• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to evaluate the anticancer effects of the isoflavone extract from Chungkukjang in human breast cancer, MDA-MB-453 cells. For this study, MDA-MB-453 cells were treated with 12.5, 25, and $50{\mu}g$ isoflavone extract for 24, 48, and 72 hr. Cell proliferations were decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Reduced cell proliferation was suspected by apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. Therefore, after treatment of $50{\mu}g$ isoflavone extract, apoptotic cells were investigated by annexin V staining. The results indicated that isoflavone extract increased the number of early apoptotic cells compared with control. Cleaved PARP was also increased. Next, we investigated the cell cycle and related proteins. The isoflavone extract leads to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Moreover isoflavone extract had influenced cell cycle relate proteins such as cyclin B1, cyclin A, and p21. These results suggest that isoflavone extract from Chungkukjang induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase via regulation of cell cycle-related proteins in MDA-MB-453 cells.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.635-640
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• 2005

Sentinel lymphnode biopsy is widely performed in the management of malignant melanoma and breast cancer. The sentinel lymphnode is the prime site of draining from the malignant lesion and of metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate a usefulness of lymphoscintigraphy in conjunction with a removal of sentinel lymphnodes of skin and soft tissue malignancy. We studied 11 patients selected between January, 2003 and November, 2004. Clinically sentinel lymphnodes free of metastasis were examined with lymphoscintigraphy, gamma detection probe and vital dye staining, and we reviewed histopathologic findings and inert status of the nodes and the results fo treatment. Nine cases were malignant melanoma, one was squamous cell carcinoma on the left hand and another one leiomyosarcoma. Sentinel lymphnodes were identified in all cases. Three cases of malignant melanoma had positive sentinel lymphnodes on histological examination. All patients with positive sentinel lymphnodes were treated with therapeutic regional lymphadectomy, chemotherapy and adjuvant regimen. Four patients underwent PET scanning and followed sentinel lymphnode biopsy. Two had no metastasis signs on PET scanning. Therapeutic lymphnode dissection was carried out upon the patients whose sentinel lymphnode was positive on PET scanning. We contend that lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel lymphnode biopsy are reliable to confirm regional lymphnode metastasis of the skin and soft tissue malignancy, and blind extensive lymphnode dissection can be spared.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2019

A bone metastasis is an important factor for prognosis and treatment of breast or prostate cancer patients. [$^{18}F$]Sodium fluoride ([$^{18}F$]NaF) is a PET radiopharmaceutical that can detect bone metastasis. Conventional [$^{18}F$]NaF production process included radioactive metal impurities because the product was prepared by adding saline after beam irradiation to $[^{18}O]H_2O$. In this study, we apply the method of removing radionuclidic impurities. To meet the criteria prescribed by GMP in quality control, we designed the custom-made [$^{18}F$]NaF automatic module. The mean radiochemical yield was $82.1{\pm}4.4%$ (n = 32) productions for 3 years) and the total preparation time was 4 min. The final produced [$^{18}F$]NaF solution meets the USP criteria for quality control. Thus, this fully automated system is validated for clinical use.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2006

Purpose: Post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMR) is known to decrease loco-regional recurrence. Adequate skin and dermal dose are achieved by adding bolus. The more difficult clinical issue is determining the necessary number of bolus treatment, given the limits of normal skin tolerance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the necessary number of bolus treatment after PMR in patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Four female breast cancer patients were included in the study. The median age was 53 years(range, $38{\sim}74$), tumor were left sided in 2 patients and right sided in 2patients. All patients were treated with postoperative radiotherapy after MRM. Radiotherapy was delivered to the chest wall (C.W) and supraclavicular lymph nodes (SCL) using 4 MV X-ray. The total dose was 50 Gy, in 2 Gy fractions (with 5 times a week). CT was peformed for treatment planning, treatment planning was peformed using $ADAC-Pinnacles^3$ (Phillips, USA) for all patients without and with bolus. Bolus treatment plans were generated using image tool (0.5 cm of thickness and 6 cm of width). Dose distribution was analyzed and the increased skin dose rate in the build-up region was computed and the skin dose using TLD-100 chips (Harshaw, USA) was measured. Results: No significant difference was found in dose distribution without and with bolus; C.W coverage was $95{\sim}100%$ of the prescribed dose in both. But, there was remarkable difference in the skin dose to the scar. The skin dose to the scar without and with bolus were $100{\sim}105%\;and\;50{\sim}75%$. The increased skin dose rates in the build-up region for Pt. 1, Pt. 2. Pt. 3 and Pt. 4 were 23.3%, 35.6%, 34.9%, and 41.7%. The results of measured skin dose using TLD-100 chips in the cases without and with bolus were 209.3 cGy and 161.1 cGy, 200 cGy and 150.2 cGy, 211.4 cGy and 160.5 cGy, 198.6 cGy and 155.5 cGy for Pt. 1, Pt. 2, Pt. 3, and Pt. 4. Conclusion: It was concludes through this analysis that the adequate number of bolus treatments is 50-60% of the treatment program. Further, clinical trial is needed to evaluate the benefit and toxicity associated with the use of bolus in PMR.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2008

