• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.25 no.8
• /
• pp.925-931
• /
• 2015

We performed a molecular marker-based analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits that determine the quality of the appearance of grains, using 120 doubled-haploid (DH) lines developed by another culture from the F1 cross between ‘Cheongcheong’ (Oryza sativa L. ssp. Indica) and ‘Nagdong’ (Oryza sativa L. ssp. Japonica). The traits studied included length, width, and thickness of the grains, as well as length-to-width ratio and 1,000-grain weight. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic control of these traits in order to formulate a strategy for improving the appearance of this hybrid. Within the DH population, five traits exhibited wide variation, with mean values occurring within the range of the two parents. Three QTLs were identified for grain length on chromosomes 2, 5, and 7. Three QTLs were mapped for grain width on chromosome 2: qGW2-1, qGW2-2, and qGW2-3. Six chromosomes were identified for the grain length-to-width ratio; four of these were on chromosome 2, whereas the other two were on chromosomes 7 and 12. One QTL influencing 1,000-grain weight was identified and located on chromosome 8. The results presented in the present study should facilitate rice-breeding, especially for improved hybrid-rice quality.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.466-471
• /
• 2012

Sixty individuals of the scallop $Patinopecten$ $yessoensis$ (Genus Pecten) were sampled to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of this species. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) identified 109 genotypes and produced 79 polymorphic loci (72.8%). Total genetic diversity values ($H_T$) and interlocus variation in the within-population genetic diversity ($H_S$) were 0.254 and 0.178, respectively. On a per-locus basis, the proportion of total genetic variation due to differences among populations ($G_{ST}$) was 0.299. This indicated that about 70.1% of the total variation was within populations. The unique loci and bands of $P.$ $yessoensis$ were shown in only one population among the three countries. RAPD markers were very effective in classifying the natural population levels of $P.$ $yessoensis$ in Korea, China, and Japan. In addition, insights into the relative gene diversity among and within populations of $P.$ $yessoensis$ would be useful in breeding and for the development of strategies for animal genetic resources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.763-772
• /
• 2018

Objective: Swine manure in Korea is separated into solid and liquid phases which are composted separately and then applied on land. The nutrient accumulation in soil has been a big issue in Korea but the basic investigation about nutrient input on arable land has not been achieved in detail. Within the nutrient production from livestock at the national level, most values are calculated by multiplication of the number of animals with the excreta unit per animal. However, the actual amount of nutrients from swine manure may be totally different with the nutrients applied to soil since livestock breeding systems are not the same with each country. Methods: This study investigated 15 farms producing solid compost and 14 farms producing liquid compost. Composting for solid phase used the Turning+Aeration (TA) or Turning (T) only methods, while liquid phase aeration composting was achieved by continuous (CA), intermittent (IA), or no aeration (NA). Three scenarios were constructed for investigating solid compost: i) farm investigation, ii) reference study, and iii) theoretical P changes (${\Delta}P=0$), whereas an experiment for water evaporation was conducted for analyzing liquid compost. Results: In farm investigation, weight loss rates of 62% and 63% were obtained for TA and T, respectively, while evaporation rates for liquid compost were 8.75, 7.27, and $5.14L/m^2{\cdot}d$ for CA, IA, and NA, respectively. Farm investigation provided with the combined nutrient load (solid+liquid) of VS, N, and P of 117.6, 7.2, and $2.7kg/head{\cdot}yr$. Nutrient load calculated from farm investigation is about two times higher than the calculated with reference documents. Conclusion: The nutrient loading coefficients from one swine (solid+liquid) were (volatile solids, 0.79; nitrogen, 0.53; phosphorus, 0.71) with nutrient loss of 21%, 47%, and 29%, respectively. The nutrient count from livestock manure using the excretion unit has probably been overestimated without consideration of the nutrient loss.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2014.05a
• /
• pp.13-13
• /
• 2014

