• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.52-63
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• 1987

Il-primigravidas who visited antenatal clinic and their husbands were taught lamaze childbirth education by the investigator in the third trimester of pregnancy. Lamaze childbirth educational course consisted of six weekly class totaling twelve hours of instruction. A questionnaire was adminstered to subjects for the evaluation of Lamaze educational Program. 21-questions were rated on a Likert-type scale containing five responses and subjects described the advantages, the disadvantage, and the difficulties of lamaze childbirth education course. The results of the study were as follows; 1. The core contents of lamaze childbirth educational Program were Process of labor, anatomy and physiology of the female body, the care of newborn, maternal-infant attachment, breathing patterns to be used at the appropriate stage of labor, techniques for conscious relaxation of muscles during labor and delivery, and exercise to limber and prepare the body for the work of labor and delivery. All couples understood the above core contents very well and there were not significant differences between the understanding scores of wives and those of husbands (p>0.05). 2. 81.8% of couples Practiced breathing pattern to be used at the appropriate stages of labor one or three times a day and 72.7% of couples practiced conscious relaxation of muscles one or three times a day. 3. The contents of Lamaze childbirth educational program were easy for the couples to understand, and the total length, the amounts and the structures of 6-classes were appropriate. 4. Lamaze childbirth educational program was very useful, necessary, interesting, and successful to achieve the couples' objectives. 5. The couples expressed that they had positive attitude and high self-esteem, and reduced their anxiety on the pregnancy and labor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.433-444
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• 2020

This study proposes a method to improve the sleep stage and efficiency estimation of sleep apnea patients using a UWB (Ultra-Wideband) radar. Motion and respiration extracted from the radar signal were used. Respiratory signal disturbances by motion artifacts and irregular respiration patterns of sleep apnea patients are compensated for in the preprocessing stage. Preprocessing calculates the standard deviation of the respiration signal for a shift window of 15 seconds to estimate thresholds for compensation and applies it to the breathing signal. The method for estimating the sleep stage is based on the difference in amplitude of two kinds of smoothed respirations signals. In smoothing, the window size is set to 10 seconds and 34 seconds, respectively. The estimated feature was processed by the k-nearest neighbor classifier and the feature filtering model to discriminate between the sleep periods of the rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM). The feature filtering model reflects the characteristics of the REM sleep that occur continuously and the characteristics that mainly occur in the latter part of this stage. The sleep efficiency is estimated by using the sleep onset time and motion events. Sleep onset time uses estimated features from the gradient changes of the breathing signal. A motion event was applied based on the estimated energy change in the UWB signal. Sleep efficiency and sleep stage accuracy were assessed with polysomnography. The average sleep efficiency and sleep stage accuracy were estimated respectively to be about 96.3% and 88.8% in 18 sleep apnea subjects.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2016

Objectives There was a correlation between respiratory index and Profile of Mood States (POMS). However, no study has examined the relationship between hyperventilation and POMS. Therefore, this study showed differences in POMS subscales and respiratory patterns between hyperventilation group and normal group. Methods 20 healthy men and women were to complete Nijmegen and Korean-Profile of Mood States(K-POMS) questionnaire aimed at subjects (13 men, 12 women). By attaching a capnometer to the nasal cavity portion, end-tidal $PCO_2$ was measured. Also, marker was attached at Zhangmen, Juque, Shuifen. The movement of the marker was taken as a web cam. Statistical analysis Mann Whitney U test was used for the nonparametric methods. Results In the subscale of K-POMS were significant differences(Tension-0.001, Anger-0.007, Fatigue-0.002, Depression -0.004) between the normal group and the group with the hyperventilation. In addition, between the two groups were obtained a significant result(0.046) in the movement of the Shuifen acupoint. Conclusions Nijmegen questionnaire score is higher, the higher negative subscale scores of K-POMS. Also, differences in Nijmegen questionnaire score may help to determine the presence or absence of the abdominal breathing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.77-83
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study examined the changes in the respiratory function when PNF chopping and lifting patterns were used in chronic stroke patients METHOD: The subjects were 30 patients diagnosed with chronic stroke. The respiratory function (FVC, FEV₁, and FEV₁/FVC) were measured by spirometry. Thirty subjects were divided randomly into an experimental group to which 15 PNF chopping and lifting were applied and a control group to which chest breathing exercise was performed. The intervention was conducted three times a week for six 6 weeks. To examine the effects of intervention, the pre- and post-intervention values for each group were compared using a paired t-test. An independent t-test was used to compare the differences in the values of changes pre- and post-intervention in the two groups. Statistical significance was set to .05. RESULTS: Satistically significant differences in FVC and FEV₁ were observed in both the experimental group and control group according to the intervention (p < .05). A statistically significant difference was found in FVC and FEV₁ compared to values of changes pre- and post-intervnetion between the experimental and control groups. There was no difference in FEV₁/FVC. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that PNF chopping and lifting can be applied as an excellent respiratory intervention program compared to general chest breathing exercises to improve respiratory function in stroke patients.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2008

