreat a structure will be the prograss plan; In the materials, depress use to the water-sand in the construction, admonish unification of front and rear in the environment, consideration requisite concreat don't the occurrence efflorescence. $\circled2$ Ma sonry building efflorescence establish a ventilation opening and a waterway to ma sonry the times avoid the winter or the rainy season. Ma sonry building efflorescence will be make good among a brick to a brick interval closely mortar. $\circled3$ Tile building, tile of plasticity temperature is appropriate, reduce the deviation, parapet part of efflorescence will be make good closely mortar. A construction material part a meterial developing need Perfection of construction a efflorescence occurrence is the minimum, a plan Part developed so on, composition of a ommection field systematic effort need a efflorescence Prevention a kind of detail.

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Estimation of critical vibration level on structural damage of brick house induced by blasting (발파진동으로 인한 조적조 가옥 피해의 임계수준 평가)

  • 양형식;김남수;전양수;정지문;문승백;조상호
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.72-77
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    • 1999
  • New criteria to evaluate blasting damage to structure is proposed considering environmental caused daily deformation of cracks in structures. Results from 3 brick houses in fishing village shows that more than 10 times higher vibration level than design criteria of 0.5 kine is required to cause structural damage.

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Design of Tangible Programming Tools for Condition and Repetitive Structure Expressions (LED 텐저블 프로그래밍 도구의 조건과 반복구조 표현 설계)

  • Shim, Jaekwoun;Kwon, Daiyoung
    • Proceedings of The KACE
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    • 2018.01a
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    • pp.79-82
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    • 2018
  • 최근 유치원생과 초등학교 저학년생을 대상으로 프로그래밍 경험을 제공하기 위한 목적으로 다양한 텐저블 프로그래밍 도구들이 개발되고 있다. 개발된 텐저블 프로그래밍 도구들은 순차, 분기, 반복 등의 프로그래밍 개념을 손으로 조립하거나 쌓는 등의 구체적인 조작을 통해 프로그래밍 활동을 체험하도록 설계되었다. 하지만, 텐저블 프그래밍 도구가 순차, 반복, 분기, 변수, 함수 등의 프로그래밍의 개념을 일부만 반영하고 있어 프로그래밍 개념에 대한 체험이 완전하게 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 기존에 개발한 텐저블 프로그래밍 도구인 B-Bricks에 조건에 따른 분기와 반복 개념을 추가하여 설계하는 연구로, B-Bricks를 사용하여 조건문과 반복문을 설계하였다.

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Investigation on the masonry vault by experimental and numerical approaches

  • Guner, Yunus;Ozturk, Duygu;Ercan, Emre;Nuhoglu, Ayhan
    • Earthquakes and Structures
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.13-21
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    • 2022
  • Masonry constructions exhibit uncertain behaviors under dynamic effects such as seismic action. Complex issues arise in the idealization of structural systems of buildings having different material types and mechanical properties. In this study, the structural behavior of a vaulted masonry building constructed using full clay brick and lime-based mortar and sitting on consecutive arches was investigated by experimental and numerical approaches. The dimensions of the structure built in the laboratory were 391 × 196 cm, and its height was 234 cm. An incremental repetitive loading was applied to the prototype construction model. Along the gradually increasing loading pattern, the load-displacement curves of the masonry structure were obtained with the assistance of eight linear displacement transducers. In addition, crack formation areas, and relevant causes of its formation were determined. The experimental model was idealized using the finite element method, and numerical analyses were performed for the area considered as linear being under similar loading effect. From the linear analyses, the displacement values and stress distribution of the numerical model were obtained. In addition, the effects of tie members, frequently being used in the supports of curved load-bearing elements, on the structural behavior were examined. Consequently, the experimental and numerical analysis results were comparatively evaluated.

