• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.415-422
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• 2005

Using stretch sensors, a stuttering treatment training device that improve the abnormal breathing of stutterer was designed and developed. To improve stutterer's inadequate breathing method that is one of principal reason of stammering, the device estimates breathing method by checking the changes of the stretch sensor's resistances those are put on the chest and abdomen of user. And a vocal exercise program that carry out exercises only when the user maintains the abdominal breathing was designed. Using a PIC16C711 device that includes an A/D convertor, a main controller was designed and the vocal exercises software was developed using Director and C program with graphic user interface for user convenience. The controller sends the resistance data of sensors to PC through the serial port and the software verifies the breathing method. And the device was designed that the RTS (request to send) pin of serial port in PC is used as a power source so that it can work without any battery or other power source. Three stutterers have carried out the clinical experiments using the implemented device for two months and the results showed it was excellent to alleviate the stuttering.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of whole body vibration combined breathing resistance on lung capacity and respiratory muscle and to suggest a mediation method for improvement of respiratory function and lung function in the future. Methods: This study was a preliminary study design of two groups of 54 healthy young adults who were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=27) with core exercise combined with respiratory resistance and whole body vibration and a control group with respiratory resistance and core exercise (n=27). All interventions consisted of 6 core exercises every 40 seconds and rest for 20 seconds. To compare the effects of intervention, we measured spirometry and respiratory muscle strength. Results: Both the experimental group and the control group showed a significant increase in Forced vital capacity (FVC) and Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) (p<.05). However, FEV1 and FEV1% were significantly increase only in the experimental group (p<.05). FVC, FEV1%, Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP), Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) showed more significant increase in the experimental group than the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that whole-body vibration combined breathing resistance is an effective intervention for people, with FVC, FEV1%, MIP, MEP increase.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2006

The performance of free-breathing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was studied experimentally and the effect of cathode separator structure on the cell performance was investigated. Cathode separators were used for the cell with $18cm^2$ active area. In channel type, the contact resistance is low, and the nature convection. which is strongly affected by the cross-sectional shape of cathode separator channel, is dominant in a cell performance. The maximum power density with $18cm^2$ active area is $105mW/cm^2$ using the 10mm depth and 2mm width channel. A computational analysis was optimum structure of free-breathing channel type PEMFC for robotic application.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2021

Purpose : It was to compare changes in respiratory function (pulmonary function, inspiratory function) after four weeks of inspiratory muscle strengthening training (diaphragmatic breathing with upper arm exercise, Power-Breathe breathing) for 36 healthy people. Methods : Subjects were randomly assigned to diaphragmatic breathing with upper arm exercise (Group I) and Power-breathe breathing (Group II) was conducted by the protocol for four weeks five times per week. As the main measurement method for comparison between groups For pulmonary function, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume at One second (FEV1) were used, and for inspiratory function, Maximum Inspiratory Capacity (MIC), Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP), and Maximum Inspiratory Flow Rate (MIFR) were used. Results : In changes in pulmonary function between groups, FVC and FEV₁ showed no significant difference, and in inspiratory function changes, MIC showed no significant difference, but in MIP and MIFR, Group B significantly improved over Group A. Conclusion : The progressive resistance training using the Power-breath device applied to the inspiratory muscle did not show a significant difference in the increase in the amount of air in the lungs and chest cage compared to the diaphragmatic breathing training accompanied by the upper arm exercise. However, by increasing the air inflow rate and pressure, it showed a more excellent effect on improving respiratory function.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.9
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• pp.546-555
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• 2020

Allergic rhinitis is a specific IgE mediated inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, characterized by symptoms such as rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, nasal obstruction, nasal and eye itching, and sneezing. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis varies according to country, age, and surveying methods, but it seems to increase worldwide, also in Korea. Prolonged mouth breathing caused by allergic rhinitis can produce muscular and postural alterations, causing alterations on the morphology, position, growth direction of the jaws, and malocclusion. Also, mouth breathing leads to dryness of the mouth, causing various oral diseases; gingivitis, halitosis, inflammation of tonsil, increased risk of dental caries and dental erosion. In dental clinic, using rapid maxillary expansion to persistent allergic rhinitis patients with narrow maxilla can enlarge maxillary dental arch and nasal cavity anatomy, improving nasal breathing and reducing nasal cavity resistance. However, it is desirable to use along with otolaryngologic treatment. Dentists should be aware of the characteristics of allergic rhinitis and its effects on patients, and consider when planning dental treatment.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.232-239
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• 2013

