• Journal of Breast Cancer
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.447-452
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The recent trend in breast cancer treatment is to minimize axillary dissection. However, no pattern of axillary metastasis has been precisely established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the metastatic lymphatic pattern using near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) in breast cancer with cytologically proven axillary metastasis. Methods: This was a prospective single-center study. We evaluated 147 patients with breast cancer involving cytologically proven axillary metastasis, and compared physiological and nonphysiological lymphatic metastasis. Results: We performed lymphatic mapping for 64 patients who exhibited level II lymphatic flow on near-infrared fluorescence imaging with ICG, and found that all had axillary metastasis: 51 patients who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and 13 patients post-NAC. Of patients who did not receive NAC, 32 had physiological lymphatic metastasis and 19 had nonphysiological lymphatic metastasis. The risk factors for nonphysiological lymphatic metastasis were age ${\geq}55$ years, high Ki-67 index (>20%), and perinodal extension in both univariate and multivariate analysis (p<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with identified risk factors in cytologically-proven axillary metastasis who did not receive NAC may have nonphysiological lymphatic metastasis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.4661-4664
• /
• 2012

Mammographic breast density is a known risk factor for breast cancer. To conduct a survey to estimate the distribution of mammographic breast density in Korean women, appropriate sampling strategies for representative and efficient sampling design were evaluated through simulation. Using the target population from the National Cancer Screening Programme (NCSP) for breast cancer in 2009, we verified the distribution estimate by repeating the simulation 1,000 times using stratified random sampling to investigate the distribution of breast density of 1,340,362 women. According to the simulation results, using a sampling design stratifying the nation into three groups (metropolitan, urban, and rural), with a total sample size of 4,000, we estimated the distribution of breast density in Korean women at a level of 0.01% tolerance. Based on the results of our study, a nationwide survey for estimating the distribution of mammographic breast density among Korean women can be conducted efficiently.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.2259-2263
• /
• 2016

Background: Mammographic density determined according paranchymal patterns is a risk factor for breast cancer and its relationships with body and other breast characteristics of women is important. The purpose of the present study was to correlate breast parenchymal patterns and mammography abnormality findings with women's BMI, compressed breast thickness (CBT) and age in Tabriz city, Iran. Materials and Methods: From 1,100 mammograms interpreted by radiologists, breast parenchymal was classified into four categories from Types 1 (mostly fatty) through 4 (mostly fibroglandular tissue). Age, BMI, and CBT were recorded and their relation with risk for the development of breast abnormalities in mammograms was analyzed. Results: In women with a mean age of $45.8{\pm}8.63years$ 17.7% were in the high density group (Type 3 and 4). A comparison of four types of breast paranchymal with BMI, CBT and age showed inverse relations to breast density. Abnormal mammographic findings were 25.8% of all reported mammograms with a circular mass (12.7%) as the most common abnormality. About 21% abnormal cases were in less than 40 years. Increasing of BMI had significant relation with breast abnormality but in CBT was not observed. Conclusions: Measurement of women's body characteristics is useful for assistance in mammography diagnosis as well as selection of imaging instrument by high sensitivity for following patient in future. The effects of age, CBT and BMI groups on the breast paranchymal were significant.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.2857-2861
• /
• 2014

More and more evidence indicates that the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene might be associated with susceptibility to breast carcinoma in humans being. However, individually published results have been inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene and breast carcinoma risk. A complete search strategy was done by the electronic databases including PubMed and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. A meta-analysis including seven individual studies was carried out in order to explore the association between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene polymorphisms and breast carcinoma. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene and breast carcinoma risk were assessed by the random-effects model. A significant relationship between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene and breast carcinoma was discovered in an allelic genetic model (OR: 1.214, 95%CI: 1.085-1.358, p=0.001), a homozygote model (OR: 1.663, 95%CI: 1.240-2.232, p=0.001), a heterozygote model (OR: 1.392, 95%CI: 1.190-1.629, p=0.000), a recessive genetic model (OR: 1.407, 95%CI: 1.060-1.868, p=0.018) and a dominant genetic model (OR: 1.427, 95%CI: 1.228-1.659, p=0.000). On sub-group analysis based on ethnicity, significance was observed between the European group and the mixed group. A significant relationship was found between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene and breast carcinoma risk. Individuals with the A allele of the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene are under a higher risk for breast carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권12호
• /
• pp.6207-6210
• /
• 2012

