• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.130-138
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• 2007

To protect the surface of ground-cutting slopes occurring at the national road substitute detour [roundabout road]construction jobsite between Munduk and Wubokgu within the jurisdiction of Pohang-si and environment-friendly road construction, a test execution of re-vegetation measures on the major slopes was done and the results are as follows : As a result of finding out the number of sprouting individuals on the test construction site, the average number of sprouting individuals on the three test spots by the method of revegetation measures D, revegetation measures A, and revegetation measures B was 1,292 number of per square meter, 1,190 number of per square meter, and 1,095 number of per square meter respectively, which statistics were higher than those of test spot by the revegetation measures C. As a result of finding out living plant's breeding index [weight in dried state], the average dried weight of living plant at the test spot by the method of revegetation measures B, in case of foreign herbal species, was the highest marking 8.96 grams per square meter, and the next was 6.86grams per square meter by the method of revegetation measures D, and the next after was 6.80 grams per square meter by the method of revegetation measures A, and the last 5.93 grams per square meter by the method of revegetation measures C. As a result of finding out the covering degree on the slopes, the same average covering degree of 80% and 77.5% in revegetation measures A and revegetation measures D individually, which showed a somewhat higher covering degree than those of revegetation measures B and revegetation measures C. As a result of finding out appearing plants on the test construction site, seeding plant life was found to be sprouting on all test spot while native and foreign herbal species and herbaceous plant as well as shrubs were growing in good harmony with each other. However, in case of revegetation measures B and revegetation measures C method, foreign plant species are dominantly growing. As a result of inspecting rifts on the slopes and the excavated state by water, there existed cracks in some of base materials only in revegetation measures C method applied spot.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.118-129
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• 1998

This survey is made to offer the fundamental data for the establishment of practical environmental education plan based on understanding of the change of the environmental awareness of elementary school students under the longitudinal-sectional research design. In this research, the questionnaire made by Kim Jong-ki in 1988 and by Kim Hak-Bong in 1993, is amended and filled up, which is used to the 624 numbers of fifth and sixth grade students lived in Seoul, Pyungtaek and Yangjugu. This research ares are devided into 5 ares which are the environmental general, environmental pollution, living environment, environmental education and consciouness of environmental crisis to humen beings. First, it is grasped general tendency and then is compared and analyzed the level of awareness by residence, sex, grade. stsdard of living parental academic, the background variation of parental job with the status in 1988 and 1933. The results are as follows: 1) The rate of interest for environmental pollution and population is reduced but the rate of interest for animal protection is increased. 2) In spite of reinforcement of environmental education In school, the numbers of the students who became to know some information about that from the class are diminished. 3) Even if the children are aware of sewage seriousely, the numbers of the students who answer it is caused by domestic sewage are a few. 4) On the environmental education area, the various materials of the are not utilized well in a class. 5) On the environmental crisis to the human beings the rate is much increased in 1993 ttan that of 1988 environmental contamination is the important cause of the human beings' crises but now the rate is reduced again. In other variables except the environmental contamination, it is increased the that of 1993 on the war, on population it is showed a tendency of reduction. The results of this study are as follows : 1) It is supposed that the education should be done only not for the knowledge of environmental education but for the practice of that - animal breeding, field experience of the ecological destruction places. 2) The various environmental education materials such as TV, VTR are demanded to give the students proper information about that and to educate sufficently. 3) The course of fields exploration for environmental education should be prepared under cooperation of the authorities concerned. 4) It has to be groped for an epoch-making teaching method and the training and the practice of teachers in order to reform environmental pollution.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.437-447
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• 1999

