• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1134-1147
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• 2017

With the rise in popularity of photographic and video cameras, an increasing number of fields are now using thermal imaging cameras. One such application is in the diagnosis of breast cancer, as thermal imaging provides a low-cost and noninvasive method. Thermal imaging is particularly safe for pregnant women, and those with large, dense, or sensitive breasts. In addition, excessive doses of radiation, which may be used in traditional methods of breast cancer detection, can increase the risk of cancer. This paper presents one method of breast cancer detection. Breast images were taken using a thermal camera, with preliminary experiments conducted on Cambodian women. Then the experimental results were analyzed and compared using Shannon entropy and logistic regression.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.157-161
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• 2005

Medical infrared imaging is obtained by measuring the self-emitted infrared radiance from the human body. Infrared emission is related to surface temperature and temperature is one of the most important physiological parameters related to health. Though recent applications such as security identification and oriental medicine have provided new fields of biomedical applications, infrared thermography has had ups and downs in its usages in cancer detection. Some of the main difficulties include finding proper applications and efficient diagnostic algorithms. In this study, infrared thermal imaging was used to detect regional metastasis of breast cancer. Our measurements were done for 110 women. From 63 individuals of a Healthy Group and a Benign Breast Disease Group, we developed algorithms for differentiating malignant regional metastasis based on temperature difference and asymmetry of temperature distribution. Testing with 47 cancer patients, we achieved a positive predictive value of $87.5\%$ and a negative predictive value of $95.6\%$. The results were better than for mammogram examination. A proper analysis of infrared imaging proved to be a highly informative and sensitive method for differentiating regional cancer metastasis from normal regions.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.779-792
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• 2020

Recent advances in computer technology have generated a new area of research known as radiomics. Radiomics is defined as the high throughput extraction and analysis of quantitative features from imaging data. Radiomic features provide information on the gray-scale patterns, inter-pixel relationships, as well as shape and spectral properties of radiological images. Moreover, these features can be used to develop computational models that may serve as a tool for personalized diagnosis and treatment guidance. Although radiomics is becoming popular and widely used in oncology, many problems such as overfitting and reproducibility issues remain unresolved. In this review, we will outline the steps of radiomics used for oncology, specifically addressing applications for breast cancer patients and focusing on technical issues.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1327-1331
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• 2014

Background: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a new non-invasive, mobile screening method which does not use ionizing radiation to the human breast; allows conducting quantitative assessment of the images besides the visual interpretation. The aim of this study was to correlate the quantitative assessment and visual interpretation of breast electrical impedance tomographs and associated factors. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty mammography patients above 40 years and undergoing EIT were chosen using convenient sampling. Visual interpretation of the images was carried out by a radiologist with minimum of three years experience using the breast imaging - electrical impedance (BI-EIM) classification for detection of abnormalities. A set of thirty blinded EIT images were reinterpreted to determine the intra-rater reliability using kappa. Quantitative assessment was by comparison of the breast average electric conductivity with the norm and correlations with visual interpretation of the images were determined using Chi-square. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean electrical conductivity between groups and t-test was used for comparisons with pre-existing Caucasians statistics. Independent t-tests were applied to compare the mean electrical conductivity of women with factors like exogenous hormone use and family history of breast cancer. Results: The mean electrical conductivity of Malaysian women was significantly lower than that of Caucasians (p<0.05). Quantitative assessment of electrical impedance tomography was significantly related with visual interpretation of images of the breast (p<0.05). Conclusions: Quantitative assessment of electrical impedance tomography images was significantly related with visual interpretation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.2939-2943
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• 2014

Background: While many studies have shown that hormones can influence background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) in breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), only few have directly address the effect of radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of radiotherapy on BPE in breast MRI. Materials and Methods: A retrospective search identified 62 women with unilateral breast cancer who had a breast MRI both before and after radiotherapy following breast-conserving surgery. In our study, we assumed that systemic therapy affected both breasts equivalently. We rated the level of BPE of both breasts using a four-point categorical scale. A change in the level of BPE prior to and after treatment was compared in the diseased and contralateral breasts. Results: All patients received a 4256 to 6480 cGy dose of whole breast radiotherapy over 3-7 weeks. The mean timing of the follow-up study was 6.6 months after completion of radiotherapy. Although the BPE showed a decrease in both breasts after treatment, there was a significant reduction of BPE in the irradiated breast compared with the contralateral breast (1.18 versus 0.98 average reduction in BPE level, p=0.042). Conclusions: Radiotherapy is associated with decrease in BPE with MRI.