Introduction: Although a number of studies were published in the past several years on associations between hsa-mir-27a and cancer risk, the findings remain conflicting rather than conclusive. To derive a more precise effect on the association between SNP hsa-mir-27a rs895819 and breast cancer risk, we conducted a meta-analysis for the first time. Materials and Methods: Through retrieval from PubMed for the period up to August 2012, a total of four studies were identified with 3,287 cases and 4,298 controls for SNP hsa-mir-27a rs895819. We calculated summary odds ratio (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a fixed effects model (when the heterogeneity was absent, P>0.10). Otherwise, the random-effects model was used. Results: We found that hsa-mir-27a rs895819 polymorphism also did not reveal any relationship with breast cancer susceptibility (AG versus AA: OR = 0.98; 95%CI, 0.73-1.32; GG versus AA: OR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.72-1.03; AG/GG versus AA: OR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.74-1.14), while significantly decreased risk was found among Europeans in AG versus AA and AG/GG versus AA models tested (AG versus AA: OR = 0.83; 95%CI, 0.72-0.97; GG versus AA: OR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.71-1.05; AG/GG versus AA: OR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75-0.94). Conclusion: These findings suggest that hsa-mir-27a rs895819 polymorphism may play an important role in breast cancer development.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권18호
• /
• pp.7515-7520
• /
• 2014

Many studies have indicated possible associations between a polymorphism of adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) rs1342387 and risk of cancer, but contradictory results have been reported. The main aim of this study was to draw a reliable conclusion about the relationship between the rs1342387 polymorphism and cancer incidence, by conducting a literature search of Pubmed, Embase, Wanfang and Cochrane libraries. Eleven studies including 3, 738 cases and 4, 748 controls were identified in this meta-analysis. The ADIPOR1 rs1342387 polymorphism was associated with risk of colorectal cancer for all genetic comparison models (GG vs AA, OR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.21-1.70; G carriers vs A carriers, OR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.11-1.36; dominant model, OR: 1.28, 95%CI: 1.10-1.49 and recessive model, OR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.12-1.55). Stratified by ethnicity, the rs1342387 polymorphism was significantly associated with risk of colorectal cancer in Asian ancestry for all genetic comparison models (GG vs AA, OR: 1.56, 95%CI: 1.26-1.92; G carriers vs. A carriers OR: 1.30, 95%CI: 1.18-1.43; dominant model OR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.08-1.60 and recessive model OR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.26-1.64), but not in Caucasian or mixed (Caucasian mainly) groups. In summary, the ADIPOR1 rs1342387 polymorphism is significantly associated with risk of colorectal cancer among individuals of Asian ancestry.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.32-43
• /
• 2001

High risk breast cancer patients receive aggressive treatments such as APBSCT in order to prevent the recurrence. These treatments take a long time and decrease the quality of life of patients as a result. The purpose of this study is to examine when the changes of quality of life are dramatic in general and in specific dimension. This is a time series study of two types of treatment groups, in which 15 patients were treated by chemotherapy only and nine patients by auto-peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Subjects were in this study were stage III and above of breast cancer. Data were collected from April 1999 to April 2000 with the 3 month-interval starting after 3rd cycle of chemotherapy. Data were collected 3 times ; treatment period, treatment finishing period and 3 months later after the treatment. Ferrell's QOL instrument was used which had been developed for the breast cancer patients in 1989. Repeated Measure ANOVA was used to examine differences of quality of life at 3 points of time respectively. As a result, average age was 43.29 years (4.38yrs) and the number of married person was 22(91.7%). Scores of quality of life were 5.45 at 1st period after 3rd cycle of chemotherapy, 5.17 after treatment, 5.10 at 3 months later after treatment and difference of quality of life was decreased according to period of treatment (P=.085). Only the psychological dimension of the quality of life showed the significant difference (P=.045). Two different treatment groups showed a difference of quality of life at 3 month later after treatment. In conclusions, high risk breast cancer patients showed the decreased quality of life related to treatment up to 3 months later of treatment. Subjects who received APBSCT returned to the normal quality of life more rapidly than those who received chemotherapy. Psychological nursing intervention was needed during the whole period of treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권14호
• /
• pp.5517-5522
• /
• 2014