In this study, 25gsm melt-blown polypropylene nonwoven for dust-proof/medical masks was finished by the corona discharging treatment. The influence of corona discharging parameters on the filtration efficiency was investigated. Several parameters such as discharging voltage, discharging speed, distance to discharging wire and configuration of discharging system had an effect on filtration efficiency, while the parameters had no effect on breathing resistance. Optimum corona discharging conditions are as follows: Wires were installed on the upper part of the nonwoven and paper pipe was installed on the lower part of the nonwoven having a distance of 5cm. The sequence of wire voltages was +60 kV, +60 kV, 0, -60 kV, and -60 kV. The discharging voltage and speed were 60 kV and 30m/min respectively. The nonwoven treated by corona discharging at the optimum condition showed a filtration efficiency of 80% or more, which is suitable for dust-proof/medical masks.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 2006

This study investigates drying condition when a small fan is added to a operating the free-breathing proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) with dry $H_2$ and Air. Polarization tests were conducted on PEMFCs at cell temperatures between 30 and $50^{\circ}C$ under dry operation. In the results, the cell performance strongly depended on the cell temperature and the cathode gas stoichiometric flow rates. The cell performance increases as cell temperature decreases from 50 to $30^{\circ}C$. In the domain where the stoichiometry of air is quite large, reduction of the concentration overpotential compensated the increased internal resistance due to drying. The maximum performance was obtained at the small air flow rate beyond which flooding occurs. This indicates that the fan should be operated in the stoichiometry domain with a well designed cell structure to avoid flooding.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2001

In 2000, the number of people aged 65 and over increased to 3.37 million, accounting for 7.1% of the total population of South Korea. The elderly population will increase up to 19.3% in 2030. Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) seems to increase with age. More than 50-60% of old people complain of SDB-related signs and symptoms including awakening headache, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, personality changes, and depression. The influence of a mild degree of SDB upon the elderly is unclear, but moderate to severe SDB is well known to be associated with many diseases including hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, stroke, dementia, and sudden death. Therefore, physicians should pay attention to elderly patients who complain of SDB related symptoms and signs that may not be normal signs of aging. Physicians need to become more sensitive to treat SDB in the elderly.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2009

Cylinder shaped air-breathing PEMFC has been developed to have small volume, low contact resistance and better air accessibility to the open cathode. This cylinder shaped design consists of an anode cylinder with helical flow channel and a cathode current collector with slits. The pressure distribution measurement according to the shapes was performed. The test result indicated that cylinder shaped fuel cell has better pressure distribution compared with the planar shaped fuel cell. The better pressure distribution was connected to the higher performance. The maximum power density of cylinder shaped fuel cell was about 20% higher than the planar shaped fuel cell. The maximum power density of the developed cylinder shaped air-breathing PEMFC with dry hydrogen was $220\;mW/cm^2$ and with humidified hydrogen was $293\;mW/cm^2$.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.63-66
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• 2011

It has been controversial whether upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a distinct syndrome or not since it was reported in 1993. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders classified UARS under obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in 2005. UARS can be diagnosed when the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is fewer than 5 events per hour, the simultaneously calculated respiratory disturbance index (RDI) is more than 5 events per hour due to abnormal non-apneic non-hypopneic respiratory events accompanying respiratory effort related arousals (RERAs), and oxygen saturation is greater than 92% at termination of an abnormal breathing event. Although esophageal pressure measurement remains the gold standard for detecting subtle breathing abnormality other than hypopnea and apnea, nasal pressure transducer has been most commonly used. RERAs include phase A2 of cyclical alternating patterns (CAPs) associated with EEG changes. Symptoms of OSAS can overlap with UARS, but chronic insomnia tends to be more common in UARS than in OSAS and clinical symptoms similar with functional somatic syndrome are also more common in UARS. In this journal, diagnostic and clinical differences between UARS and OSAS are reviewed.