An Archaeological Review of the Inscribed Bricks Excavated from the Tomb of Jang Mui: A Focus on the Collection of the National Museum of Korea (장무이묘 출토 명문전(銘文塼)의 고고학적 검토 -국립중앙박물관 소장품을 중심으로)

  • Lee Nakyung
    • Bangmulgwan gwa yeongu (The National Museum of Korea Journal)
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    • v.1
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    • pp.36-73
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    • 2024
  • The Tomb of Jang Mui located in Bongsan-gun, Hwanghae-do Province has attracted much attention since its first investigation due to the inscribed bricks found there that have allowed the guessing of the name and official title of its occupant and construction date. Inscriptions on these bricks, such as the "Prefect of Daebang Commandery Jang Mui" and the "Mu" (戊, the fifth sign of the Chinese calendar), and "Sin" (申, the ninth sign of the Chinese zodiac), have become the basis for believing the location of the government office of Daebang Commandery to be in Bongsangun, Hwanghae-do Province rather than somewhere in the Hangang River region. From the early days of its investigation, the tomb was suggested as historic remains of the Daebang Commandery along with the Earthen Fortress in Jitap-ri. Inscribed bricks excavated from the Tomb of Jang Mui were featured in several books and articles in the form of photographs and rubbings, leading to a vast body of studies on its construction period and the characteristics of its occupant that drew upon interpretations of the inscriptions. However, the inscribed bricks themselves were not publicly available outside those held in the collection of the University of Tokyo, making it difficult to expect consistent research findings on the types of inscribed bricks and their contents. Following previous studies re-examining the structure of the tomb and the materials used for its construction, most scholars dated the Tomb of Jang Mui to 348, a period after the collapse of Daebang Commandery. However, there is still a lack of adequate examination of the bricks, which account for the majority of the artifacts excavated from the tomb. Among the bricks excavated from most brick chamber tombs, including the Tomb of Jang Mui, only those with inscriptions or designs have been collected. Moreover, among these, only those with inscriptions or designs on the stretcher faces have been documented. Accordingly, the bricks themselves have been notably understudied. This paper intends to reorganize the contents of the inscriptions on eleven types (out of sixty-one pieces) of bricks in the collection of the National Museum of Korea, which make up the majority of the bricks excavated from the Tomb of Jang Mui. It also classified them according to their shapes. Furthermore, it examined the bricks from the Tomb of Jang Mui as architectural materials by focusing on their production techniques, including their forming, drying, and firing. Taking a more specific approach, it then compared the results to other bricks from the second century through the fourth century: those from the brick chamber tombs of the Nangnang and Daebang Commanderies and those from the brick chamber tombs built after Nangnang and Daebang Commanderies were ousted. The examination of bricks from the Tomb of Jang Mui has revealed that these bricks were basically produced using the brick manufacturing techniques of Nangnang, but they incorporated new elements found in bricks from brick chamber tombs or brick-and-stone chamber tombs constructed around the mid-fourth century in terms of their size, the use of lime, and the number of inscribed bricks. This supports the prevailing view that the date of the construction of the Tomb of Jang Mui is 348. The Tomb of Jang Mui sustained the existing brick chamber tomb burial tradition, but its ceiling was finished with stone. It demonstrates a blending of the brick chamber tomb practice of the Nangnang and Daebang Commanderies by using bricks produced based on related techniques, but with new elements such as the addition of a lime layer to the bricks. This fusion reflects the political circumstances of its time, such as the expulsion of the Daebang Commandery and the advance of the Goguryeo Kingdom, leading to diverse interpretations. Given archaeological evidence such as the structure, materials, and location of the tomb, the Tomb of Jang Mui appears to be highly related to the Goguryeo Kingdom. However, the forms of the inscribed bricks and the contents of the inscriptions share similarities with brick chamber tombs constructed during the third and fourth centuries in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions in China. Further studies on whether the use of lime was an influence from Goguryeo or a continuation of the Daebang tradition and a comparative examination with contemporaneous stone ceiling tombs will provide a more refined understanding of the Tomb of Jang Mui.