Type I diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) results from the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic $\beta$ cells by a progressive $\beta$ cell-specific autoimmune process. The pathogenesis of autoimmune IDDM has been extensively studied for the past two decades using animal models such as the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and the Bio-Breeding (BB) rat. However, the initial events that trigger the immune responses leading to the selective destruction of the $\beta$ cells are poorly understood. It is thought that $\beta$ cell auto-antigens are involved in the triggering of $\beta$ cell-specific autoimmunity. Among a dozen putative $\beta$ cell autoantigens, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) has bee proposed as perhaps the strongest candidate in both humans and the NOD mouse. In the NOD mouse, GAD, as compared with other $\beta$ cell autoantigens, provokes the earliest T cell proliferative response. The suppression of GAD expression in the $\beta$ cells results in the prevention of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. In addition, the major populations of cells infiltrating the iselts during the early stage of insulitis in BB rats and NOD mice are macrophages and dendritic cells. The inactivation of macrophages in NOD mice results in the prevention of T cell mediated autoimmune diabetes. Macrophages are primary contributors to the creation of the immune environment conducive to the development and activation of $\beta$cell-specific Th1-type CD4+ T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that cause autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are both believed to be important for the destruction of $\beta$ cells. These cells, as final effectors, can kill the insulin-producing $\beta$ cells by the induction of apoptosis. In addition, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells release granzyme and cytolysin (perforin), which are also toxic to $\beta$ cells. In this way, macrophages, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells act synergistically to kill the $\beta$ cells in conjunction with $\beta$ cell autoantigens and MHC class I and II antigens, resulting in the onset of autoimmune type I diabetes.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2008

멸종위기야생동식물 1급으로 지정된 꼬치동자개, Pseudobagrus brevicorpus의 종복원을 위해 인위적인 교배를 통하여 획득한 자치어를 대상으로 성분화 과정을 조사하여 성적임성 여부를 확인하였다. 부화 후 4~5일째 자어에서 생식융기 1쌍이 장과 중신관 사이에서 관찰되었고, 그 후 유사분열이 활발히 진행되었다. 부화 후 20일째 치어에서 난원세포의 출현으로 난소 분화가 시작되었으며, 부화 후 30~40일째를 거치면서 염색인기와 주변인기의 난모세포로 성장하였다. 난황은 부화 후 80일째의 자어에서 생성되기 시작하였고, 부화 후 100일째가 되어 eosin에 염색되는 난황구가 생성되었다. 이후 난모세포는 난황이 지속적으로 축적되면서 세포의 크기와 수가 증가하기 시작하였고, 부화 후 약 10개월째에는 난막과 여포세포층에 의해 둘러싸여진 난모세포로 분화하였다. 한편 정소는 부화 후 25일경 치어에서 분화되기 시작하였고, 40일경 유사분열을 통해 정원세포를 둘러싸는 포낭을 형성하였다. 부화 후 100일째가 되면 정소는 정소엽 구조를 형성하였고 hematoxylin에 매우 진하게 염색되는 정모세포로 분화하였다. 부화 후 7개월째 치어의 정소엽 내부에 정세포가 출현한 이후, 부화 후 만 1년을 경과한 치어에서 최초로 성숙한 정자가 출현하였다. 위 결과를 바탕으로 인공적으로 부화된 꼬치동자개 자치어의 성분화는 다른 종에서 보이는 것과 같이 정상적인 발달을 보인다고 판단되었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.495-500
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• 2015

우리나라 주요 양식어종은 넙치, 조피볼락, 참돔이 전체 양식어종의 80% 이상을 차지하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 양식 어종의 다양화와 그에 따른 새로운 양식기법 도입을 위하여 LED파장을 이용하여 강도다리의 성장률을 계측하여 성장에 최적한 LED 파장을 규명하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 LED 파장의 조건은 Red 645nm, Green 525nm, Blue 465nm, 3차 혼합색인 White LED를 사용하였고, 전압의 차이에 따라 각 파장별 Package 배열에 차이를 두었다. 또한 연구에 사용된 조명은 적분구 측정을 통해 동일한 양의 방사속을 조사하도록 조절하여 진행하였으며 실험에 사용된 자어의 평균 체중은 $17.1{\pm}3.3g$, 체장은 $101.5{\pm}12.6mm$이였다. 자어는 사각형($60{\times}45{\times}45cm$) 순환 여과식 수조에 각각 10미씩 수용하여 12주간 사육하였고 매 1주에 체중 및 체장을 계측하여 성장률을 조사하였다. 연구 결과 Green 실험구에서 가장 높은 체중 증가율이 54.03%로 가장 높았으며 다음으로 White 실험구에서 38.47%, Red 실험구에서 36.98% Blue 실험구에서 34.72%로 나타났으며, 체장의 증가도 또한 Green 실험구에서 14.36% 가장 높았으며, White, Red, Blue 순서로 체장의 증가율이 나타났다. 본 연구결과로 강도다리는 사육환경에서 조명에 대한 영향을 크게 받는 것을 알 수 있으며, 나아가서 양식현장에의 적용 가능한 양식용 특수조명 개발과 공학을 기반으로 한 새로운 수산-LED 융합기술의 발전방향을 선도하는 중요한 기초연구가 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제5_6권
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• pp.47-54
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• 1968