Two kinds of mushrooms, Gumji (金芝; Ganoderma) and Soji, were described in old book of Samguksagi (History of the three kingdoms; B.C 57~A.D 668; written by Bu Sik Kim in 1145) in Korea-dynasty. Many kinds of mushrooms were also described in more than 17 kinds of old books during Chosun-dynasty (1392~1910) in Korea. Nowadays, mushroom cultivation has been increased through out the world last decade years. Production of mushrooms has also been increased 10-20% and many varieties have been cultivated. Similar trends were also observed in Korea. Approximately two hundred commercial strains of 37 species in mushrooms were developed and distributed to cultivators. Somatic hybrid variety of oyster mushroom 'Wonhyeong-neutari' were developed by protoplast fusion, and distributed to grower in 1989. The fruiting body yield index of somatic hybrids of Pleurotus ranged between 27 and 155 compared to parental values of 100 and 138. In addition, more diverse mushroom varieties such as Phellinus baumi, Auricularia spp., Pleurotus ferulae, Hericium erinaceus, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Grifola frondosa, Agrocybe aegerita and Pleurotus cornucopiae have been attempted to cultivate in small scale cultivation. Production of mushrooms as food was 190,111 metric tons valued at 800 billion Korean Won (one trillion won if include mushroom factory products; 1dollar = 1,040 Won) in 2011. Major cultivated species are Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, Lentinula edodes, Agaricus bisporus, and Ganoderma lucidum, which cover 90% of total production. Since mushroom export was initiated from 1960 to 1980, the export and import of mushrooms have been increased in Korea. Technology developed for liquid spawn production and automatic cultivation systems lead to the reduction of the production cost resulting in the increasement of mushroom export. However some species were imported because of high production cost for these mushrooms requiring the effective cultivation methods. Developing of effective post-harvest system will be also directly related to mushroom export. In academic area, RDA scientists have been conducting mushroom genome projects. One of the main results is the whole genome sequencing of Flammulina velutipes for molecular breeding. An electrophoretic karyotype of of F. velutipes was obtained using CHEF with 7 chromosomes, with a total genome size of approximately 26.7 Mb. The mususcript of the genome of F. velutipes was published in PLOS ONE this year. For medicinal mushrooms, we have been conducting the genome research on Cordyceps and its related species for developing functional foods using this mushroom. In 2013, Korea Food and Drug Administraion (KFDA) approved Cordyceps mushroom for its value as an immune booster.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.175-182
• /
• 2018

The carcass and meat quality of new native chicken strains (A, C, and D) being developed in the Golden Seed Project for Samgyetang were compared with a commercial native chicken (Hanhyup No. 3, H) and Baeksemi (white semi broiler, W) strains. In total, 250 male chicks were raised under the same feeding and raising conditions for 5 weeks. After slaughter, the carcass weight and percentage yield of parts from each strain were measured and the physicochemical quality traits (general composition, color values, fatty acid composition, and sensory evaluation) of breast muscles were comparatively analyzed. The carcass weight (875.10 g) of the W strain was significantly heavier than that of the other native chicken strains, while that of A strain (537.54 g) was the lowest. The percentage yield of breast meat was also higher in the W strain than in the other strains. The fat content of W strain was higher than that of the other native chicken strains. The new native chicken strains (A, C, D) had higher contents of linoleic acid (C18:2) than the H strain. The A and D strains especially showed relatively high content of arachidonic acid (C20:4), a characteristic fatty acid in native chicken meats. On the other hand, the fatty acid composition of C strain was similar to that of the W strain. This study provides important information on specific quality characteristics than can be used to select new native chicken lines for breeding program.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.303-310
• /
• 2015

The study was conducted to analyze the genetic parameters of somatic cell score (SCS) of Holstein cows, which is an important indicator to udder health. Test-day records of somatic cell counts (SCC) of 305-day lactation design from first to fifth lactations were collected on Holsteins in Korea during 2000 to 2012. Records of animals within 18 to 42 months, 30 to 54 months, 42 to 66 months, 54 to 78 months, and 66 to 90 months of age at the first, second, third, fourth and fifth parities were analyzed, respectively. Somatic cell scores were calculated, and adjusted for lactation production stages by Wilmink's function. Lactation averages of SCS ($LSCS_1$ through $LSCS_5$) were derived by further adjustments of each test-day SCS for five age groups in particular lactations. Two datasets were prepared through restrictions on number of sires/herd and dams/herd, progenies/sire, and number of parities/cow to reduce data size and attain better relationships among animals. All LSCS traits were treated as individual trait and, analyzed through multiple-trait sire models and single trait animal models via VCE 6.0 software package. Herd-year was fitted as a random effect. Age at calving was regressed as a fixed covariate. The mean LSCS of five lactations were between 3.507 and 4.322 that corresponded to a SCC range between 71,000 and 125,000 cells/mL; with coefficient of variation from 28.2% to 29.9%. Heritability estimates from sire models were within the range of 0.10 to 0.16 for all LSCS. Heritability was the highest at lactation 2 from both datasets (0.14/0.16) and lowest at lactation 5 (0.11/0.10) using sire model. Heritabilities from single trait animal model analyses were slightly higher than sire models. Genetic correlations between LSCS traits were strong (0.62 to 0.99). Very strong associations (0.96 to 0.99) were present between successive records of later lactations. Phenotypic correlations were relatively weaker (<0.55). All correlations became weaker at distant lactations. The estimated breeding values (EBVs) of LSCS traits were somewhat similar over the years for a particular lactation, but increased with lactation number increment. The lowest EBV in first lactation indicated that selection for SCS (mastitis resistance) might be better with later lactation records. It is expected that results obtained from these multi-trait lactation model analyses, being the first large scale SCS data analysis in Korea, would create a good starting step for application of advanced statistical tools for future genomic studies focusing on selection for mastitis resistance in Holsteins of Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.106 no.4
• /
• pp.408-416
• /
• 2017