Respiration is induced by muscular contraction of the chest and abdomen, resulting in the abdominal volume change. Thus, continuous measurement of the abdominal dimension enables to monitor breathing activity. Conductive rubber cord has been previously introduced and tested to develop wearable application for respiratory measurements. The present study implemented wireless wearable respiratory monitoring system with the conductive rubber cord in the patient's pants. Signal extraction circuitry was developed to obtain the abdominal circumference changes reflecting the lung volume variation caused by respiratory activity. Wireless transmission was followed based on the zigbee communication protocol in a size of 65mm${\times}$105mm easily put in pocket. Successful wireless monitoring of respiration was performed in that breathing frequency was accurately estimated as well as different breathing patterns were easily recognized from the abdominal signal. $CO_2$ inhalation experiment was additionally performed in purpose of quantitative estimation of tidal volume. Air mixed with $0{\sim}5%\;CO_2$was inhaled by 4 normal males and the respiratory air flow rate, abdominal dimension change, and end tidal $CO_2$ concentration were simultaneously measured in steady state. $CO_2$ inhalation increased the tidal volume in normal physiological state with a correlation coefficient of 0.90 between the tidal volume and the end tidal $CO_2$ concentration. The tidal volume estimated from the abdominal signal linearly correlated with the accurate tidal volume measured by pneumotachometer with a correlation coefficient of 0.88 with mean relative error of approximately 8%. Therefore, the tidal volume was accurately estimated by measuring the abdominal dimension change.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.246-250
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• 2000

The oral screen is a functional appliance, suitable for the treatment of developing malocclusion associated with aberrant muscular patterns. The better muscle balance between tongue and the buccinator mechanism can be established, and the reestablishment of normal growth and development can be achieved. The oral screen can be used for the correction of the following conditions : (1) thumbsucking, tongue thrusting and lip biting, (2) mouth breathing, (3) mild distocclusion with premaxillary protrusion, (4) open bites in deciduous and mixed dentition, and (5) incompetent lips. The patient should wear the oral screen every night and also during the day whenever possible. The effects of oral screen can be elevated through lip seal exercise : the lips should be kept in contact all the time to improve the lip seal. In the presented two cases, the patients were considered mouth breathers and to have incompetent lips, and one patient with maxillary incisal protrusion and the other with open bite. They were instructed to wear the oral screen with lip seal exercise. After wearing the appliance for 1 and 2 years respectively, mouth breathing was decreased and lip length and strength were increased, the maxillary incisors were retruded and open bite reduced.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2016

Purpose : To evaluate the usefulness of the breathing exercise,we analyzed the change in the RPM signal and the diaphragm imagebefore 4D respiratory gated radiation therapy planning of lung cancer patients. Materials and Methods : The breathing training was enforced on 11 patients getting the 4D respiratory gated radiation therapy from April, 2016 until August. At the same time, RPM signal and diaphragm image was obtained respiration training total three steps in step 1 signal acquisition of free-breathing state, 2 steps respiratory signal acquisition through the guide of the respiratory signal, 3 steps, won the regular respiration signal to the description and repeat training. And then, acquired the minimum value, maximum value, average value, and a standard deviation of the inspiration and expiration in RPM signal and diaphragm image in each steps. Were normalized by the value of the step 1, to convert the 2,3 steps to the other distribution ratio (%), by evaluating the change in the interior of the respiratory motion of the patient, it was evaluated breathing exercise usefulness of each patient. Results : The mean value and the standard deviation of each step were obtained with the procedure 1 of the RPM signal and the diaphragm amplitude as a 100% reference. In the RPM signal, the amplitudes and standard deviations of four patients (36.4%, eleven) decreased by 18.1%, 27.6% on average in 3 steps, and 2 patients (18.2%, 11 people) had standard deviation, It decreased by an average of 36.5%. Meanwhile, the other four patients (36.4%, eleven) decreased by an average of only amplitude 13.1%. In Step 3, the amplitude of the diaphragm image decreased by 30% on average of 9 patients (81.8%, 11 people), and the average of 2 patients (18.2%, 11 people) increased by 7.3%. However, the amplitudes of RPM signals and diaphragm image in 3steps were reduced by 52.6% and 42.1% on average from all patients, respectively, compared to the 2 steps. Relationship between RPM signal and diaphragm image amplitude difference was consistent with patterns of movement 1, 2 and 3steps, respectively, except for No. 2 No. 10 patients. Conclusion : It is possible to induce an optimized respiratory cycle when respiratory training is done. By conducting respiratory training before treatment, it was possible to expect the effect of predicting the movement of the lung which could control the patient's respiration. Ultimately, it can be said that breathing exercises are useful because it is possible to minimize the systematic error of radiotherapy, expect more accurate treatment. In this study, it is limited to research analyzed based on data on respiratory training before treatment, and it will be necessary to verify with the actual CT plan and the data acquired during treatment in the future.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.50-56
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• 2016

