• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.526-538
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• 2016

Breast cancer surgery result in changes in clothing style due to changes in the size of the breast as well as body shape. This study provides basic data as a fashion therapy to improve the quality of life for breast cancer patients who have to change clothing habits after surgery. The regression results found that the most important factor are pain and the amount of breast loss for clothes style changes after breast cancer surgery. Breast cancer patients suffer pain relative to the proximity to the date of surgery and regardless of the breast cancer resection range. However, the changes in clothes style relates to the amount of pain and breast reduction range. The t-test results on the change of the clothing styles for before and after breast cancer surgery showed that women significantly prefer comfortable clothes with sleeves and consider a closure style on clothes to put on and take off instead of clothes that are tight-fitting, have thin fabric or deep neck lines. Painful breast cancer results in women who prefer closure style on clothes, front closure clothes and garments that hide body shape. However, the larger reduction range of breast cancer patients and those with painful breast cancer prefer garments that hide body shape and are looser size clothes with sleeves.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.138-150
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• 2013

This study investigates changes in body size (as well as fit) before/after wear, according to the breast and brassiere type. To offer producers basic data on how to develop excellent brassieres, we accordingly conducted preliminary research on 183 20's women. The research revealed that breast-related size and fit change by about 10%; however, the upper length and inner length of breasts decreases. The fit of domed ones is the best and the fit of the elongated ones is the worst; subsequently, a closer representation of the ideal breast leads to a better fit to wear.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.256-258
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• 2010

Purpose: Predicting the change in breast size for a specific patient's need is a challenging problem in breast augmentation. We intended to investigate the postaugmentation degree of breast size according to the size of cohesive silicone gel implant. Methods: To predict post-augmentation breast size, we measured 100 patients' pre-and postoperative 3 month's bust circumference. All patients were performed by total subfascial breast augmentation with moderate profile cohesive silicone gel implant through areolar omega (transareolar-perinipple) incision. Results: According to this study, each additional one pair of 100 mL in implant size yielded an approximate 1.5 cm increase in bust circumference (p=0.006). Conclusion: From this result, we conclude that each additional one pair of 100 mL in implant volume yielded about 1.5 cm increase in bust circumference. Although this result may not be applied to every patient, we believe that it yields a practical chart that can help to predict the amount of increase in breast size with the use of cohesive silicone gel implant of a specific size preoperatively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2010

This paper analyzes how to measure breast volume and the change in breast volume after wearing a brassiere. Measurement using a breast replica is used to measure the breast volume of 41 women in their twenties. The rate of persons having flat and hemispherical breast are high. The majority of subjects are size 75A, 80A, and 75B, and their under-bust size is 70. The current size specification should be refined for fitting according as the girth under bust decreases. The correlation between breast volume and the circumference of the breasts was high. It was more reliable to set up the cup size of a brassiere using the breast circumference. The mean breast volume is 263.68cc (nude) and the total volume wearing brassiere is 342.05cc. The volume difference according to wearing a brassiere is 78.37cc, which is less than the brassiere volume itself. The results show, the less breast volume of a subject, then the greater volume in wearing a brassiere.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.631-635
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• 2012

Background The evaluation of a breast after breast reconstruction depends on a surgeon's subjective criteria. We used computed tomography (CT) scans to obtain an objective evaluation of the postoperative results by measuring the breast volume of patients who had undergone breast reconstruction using pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flaps. This research will help in the objective postoperative evaluation of reconstructed breasts, and also in the preoperative flap size designs. Methods A total of 27 patients underwent breast reconstruction using pedicled TRAM flaps after mastectomy from September 2007 to July 2010. Of these, 10 patients who were followed up and underwent CT scans 2 or more times during the follow-up period were included in this study. We evaluated the change in breast volume over time using CT scans, and the interval breast volume change between CT scans. Results All of the 10 patients' reconstructed breasts showed a volume decrease over time. The breast volume changes in the intervals between CT scans were as follows: 5.65% decrease between the first CT and second CT scan, 2.3% decrease between the second CT and third CT scan, (statistically significant) and 1.89% decrease between the third CT and forth CT scan. (not statistically significant). Conclusions This research shows the possibility of objectively evaluating the postoperative breast volume changes. The findings will be helpful in designing the size of TRAM flaps to use on defects after mastectomy. Based on these results, we should also closely observe the reconstructed breast volume for at least 2 years.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.892-907
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare torso pattern made by draping and flat pattern method in terms of the size of breast. The size of this study was classified as 75A and 75D according to the size of breast. Each torso pattern by the combination of the size and pattern method was compared and analyzed. In order to test the fit of the draping and flat pattern that was developed according to the size of breast, the outer appearance was evaluated. The results of the study were as follows: First, The most striking size difference was difference between the front and the back on bust line level, which decides on position of the side seam in comparison of size between draping and flat pattern of 75A and 75D. In the flat pattern, the difference between the front and the back in the size of breast was consistent regardless of a change in the size of breast. However, in the draping, the bigger breast led to the bigger difference between the front and the back on bustline level. Second, the flat pattern in 75D was evaluated to be the worst in 27 items among total 46 items for the evaluation of outer appearance in the draping and flat pattern of 75A and 75D. Third, regardless of size, the draping was evaluated to be more suitable in the areas related to neck, arm hole, and waist dart than the flat pattern. These results are suggesting that the draping is a method of reflecting characteristic of the body type more accurately than the flat pattern, and that the draping is a more suitable method than the flat pattern for the design of clothing pattern of the body type with big breast like 75D.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.416-420
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• 2005