• Journal of Breast Cancer
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.453-462
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM) and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) in preoperative evaluations, and to evaluate the effect of each modality on the surgical management of women with breast cancer. Methods: This single-center, prospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. From November 2016 to October 2017, 84 patients who were diagnosed with invasive carcinoma (69/84) and ductal carcinoma in situ (15/84), and underwent both CEDM and CEMRI, were enrolled. Imaging findings and surgical management were correlated with pathological results and compared. The diagnostic performance of both modalities in the detection of index and secondary cancers (multifocality and multicentricity), and occult cancer in the contralateral breast, was compared. The authors also evaluated whether CEDM or CEMRI resulted in changes in the surgical management of the affected breast due to imaging-detected findings. Results: Eighty-four women were included in the analysis. Compared with CEMRI, CEDM demonstrated a similar sensitivity (92.9% [78/84] vs. 95.2% [80/84]) in detecting index cancer (p=0.563). For the detection of secondary cancers in the ipsilateral breast and occult cancer in the contralateral breast, no significant differences were found between CEDM and CEMRI (p=0.999 and p=0.999, respectively). Regarding changes in surgical management, CEDM resulted in similar changes compared with CEMRI (30.9% [26/84] vs. 29.7% [25/84], p=0.610). Regarding changes in surgical management due to false-positive findings, no significant differences were found between CEDM and CEMRI (34.6% [9/26] vs. 44.0% [11/25], p=0.782). Conclusion: CEDM demonstrated a diagnostic performance comparable with CEMRI in depicting index cancers, secondary cancers, and occult cancer in the contralateral breast. CEDM demonstrated similar changes in surgical management compared with CEMRI.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2016

Purpose Mammography is the most widely used scan for the early diagnosis since it is possible to observe the anatomy of the breast. however, The sensitivity is markedly reduced in high-risk patients with dense breast. Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI) sacn is possible to get the high resolution functional imaging, and This new neclear medicine technique get the more improved diagnostic information through It is useful for confirmation of tumor's location in dense breast. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of MBI for tumor diagnosis in patients with dense breast. Materials and Methods We investigated 10 patients female breast cancer with dense breast type who had visited the hospital from September 1st to Octorber 10th, 2015. The patients underwent both MBI and Mammography. MBI (Discovery 750B; General Electric Healthcare, USA) scan was 99mTc-MIBI injected with 20 mCi on the opposite side of the arm with the lesions, after 20 minutes, gained bilateral breast CC (CranioCaudal), MLO (Medio Lateral Oblique) View. Mammography was also conducted in the same posture. MBI and Mammography images were compared to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of each case utilizing both image and two images in blind tests. Results The results of the blind test for breast cancer showed that the sensitivity of Mammography, MBI scan was 63%, 89%, respectively, and that their specificity was 38%, 87%, respectively. Using both the Mammography and MBI scan was Sensitivity 92%, specificity 90%. Conclusion This research has found that, The tumor of dense tissue that can not easily distinguishable in Mammography is possible to more accurate diagnosis since It is easy to visually evaluation. But MBI sacn has difficulty imaging microcalcificatons, If used in conjunction with mammography it is thought to give provide more diagnostic information.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2012