This study describes DNA fingerprinting analysis of twenty-three natural monument individuals of Ginkgo biloba using eight microsatellite markers. The average number of observed alleles was 6.875, and the expected heterozygosity and the observed heterozygosity were 0.711 and 0.710, respectively. This results were similar to those of the previous studies on Ginkgo trees analyzed by same markers in China and Japan. PIC value and PD were calculated at 0.677 and 0.9999 respectively, indicating a high individual identification efficiency. In fact, all of the natural monument ginkgo trees and additionally analyzed thirteen general ginkgo tress were identified by genotype comparison. PI and PD calculated in three markers (Ging06, Gb60, Gb61) with the highest PIC values calculated in natural monument ginkgo trees were $8.045{\times}10^{-5}$ and 99.99%, respectively. Thus, these three markers could be preferentially used in DNA fingerprinting for identifying ginkgo tree individuals. The results in this study will be useful for management of natural monument ginkgo trees, proliferation of their progeny and genetic identification of individuals selected in breeding process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.23-43
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to create ecological values for urban rivers. For this, the paper looks into river bed structures and how nearby lands are used. This study was performed to set the specific sections for analysis through a field investigation of the infrastructure conditions, surrounding land use, and the inter habitat structure of Seongnaecheon(Stream). A total of 780 individuals from 31 species of wild birds appeared in Seongnaecheon(Stream). According to foraging guild's habitat, there were 9 species of water, 8 types of water edges, 5 types of crowns, 5 types of shrubs, 2 types of tree trunks, 2 types of birds of raptors, and 355 individuals of water, 243 shrubs, 90 crowns, 84 water edges and 5 raptors. Many water birds were observed at the site where the Seongnaecheon(Stream) sandy plains and wetland herbaceous area were developed and the open water was secured. Most of the forest birds appeared on levee slope connected with forest around and riverside with fewer facilities for use. The species diversity index of Shannon, the entire section of Seongnaecheon(Stream), was 2.2697 and the downstream ecological landscape conservation area of Seongnaecheon(Stream) was found to be useful as a habitat for wild birds in the city compared to other sections. Some sections of Seongnaecheon (Stream) had low species diversity index due to lack of green space and surrounding urbanization areas. In choosing target species, I researched the special features of the habitats and the habitation structure of wild birds in each zone. Regarding detailed plans, by classifying the breeding place & roosting site and the roosting site & shelter that took account of the inhabitation characteristics of the target species in different sections, this paper suggested the major plant species and multilayer planting structures. Moreover, this study proposed the development of habitats for water birds and forest birds along with the connection of the green network for improving the Eco-corridor linkage and inhabitation features in Seongnaecheon(Stream).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.331-340
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the type of swine manure on herbage productivity, the properties of soil and environmental pollution in mixed grassland. The field experiment was carried out on Livestock Breeding Station, Chonbuk in Korea from Nov. 2002 to Nov. 2005. Experimental plots were consisted of the types of swine manure, such as additional swine manure fermented with sawdust (SMFWS)+urea 50% and swine slurry (SS)+urea 50%. And then, chemical fertilizer (Urea) is used as control. DM yields of herbage were not different between chemical fertilizer and the type of swine manure. Feed values (CP, NDF, ADF, TDN) were not different between chemical fertilizer and swine manure treatments. After finishing with the experiment, Organic matter contents in soil increased. Organic matter, available phosphorous and Ca contents in swine manure treatment were higher than those of chemical fertilizer (p<0.05). $NO_3$-N and $NH_4$-N concentrations in leaching water in the mixed grassland was hardly influenced by application of swine manure and urea, whereas $NO_3$-N and $NO_3$-N levels in leaching water were less than 5 ppm.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.161-166
• /
• 2020

Barley is an important cereal gain which is traditionally used in some nations of Asia and North Africa, and there has been growing interest in using barley as an ingredient in food due to their nutritional value and high content of phyto-constituents. However, no study report on comparative feed value between sprouted barley, cornflake and alfalfa hay. Therefore, in this study we aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, amino acid profile and mineral content of 6 day sprouted barley fodder (SBF) compared with cornflake and alfalfa hay using by AOAC method, as an alternative feed ingredient. Results showed that SBF had higher content of crude protein, acid detergent insoluble crude proteins and neutral detergent insoluble crude protein than alfalfa hay and cornflake; cornflake had higher crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber content than SBF and alfalfa hay; alfalfa hay had higher crude fiber, crude ash, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and lignin level than SBF and cornflake. Also, significant differences were found on amino acid content among them (p<0.01). The most abundant amino acid in SBF was glutamate (123 g/kg DM), which is higher than in alfalfa hay (1.27%) or cornflake (1.58%). However, methionine (1.33%) and cysteine (1.53%) were the least abundant amino acids in SBF compared with cornflake or alfalfa hay. Furthermore, our study results exhibited that SBE comprise a good sources of minerals including ferrous (90.01 mg/kg) followed by zinc (20.50 mg/kg), magnesium (0.20 mg/kg) and sodium (0.03 mg/kg) as compared to cornflake and alfalfa hay. The present research findings, confirmed that the nutritional values of SBF are comparable to those of cornflake and alfalfa hay. Hence, SBF can be a better alternative feed ingredient for cornflake or alfalfa hay. However, feeding trials will be required to determine acceptability of SBF for ruminant production.