Paclitaxel is a taxane diterpene amide, which was first extracted from the stem bark of the western yew, Taxus brevifolia. This natural product has proven to be useful in the treatment of a variety of human neoplastic disorders, including ovarian cancer, breast and lung cancer. Paclitaxel is a highly hydrophobic drug that is poorly soluble in water. It is mainly given by intravenous administration. Therefore, The pharmaceutical formulation of paclitaxel ($Taxol^{(R)}$; Bristol-Myers Squibb) contains 50% $Cremophor^{(R)}$ EL and 50% dehydrated ethanol. However the ethanol/Cremophor EL vehicle required to solubilize paclitaxel in $Taxol^{(R)}$ has a pharmacological and pharmaceutical problems. To overcome these problems, new formulations for paclitaxel that do not require solubilization by $Cremophor^{(R)}$ EL are currently being developed. Therefore this study utilized a supercritical fluid antisolvent (SAS) process for cremophor-free formulation. To select hydrophilic polymers that require solubilization for paclitaxel, we evaluated polymers and the ratio of paclitaxel/polymers. HP-${\beta}$-CD was used as a hydrophilic polymer in the preparation of the paclitaxel solid dispersion. Although solubility of paclitaxel by polymers was increased, physical stability of solution after paclitaxel/polymer powder soluble in saline was unstable. To overcome this problem, we investigated the use of surfactants. At 1/20/40 of paclitaxel/hydrophilic polymer/ surfactant weight ratio, about 10 mg/mL of paclitaxel can be solubilized in this system. Compared with the solubility of paclitaxel in water ($1\;{\mu}g/mL$), the paclitaxel solid dispersion prepared by SAS process increased the solubility of paclitaxel by near 10,000 folds. The physicochemical properties was also evaluated. The particle size distribution, melting point and amophorization and shape of the powder particles were fully characterized by particle size distribution analyzer, DSC, SEM and XRD. In summary, through the SAS process, uniform nano-scale paclitaxel solid dispersion powders were obtained with excellent results compared with $Taxol^{(R)}$ for the physicochemical properties, solubility and pharmacokinetic behavior.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.362-367
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• 2007

Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) has been proven for treatment of postmenopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats and urologic symptoms. HRT became very popular in the 1990's, when there were several reports showing that it also helped with other menopausal complications such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies report that the incidence of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, cerebral infarction, coronary artery diseases, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thrombembolism could rise after HRT. Among these side effects of HRT, the risk of pulmonary thromboembolism increases 2 to 4 fold after HRT, but can vary with the use of different doses and preparations. Here, we summarize the risk factors and clinical courses for 5 patients who developed pulmonary thromboembolism after postmenopausal HRT.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.31-43
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• 2005

Isoflavones are naturally occurring plant chemicals belonging to the 'phytoestrogen' class. The isoflavones are strikingly similar in chemical structure to natural estrogens. The phenolic ring is a key structural element of most compounds that bind to estrogen receptors. Dietary components that recently have received attention for their action as phytoestrogens are soy isoflavones. Soy products are the most significant dietary sources of isoflavones. Recently It is concerned clinical nutrition of isoflavone that is driven by reason of alternative sources of exogenous estrogen are constantly being needed. Estrogen therapy after the menopause offers protection from cardiovascular disease, reduces the extent of osteoporosis and relieves menopausal symptoms. Exogenous estrogen treatment is a fear of possible increased risk of developing breast cancer and because of side effects. Daily intake of soybean or soy food can affirmative effect to disease occurrence, that is based on mechanical investigation, experimental results of animals and human. Research into isoflavone is going on various field to relieve hormone - dependent disease such as cancer, menopausal symptom, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. Isoflavone is plenty in soybean meal, soy by-product, but only limited information is available on isoflavone efficacy into animal husbandry. Thus we conducted three experiments to investigate the effects of dietary isoflavone on productivities, antioxidative responses and bone metabolism in poultry. Dietary supplementation of isoflavone resulted in preventing the lipid oxidation of plasma and egg yolk. Dietary isoflavone improved bone development in egg-type growing chicks and broilers in terms of tibial strength. It was suggested that the proper use of feed additives such as isoflavone might provide means of improving antioxidative effect, skeletal strength, egg and eggshell quality.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1185-1189
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• 2015