벼의 줄무늬잎마름병 방제에 보다 능률적이고 완전한 실효를 얻기 위해 우선 본병에 대한 저항성 검정방법을비교검토하고 장려 품종 중에서 저항성품종을 선발하여 장래 저항성품종 육성의 모체를 제공할 목적으로 410품종에 대하여 저항성검정을 실시하였다. (1) 집단접종과 개체접종법을 비교 검토한 결과 발병률은 집단접종법이 다소 높은 경향이 있어 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다. (2) 발병지수에서 Lacrose는 두 방법이 모두 S였고 Zenith$\cdot$St. No.1$\cdot$St. No. 2$는 R, 나머지는 M로 나타나 같은 경향을 보여 주었다. (3) 병징형은 이병성품종에서는 모두 감수성형인 A형이 많고 저항성품종에서는 반대로 저항성병징형인 C형이 많아 두 방법이 같은 경향을 보여 주였다. (4) 410품종의 저항성검정에서 저항성이(12품종) St. No.1$\cdot$St. No. 2$\cdot$ 신 2호$\cdot$Gulfrosebonnet$\cdot$Arkroe$\cdot$Sunbonnet$\cdot$Zenith$\cdot$이천칠일찰$\cdot$농림 24호$\cdot$오백조계$\cdot$양주밭찰$\cdot$농림나 1호 등이고 남선97$\cdot\;149\cdot\;159\cdot\;216\cdot\265$호, 이황 $243\cdot\;265$, 간척 $5\cdot\;7\cdot\;8\cdot\;10\cdot\;41\cdot\;43\cdot\;47\cdot\;50$호 수원 $56\cdot$77호$\cdot$농림 22호$\cdot\;Cod-4\cdot\;Lacrose\cdot\;$적나 등은 이병성이며, 중간성이 377품종이었다. (5) 숙기별로 볼 때 큰 차이는 없으나, 만생$\cdot$조생$\cdot$중생종의 순으로 저항성이 컸다. (6) 장려품 중에서는 신 2호 외는 거의 중간성이었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2002년도 창립 10주년 기념 국제학술심포지움
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• pp.54-63
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• 2002

Post-harvest technology for rice was focused on in-bin drying system, which consists of about 100, 000 facilities in 1980s. The modernized Rice Processing Complex (RPC) and Drying Storage Center (DSC) became popular for rice dry, storage, process and distribution from 1990s. However, the percentage of artificial drying for rice is 48% (2001) and the ability of bulk storage is about 15%. Therefore it is necessary to build enough drying and bulk storage facilities. The definition of high quality rice is to satisfy both good appearance and good taste. The index for good taste in rice is a below 7% of protein, 17-20% of amylose, 15.5-16.5% of moisture contents and high concentration of Mg and K. To obtain a high quality rice, it is absolutely needed to integrate high technologies including breeding program, cropping methods, harvesting time, drying, storing and processing methodologies. Generally, consumers prefer to rice retaining below b value of 5 in colorimetry, and the whiteness, the hardness and the moisture contents of rice are in order of consumer preference in rice quality. By selection of rice cultivars according to acceptable quality, the periods between harvesting time and drying reduced up to about 20 days. Therefore it is necessary to develop a low temperature grain drying system in order to (1) increase the rate of artificial rice drying up to 85%, (2) keep the drying temperature of below 45C, (3) maintain high quality in rice and (4) save energy consumption. Bulk storage facilities with low temperature storage system (7-15C) for rice using grain cooler should be built to reduce labor for handling and transportation and to keep a quality of rice. In the cooled rice, there is no loss of grain quality due to respiration, insect and microorganism, which results in high quality rice containing 16% of moisture contents all year round. In addition, introducing a low temperature milling system reduced the percentage of broken rice to 2% and increased the percentage of head rice to 3% because of proper hardness of grain. It has been noted that the broken rice and cracking reduced significantly by using low pressure milling and wet milling. Our mission for improving rice market competitiveness goes to (1) produce environment friendly, functional rice cultivars, (2) establish a grade standard of rice quality, (3) breed a new cultivar for consumer oriented and (4) extend the period of storage and shelf life of rice during postharvest.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2015

