• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1760-1766
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• 2015

This study investigated the proximate composition and $\small{L}$-carnitine and betaine content of meats from 5 lines of Korean indigenous chicken (KIC) for developing highly nutritious meat breeds with health benefits from the bioactive compounds such as $\small{L}$-carnitine and betaine in meat. In addition, the relevance of gender (male and female) and meat type (breast and thigh meat) was examined. A total of 595 F1 progeny (black [B], grey-brown [G], red-brown [R], white [W], and yellow-brown [Y]) from 70 full-sib families were used. The moisture, protein, fat, and ash contents of the meats were significantly affected by line, gender, and meat type (p<0.05). The males in line G and females in line B showed the highest protein and the lowest fat content of the meats. $\small{L}$-carnitine and betaine content showed effects of meat type, line, and gender (p<0.05). The highest $\small{L}$-carnitine content was found in breast and thigh meats from line Y in both genders. The breast meat from line G and the thigh meat from line R had the highest betaine content in males. The female breast and thigh meats showed the highest betaine content in line R. These data could be valuable for establishing selection strategies for developing highly nutritious chicken meat breeds in Korea.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary oils on the levels of the ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid in chicken meat lipids. Three hundred ten five, 1-d old, male, Ross strain, broiler chicks were fed for 35 d to compare diets containing evening primrose oil(EPO) and hemp seed oil(HO) to a control diet. Fatty acid composition of lipid from chicken skin, thigh and breast muscle were determined at the end of the trial. The level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of lipids from chicken meat fed diets containing EPO or HO was significantly higher than that of the control group(p<0.05). The level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of lipids from chicken skin was highest in the group, which had been fed the EPO 0.85%, followed in order by EPO 0.7%, 0.5%, EPO mixed oil, HO and HO mixed oil. There was a significant difference in the level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of chicken skin between the control and treatment groups(p<0.05). The level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of lipids from chicken thigh muscle was also similar to skin, and significantly higher than that of the control group(p<0.05). The level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of lipids from chicken breast muscle was highest in the group, which had been fed the EPO 0.5%, followed in order by EPO 0.7%, 0.85%, HO 0.5% and HO mixed oil. There was a significant difference in the level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of chicken breast muscle between the control and treatment groups(p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1475-1481
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• 2002

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of early feed restriction on growth, fat accumulation and meat composition in unsexed broiler chickens. In experiment 1, three hundred and fifty one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into 7 groups. Each treatment group was represented by five replicates of ten broilers each. One group was fed ad libitum as the control group and the other six groups were fed 25% ad libitum (25% multiplied by amount of feed intake of ad libitum chicks at the previous day) for 4 or 6 days, 50% ad libitum for 4 or 6 days, and 75% ad libitum for 4 or 6 days. In experiment 2, five hundred broiler chicks were divided into 10 groups. Each treatment group was represented by five replicates of ten broilers each. One group was fed ad libitum as the control group. Three initial age at which broilers were restricted (2, 4 or 6 days of age) and three type of feed restriction (physical restriction, meal feeding and diet dilution) ($3{\times}3$) were examined. They were restricted feeding for 6 days. Experimental results showed that broilers fed 25% ad libitum for 4-6 days tended to reduce leg meat fat with lower abdominal fat (p<0.05) (experiment 1). Breast meat fat was significantly higher in restricted broilers (p<0.01). Plasma triglyceride was higher in broilers fed 75% ad libitum for 4-6 days. In experiment 2, abdominal fat was lower in restricted broilers (p<0.05). Breast meat fat was significantly higher (p<0.01), whereas leg meat fat was significantly lower (p<0.05) in restricted broilers. Plasma triglyceride was significantly higher in physical feed restriction for 4 days, meal feeding for 4 days and diet dilution for 6 days (p<0.05). In conclusion, to reduce fat accumulation in abdomen and leg meat, broilers should be fed 25% ad libitum for 6 days started at 4 days, or subjected to meal feeding (6 hours per day for 6 days) started at 6 days.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 1989