Background: Chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) with solid tumors causes mortality and morbidity at a significant rate. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of filgastrim and lenograstim started with the first dose of antibiotics in hospitalized patients diagnosed with FN. Materials and Methods: Between February 2009 and May 2012, 151 patients diagnosed with FN were evaluated, retrospectively. In those considered appropriate for hospitalization, convenient antibiotic therapy with granulocyte colony stimulating factors was started within first 30 minutes by completing necessary examinations in accordance with FEN guide recommendations. Results: In this study, 175 febrile neutropenia attacks in 151 patients were examined. Seventy three of the patients were male and 78 were female. The average age was 53.6 and 53.6, respectively. The most common solid tumor was breast carcinoma in 38 (25%). One hundred and five FN patients (58%) were those who received granulocyte colony stimulating factors as primary prophylaxis. Conclusions: While studies comparing both drugs generally involve treatments started for prophylaxis, this study compared the treatment given during the febrile neutropenia attack. Compared to lenograstim, filgastrim shortens the duration of hospitalization during febrile neutropenia attack by facilitating faster recovery with solid tumors.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.152-159
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• 2012

Objectives: This study evaluated bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) in patients diagnosed with malignant bone tumors. Demographic findings, laboratory, and radiographic analyses were performed to characterize disease severity and progression. Materials and Methods: Patients who had been diagnosed with BRONJ (2005-2010) at the authors' hospital according to the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons were investigated. Twenty-one patients (12 with multiple myelomas, 7 with breast cancer, and 2 with prostate cancer) who had been treated with bisphosphonates (BPs) for malignant bone tumors were included. Radiographic evaluations with a panorama, computed tomography, whole body bone scan, and laboratory findings were evaluated for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), c-reactive proteins (CRPs), and c-terminal cross-linked telopeptides (CTXs). Results: The average age of the patients was 64.3 (range 51-80), and they were treated with BPs for an average of $35{\pm}19$ months before BRONJ was diagnosed. Types of BPs were zolendronic acid (81%, intravenous [IV]), pamidronate (4.8%, IV), zoledronic acid+pamidronate (4.8%, IV), alendronate (4.8%, per os [PO]), and ibadronate (4.75%, PO). Extraction (67%) and persistent irritation of dentures (20%) were the most common triggering factors. BRONJ in the mandible was reported in 62% of the cases, in the maxilla 24%, and both 14%. BRONJ occurred more frequently in patients with multiple myelomas (n=12, 57.1%). Most of the patients revealed an advanced BRONJ stage; Stage I (n=2, 9%), Stage II (n=13, 62%), and Stage III (n=6, 29%). Conclusion: The differences of the ESR, CRP, and CTX values between the BRONJ-recurring and non-recurring patients after the treatment were not evident. Later stage BRONJ patients showed lower CTX levels. A drug holiday after the diagnosis of BRONJ did not remarkably influence the surgical outcomes. However, the limited number of patients in the study should be considered.

• Journal of health informatics and statistics
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2018

Objectives: In recent years, there has been an increased need for a way to extract desired information from multiple medical literatures at once. This study was conducted to confirm the usefulness of unstructured data analysis using previously published medical literatures to search for new indications. Methods: The new indications were searched through text mining, network analysis, and topic modeling analysis using 5,057 articles of atorvastatin, a treatment for hyperlipidemia, from 1990 to 2017. Results: The extracted keywords was 273. In the frequency of text mining and network analysis, the existing indications of atorvastatin were extracted in top level. The novel indications by Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) were atrial fibrillation, heart failure, breast cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, combined hyperlipidemia, arrhythmias, multiple sclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, contrast-induced acute kidney injury and prostate cancer. Conclusions: Unstructured data analysis for discovering new indications from massive medical literature is expected to be used in drug repositioning industries.