Purpose: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is one of the most common problems in childhood. NE has a multifactorial etiology and is influenced by sleep and arousal mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate sleep problems and patterns in children with NE compared with normal healthy controls. Methods: Twenty-eight children with NE and 16 healthy controls were included in the study. To evaluate sleep habits and disturbances, parents and children filled out a questionnaire that included items about sleep patterns and sleep-related behaviors prior to treatment for NE. Demographic factors and other data were compared for the two groups based on the responses to the sleep questionnaire. Results: Night awakening, sleepwalking, and periodic limb movements were more prevalent in children with NE, but symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing were not increased in this group. There were statistically significant differences in periodic limb movements and daytime sleepiness between the two groups. Conclusion: Children with NE seemed to have more sleep problems such as night awakening, sleepwalking, and periodic limb movements. In addition, a higher level of daytime sleepiness and hyperactivity in patients with NE suggested a relationship between NE and sleep disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.271-286
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• 2015

This study presented functional designs for development of functional compression wear for men in their forties based on body muscles as well as designed 2D patterns using 3D standard body form data of men in their forties. Patterns with an optimal stretch rate were proposed through a comfort evaluation. Different material was used for different areas such as the sports ability strengthening areas including body parts that often move for sports (such as the shoulders, abdomen and lower arm), areas that require ventilation for perspiration (such as the chest and back center, and armpits), and stable form areas (such as the chest, waist and elbows). The front and back surface areas of the developed pattern was an average 102.4% size compared to the body surface area. The results indicated that the 90% reduction pattern showed changes in pressure value according to area of movement, had the best breathability when worn, and had the best, most comfortable fit compared to the other subjects. The clothing pressure values of the pattern were around 22.1-23.4mmHg for the arm area (which has a big movement range and has many muscles) and 10.4-11.8mmHg for chest and abdomen areas related to major organs and breathing, indicating appropriate clothing pressure. A compression wear top pattern with pressure appropriate to the target age range and excellent appropriateness for the body form will be developed for men in their forties. A study method will be proposed to develop design technology for ergonomic compression wear tops with excellent fit and comfort.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2016

Purpose: This study is a qualitative research to identify new nurses' adaptation experience to sleep changes. Method: Grounded theory methodology was utilized. Participants were 10 new nurses from one university hospital. The information was collected and analyzed using the grounded theory of Corbin and Strauss'(2008). Results: Through constant comparative analysis, central phenomenon was identified as 'Shaky daily life due to the sleep change'. A core category emerged as 'In the shaky daily life, go grab my position', Causal conditions were 'Heaviness in shift work', 'Not released after getting off work', and 'Body and mind are exhausted'. Context were 'An environment that does not tolerate mistakes' and 'Clogged breathing due to worries'. Intervening factors were 'Support of colleagues', 'Recovery volition in restoration of altered relationships due to sleep'. Action/Interaction Strategies were 'To strive for a good sleep', 'Require a reasonable duty schedule' and 'Find a breakthrough'. Consequences were 'Become the master of shaky daily life' and 'Accepting the life of a nurse'. Conclusion: New nurses experience sleep patterns changes from the hospital shift system. but throughout the process of adaptation, came to accept sleep disorder as part of the life of a nurse.