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis of digital mammography which is in the highest interest of breast imaging test, and to investigate the characteristics of breast cancer patients. For this purpose, 57 breast cancer patients who underwent breast imaging test were examined between May 2010 and June 2011. The average age of the breast cancer patients was 50.8 years old, and the most frequently occurring location was the upper outer quadrant (UOQ), accounting for 33.3%. By age, the highest occurrence rate of breast cancer was the age group of 40~49, accounting for 42.1%. As for the breast composition of the breast cancer patients, fatty breast accounted for 31.6% (18/57) and dense breast for 68.4% (39/57), indicating that nearly 70% of the breast cancer patients have dense breast. It was found that the detection rate of breast cancer was the highest (45.3%) when both microcalcification and mass are simultaneously present in the radiographic lesion of the breast imaging. In dense breast, the mass without microcalcification was lower in detection rate than fatty breast. Accordingly, the mass is the cause of raising the false negative rate in dense breast. The findings show that the false negative rate of digital mammography was 7.0% and the sensitivity 93.0%. Also, the false negative rate of dense breast was 12.8%, and the sensitivity 87.2%, indicating that the sensitivity to breast cancer in this study was higher than the dense breast of previously reported screen film mammography.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2010

National Cancer Screening Project and Korean Society of Breast Imaging recommend that breast cancer screening should be performed on those aged 40 and above. Nevertheless, this recommendation is usually ignored by a number of medical institutions. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the necessity of an age limitation in screening mammography. Ten institutions were randomly selected and telephone inquiries about patients' age limitation and internal guidelines were set up. The 3,214 women, who underwent screening mammography through 'GE Senography 2000D' in each hospital, were classified into five groups according to age(from 20s to 40s, at intervals of 5). And then, collected data was analyzed by a radiologist in accordance with ACR-BIRADS(American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System), through which breast parenchymal density and the results of analysis were categorized in order to predict the sensitivity of mammography. Information about craniocaudal-view mammograms was automatically produced by use of GE Senography 2000D, and the average glandular dose was retrospectively analyzed through the program 'Excel 2007.' Two institutions did not set the age limitation. Other seven institutions internally allowed those who wanted to receive mammography regardless of age. Approximately 99% of those aged 20 to 29 were judged as having the dense breast. In those aged 35 to 39, breast parenchymal density tended to be lower, but the fatty breast to increase. In the case of 'category-zero' that does not need additional tests, the rate of 'heterogeneously dense' and 'extremely dense' reached to 83.1% and 15.1% respectively. Regarding dense breasts, there was no sufficient information for image reading. The glandular dose, applied to 3,214, was 1.47mGy on the average. In those aged 20 to 24 who are sensitive to radiation, the average glandular dose indicated 1.59mGy. Those aged 35 and above showed the lowest value, 1.43mGy. In those aged 35 to 39, the breast tended to change from denseness to fattiness. The average glandular dose was lowest in those aged 35 and above, which suggests that screening mammography should be periodically performed on those aged 35 and above in order that breast cancer may be early detected. On the other hand, in those aged less than 35, it is difficult to analyze mammograms due to the high density of breast parenchyma, and also retakes become frequent. In particular, subjects may be exposed to excessive doses. Accordingly, it should be substituted by breast self-examination or clinical breast examination. In case of need, it is advisable to perform ultrasonography.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.595-598
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• 2008

Emodin (3-methyl-1,6,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone) is a natural chemotherapeutic compound with diverse biological properties including an antitumor activity. Emodin, a specific inhibitor of the protein tyrosine kinase, has a number of cellular targets in related to it. Its inhibition activity affects the mammalian cell cycle regulation in specific oncogene. Practically, it has been proven to inhibit HER-2/neu tyrosine kinase expressing breast cancer cells as an anticancer agent. 2-[123I]iodoemodin has been synthesized and evaluated human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, fibroblast as a control) which express basal levels of HER-2/neu tyrosine kinase to investigate its suitability as a breast cancer imaging agent and 2-iodoemodin has been synthesized as a standard compound. The radiochemical yield of the 2-[123I]iodoemodin was about 72% and its radiochemical purity was over 97% after purification. The radioactivity of the 2-[123I]iodoemodin was increased in a time dependent manner in both cell lines and the ratio of MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 to fibroblast was 2.9 and 1.7, respectively.