본 연구는 2014년 4월부터 9월까지 경북지역 17개 시 군의 고추, 콩, 옥수수 및 배추 재배포장에 발생되는 잡초의 분포와 우점도를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 조사결과, 고추밭 32과(family) 132종(국화과 23종, 벼과 10종, 메꽃과 8종), 콩밭 31과 116종(국화과 21종, 벼과 10종, 메꽃과 9종), 옥수수밭 37과 134종(국화과 16종, 벼과 12종, 메꽃과 11종), 배추밭 35과 170종(국화과 28종, 메꽃과 14종, 벼과 13종)이 출현하였다. 작물별 우점도는 고추밭 쇠비름 10.07, 콩밭 바랭이 9.63, 옥수수밭 바랭이 8.28, 배추밭 속 속이풀 8.35로 나타났다. PCA-covariance 분석을 통한 주요 잡초군락은 냉이로 대표되는 배추밭과 돌피로 대표되는 옥수수밭 그리고 공통적으로 왕바랭이, 쇠비름 및 깨풀로 대표되는 고추밭과 콩밭으로 구별되었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2006

2003$\sim$2005년의 쇠제비갈매기 Sterna albifrons의 번식기 동안 충남 홍성군 간월호의 번식군집에서 총 10개의 과산란수의 둥지(nest with supernormal clutch)와 7개의 이종 알 혼합 둥지(nests with mixed species clutch, 쇠제비갈매기와 흰물떼새의 알이 혼합된 둥지)가 관찰되었다. 쇠제비갈매기의 알 회수 행동은 한 배 산란수와 관계없이 두 번째 알 산란 이후 높은 빈도를 보였다. 알 회수 행동은 모든 포란 단계에서 매우 높은 빈도로 나타났다. 쇠제비갈매기는 둥지에서 약 15 cm 떨어진 알에 대하여 높은 알 회수 행동 비율을 보였으나 35$\sim$55 cm의 거리에서 급격히 감소하였고 60 cm 거리에서는 알 회수 행동이 나타나지 않았다. 쇠제비갈매기는 알의 종류 및 크기와 관계없이 둥지 인근에 배치된 알들을 자신의 둥지로 편입시키는 행동을 보였다. 본 조사 결과는 쇠제비갈매기의 알 회수 행동이 과산란수의 둥지 및 이종 혼합 둥지를 생성할 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2014

A Fairy Pitta is a bird known to breed only in mainland China, Taiwan, Japan and Korea and is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List. We carried out a DNA analysis to contribute to conserve the genetic diversity of Fairy Pitta. 32 samples were collected at Jeju Island, the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan from 2004 to 2013 and DNA was extracted from them and several sequences were amplified-it through PCR. And then we performed the population genetic analysis. We found there was a transversion between nucleotide sequences at CO1 gene, while there was no changes at Cyt-b gene. And we confirmed the polymorphism from two genes was caused from genetic drift not from selection. Through this analysis, the group within the Peninsula was found bigger than other two groups based on the analysis of CO1 gene, and the group from Taiwan was found bigger than other two groups through the analysis of Cyt-b gene. The population genetic structure of mitochondria gene of three group was showing CO1 gene had 5 haplotypes and Cyt-b gene had 6 haplotypes. Haplotype 2 in CO1 gene was found in three group and many individuals of samples had this haplotype. Like CO1 gene, haplotype 2 in Cyt-b gene was found in three group and was included in plenty of individuals. Other haplotypes were not overlaped and broke off among the three groups. To prevent from the extinction of Fairy Pitta and to obtain the genetic diversity, we need to compare with other regional group such as Japan, China and perform additional research in the non-breeding area.