Oral contraceptive use is the most common type of contraception. More than 300 million women worldwide take oral contraceptives every day. However, there is a concern about the relationship with the incidence of cancer. This analytical retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between the incidence of cervical and breast cancers and oral contraceptive use in 128 Iranian patients with cervical cancer, 235 with breast cancer and equal numbers of controls. Data were collected through interviews with an organized set of questions. Details were also extracted from patient files. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, and Pearson's correlation analysis. The result revealed correlations between both cervical and breast cancers and history of contraceptive pills use. While cervical cancer significantly correlated with duration of use of pills, breast cancer had significant correlations with the type of oral contraceptive and age at first use. No significant relationships were found between the two types of cancer and age at discontinuation of oral contraceptives, patterns of use, and intervals from the last use. The use of oral contraceptives may triple the incidence of cervical cancer and doubles the incidence of breast cancer. Therefore, performing Pap smears every six months and breast cancer screening are warranted for long-term oral contraceptive users.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.401-410
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of childbirth, breastfeeding, and their interaction with breast cancer (BC) risk reduction, and to evaluate the heterogeneity in the BC risk reduction effects of these factors by menopause, hormone receptor (HR) status, and pathological subtype. Methods: BC patients aged 40+ from the Korean Breast Cancer Registry in 2004-2012 and controls from the Health Examinee cohort participants were included in this study after 1:1 matching (12 889 pairs) by age and enrollment year. BC risk according to childbirth, breast-feeding, and their interaction was calculated in logistic regression models using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: BC risk decreased with childbirth (3+ childbirths relative to 1 childbirth: OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.78 and OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.95 in postmenopausal and premenopausal women, respectively); and the degree of risk reduction by the number of children was heterogeneous according to menopausal status (p-heterogeneity=0.04), HR status (p-heterogeneity<0.001), and pathological subtype (p-heterogeneity<0.001); whereas breastfeeding for 1-12 months showed a heterogeneous association with BC risk according to menopausal status, with risk reduction only in premenopausal women (p-heterogeneity<0.05). The combination of 2 more childbirths and breastfeeding for ${\geq}13$ months had a much stronger BC risk reduction of 49% (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.58). Conclusions: This study suggests that the combination of longer breastfeeding and more childbirths reduces BC risk more strongly, and that women who experience both 2 or more childbirths and breastfeed for ${\geq}13$ months can reduce their BC risk by about 50%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.289-295
• /
• 2017

In general, a number of studies have been conducted on factors affecting breast cancer development, but systematic investigations of risk factors are rare. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors involved in breast cancer screening before breast ultrasound diagnosis and the risk factors associated with breast cancer screening by ultrasound. Self-administered questionnaire was performed on 417 patients who underwent breast ultrasonography and classified as benign and malignant. Breast cancer was associated with age, BMI, and type of medication(p<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the odds ratio was 4.93 times higher in the 50s compared to the less than 50s, 2.43 times higher in the obese group than in the normal group, 0.14 times and 0.16 times lower in hormonal replacement therapy(p<0.05). Therefore, as age increases, periodical examination of health and appropriate weight management are needed. So this study is expected to provide basic data for identification of risk factors affecting breast cancer development.