Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence (한국산업융합학회 논문집)

The Korean Society of Industry Convergence (한국산업융합학회)
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Noncontact Sleep Efficiency and Stage Estimation for Sleep Apnea Patients Using an Ultra-Wideband Radar

UWB 레이더를 사용한 수면무호흡환자에 대한 비접촉방식 수면효율 및 수면 단계 추정

  • Park, Sang-Bae (Department of Unmanned Vehicle Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Automotive Engineering, Kookmin University) ;
  • Kim, Jung-Ha (Department of Automobile and IT Convergence, Kookmin University)
  • 박상배 (국민대학교 자동차전문대학원) ;
  • 김정하 (국민대학교 자동차IT융합학과)
  • Received : 2020.04.06
  • Accepted : 2020.05.15
  • Published : 2020.06.30
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Abstract

This study proposes a method to improve the sleep stage and efficiency estimation of sleep apnea patients using a UWB (Ultra-Wideband) radar. Motion and respiration extracted from the radar signal were used. Respiratory signal disturbances by motion artifacts and irregular respiration patterns of sleep apnea patients are compensated for in the preprocessing stage. Preprocessing calculates the standard deviation of the respiration signal for a shift window of 15 seconds to estimate thresholds for compensation and applies it to the breathing signal. The method for estimating the sleep stage is based on the difference in amplitude of two kinds of smoothed respirations signals. In smoothing, the window size is set to 10 seconds and 34 seconds, respectively. The estimated feature was processed by the k-nearest neighbor classifier and the feature filtering model to discriminate between the sleep periods of the rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM). The feature filtering model reflects the characteristics of the REM sleep that occur continuously and the characteristics that mainly occur in the latter part of this stage. The sleep efficiency is estimated by using the sleep onset time and motion events. Sleep onset time uses estimated features from the gradient changes of the breathing signal. A motion event was applied based on the estimated energy change in the UWB signal. Sleep efficiency and sleep stage accuracy were assessed with polysomnography. The average sleep efficiency and sleep stage accuracy were estimated respectively to be about 96.3% and 88.8% in 18 sleep apnea subjects.

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