Ideal results of augmentation mammaplasty consist of symmetry, natural shape, soft feeling and inconspicuous scar. In addition, patient's preferences about size and shape should be included. Static implants could not perfectly satisfy patients' desires for size and shape, but expandable implants enable to change the volume after the operation. From September 2001 to September 2004, 76 patients(150 breasts) underwent breast augmentation using permanent expandable implant. The procedure was unilateral in 2 women and bilateral in 74 women. Age ranged from 19 to 50 years(mean, 29 years). Fifty nine patients underwent simple augmentation mammaplasty, 7 patients were corrected of their severe asymmetry, 2 patients with the congenital breast deformity underwent mammaplasty using this, and 2 patients who had undergone unilateral mastectomy were reconstructed of their breasts using expandable implant. There were no definite complications such as capsular contracture, implant rupture, asymmetry. And there reported little dissatisfaction about the size. The permanent expandable implants might be good alternatives in cases of ordinary breast augmentation as well as tissue deficient patients, asymmetry, congenital anomaly, and breast reconstruction.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.486-503
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• 2022

This study explored the physiochemical and rheological properties of chicken breast sausages containing red ginseng marc (RGM) which contains useful components but is discarded. When compared to the control group, the use of RGM significantly increased the water holding capacity (WHC) as the particle size increased. As for the change in color value, addition of RGM resulted in an increase in a and b values; as the quantity was increased and particle size decreased, the a and b values increased significantly. The smaller the particle size of RGM, the greater was the radical scavenging activity. According to the results of the measurement of the viscoelasticity of chicken breast sausage containing RGM, the G' and G'' values increased with increasing amounts of RGM and particle size. Neither the addition of RGM nor its amount or particle size had any significant effect on gel formation temperature. The texture profile analysis (TPA) experiment examined the average TPA measurements of each sample under different measurement conditions, and no significant difference between the RGM and control groups were observed. In conclusion, when RGM is used in chicken breast sausages, the WHC, antioxidant capacity, and viscoelastic properties are affected. RGM can possibly be utilized in high value-added processed meat products if its quantity and particle size are altered based on product characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.285-291
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• 2020

There is a growing interest in breast augmentation surgery, which can most effectively maximize femininity, among modern women around the world. However, breast augmentation surgery is considered one of the most terrifying surgeries many women are afraid of, as many cases of its side effects have been reported. As a way to provide a complementary method to deal with it, this study investigated the effects of a non-surgical breast enhancement program by stretching soft tissue of the breast. According to the results, there was no change in body weight and breast elasticity, but there were marked increases in breast cup size, breast diameter and volume of the women who used this program. The external soft tissue expansion system was found to be effective in Korean women's change of breast shape. On the other hand, users should use this system regularly for some period of time, and this would limit their social activities. Therefore, for the effective use of this system, its users should make individual efforts.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 2018

Background During breast augmentation, the transaxillary approach provides the advantage of allowing the mammary prosthesis to be placed through incisions that are remote from the breast itself, thereby reducing the visibility of postoperative scars. For patients experiencing capsular contracture who do not want additional scars, the previous transaxillary scar can be used for site change and implant exchange. Methods This study analyzed 17 patients (34 breasts) with submuscular breast implants with grade III-IV capsular contracture who received treatment from 2010 to 2015. The mean age of the patients was 29 years (range, 20-38 years). The inclusion criterion was a pinch test of more than 3 cm at the upper pole of the breast. Previous axillary scars were used to expose the pectoralis fascia, and submuscular breast implants were removed carefully. The dissection underneath the pectoralis fascia was performed with endoscopic assistance, using electrocautery under direct visualization. Results The mean follow-up period was 14 months (range, 6-24 months). The entire dissection plane was changed from the submuscular plane to the subfascial plane. Round textured gel implants were used, with a mean implant size of 220 mL (range, 160-300 mL). Two patients developed grade II capsular contracture. There were no cases of malposition or asymmetry. Three patients complained of minor implant palpability. None of the patients required additional surgery. Conclusions Endoscopic subfascial conversion may be an effective technique for treating capsular contracture and avoiding scarring of the breast in selected patients.