사육기간이 535일인 산란노계의 가슴근육, 다리근육, 간장 및 모래주머니에서 총지질을 추출하여 총지질에서 중성지질, 인지질 및 당지질을 분획 하고, 각 지질의 지방산조성을 분석 비교하였다. 총지질은 간장에서 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으며 가슴근육이 제일 적었다. 총지질에 대한 중성지질, 인지질 및 당지질의 함량 비율은 각각 다리근육, 가슴근육 및 모래주머니에서 높게 나타났다. 총지질과 중성지질의 주요 지방산은 palmitic, stearic, oleic 및 lindeic acid이었고, 인지질은 palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, arachidonic 및 docosahexaenoic acid, 그리고 당지질의 경우는 palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic 및 linoleic acid 이었다. .중성지질은 oleic, 인지질은 docosahexaenoic, 그리고 당지질은 linoleic acid가 다른 지질에 비해 많이 함유되어 있었다. 불포화지방산의 함량 비율은 총지질과 중성지질의 경우 다리근육, 인지질은 가슴근육, 당지질은 간장에서 비교적 많이 구성되어 있었다. 다가 불포화지방산은 인지질에 많이 함유되어 있었다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.205-222
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to review systemically journals on the studies for Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the treatment of breast cancer. Methods: Through medical websites, foreign clinical literatures about complementary and alternative medicines of breast cancer were searched. The cite used was http://www.Pubmed.gov. And then they were divided into three groups. Medication, Non-medication therapies and questionnaire reports. Results: 1. We researched 23 papers about herb medicines. Most of papers were about single herb and there were rarely about mixed composition. And there were papers about Ocimum gratissimum, elliptilimba, seeds of Livistona chinensis, golden feverfew which were not commonly used in Korea. 2. We researched 16 papers about acupuncture. Acupuncture had a possitive effect on such symptoms like flushing, nausea and vomitting and pain on upper limb caused by anticancer therapy or tamoxifen or surgery. 3. We researched 36 papers about questionnaire study. Most were about research for women who diagnosed as breast cancer or women after breast cancer surgery. Subjects were about proportion of using CAM, purpose of using it, most popular CAM therapy, satisfaction degree, and relation with age, aducation and social position. And most conclusion were that patient-doctor communication was needed. Conclusion: Afterwards we have to focus on realisitic clinical studies about breast cancer patients, especially postsurgery and people who takes anticancer therapy. And we have to be interest in acupuncture therapy on breast cancer patients.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2012

본 연구는 1일령 초생추(Ross)를 부화장에서 암 수 분리한 후 구입하여, 수병아리만 평당 66수를 수용해 왕겨 깔짚을 사용한 평사에서 사육을 시작하여 사육일령이 30, 36, 42일령 일 때 임의로 선발하여 도계한 다음 닭고기의 가슴 및 다리육의 아미노산, 유리아미노산, 지방산 변화를 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 육계의 사육일령별 닭고기의 육질변화에서 아미노산 중 glutamic acid의 변화는 가슴살에서 사육일령이 경과할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 다리육에서도 가슴육과 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 총 유리아미노산 변화에서는 가슴살에서 246.3~370.6 mg%를 나타내었고, 다리육은 321.9~470.16 mg%를 나타내어 가슴살보다 다리육에서 전반적으로 더 높은 값을 나타내었다. 유리아미노산에서 glutamic acid도 다른 유리아미노산과 비슷하게 사육 기간이 경과할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 지방산 변화는 가슴살에서 필수지방산 중 가장 많은 부분을 차지하는 linoleic acid 함량은 사육일령이 경과할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 뇌세포의 주성분인 DHA의 성분도 가슴육의 경우 30일령보다 42일령에서 1.9배 정도 증가하였다. 이러한 경향은 다리육에서도 유사하게 나타내었다. 가슴육 및 다리육의 총 불포화지방산 비율도 육계의 사육일령이 경과할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Breast milk is the best available food for optimum growth and development of infants and the breastfeeding rate is increasing in Korea. The purpose of this study is to measure the concentrations of macronutrients and to evaluate their changes according to lactation period in breast milk from lactating Korean women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Milk samples were obtained from 2,632 healthy lactating women (mean age; $32.0{\pm}3.3years$), where the lactating period was up to a period of 8 months, who also volunteered to participate in the Human Milk Macronutrient Analysis Research. Lactose, protein, fat and water content in the breast milk samples were analyzed with infrared spectrometry using MilkoScan FT-2. RESULTS: The mean macronutrient composition per 100 mL of mature breast milk was 7.1 g for lactose, 1.4 g for protein and 3.0 g for fat, and energy content was 61.1 kcal. The protein concentration was significantly lower in milk samples at 1-2 weeks (2.0 g/dL) to 2-3 months (1.4 g/dL) than those at 0-1 week (2.2 g/dL), but it was similar among samples from 3-4 months to 7-8 months (1.3 g/dL). Mean lipid levels varied among different lactational period groups (2.7-3.2 g/dL), but presented no significant difference. Lactose concentration in the milk samples did not differ with lactation period. Maternal body mass index was positively related to protein and lipid breast milk contents, but was negatively related to lactose content. General linear models examining the associations between maternal variables and milk macronutrient content revealed that lactation period had a major impact on protein and lipid, but not on lactose content in breast milk. CONCLUSIONS: These results warrant future studies to explore factors that may be associated with changes in macronutrient content in human milk.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.80-87
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• 1998

Intestinal microflora in 17 breast-fed(BF) and 14 formula-fed (FF) newborn infants at about 1 week after birth were investigated to determine the floral differences of the two lactation groups. The fecal conditions were significantly different between the two groups in that the number of subjects who showed watery feces, and the times of defecation per day, were higher in the BF group. In addition, the mean fecal PH of the BF group was lower than that of the FF group. The dominant species in the BF groups which showed the highest count among the species of microflora was bifidobacteria , while the dominant species in the FF group was streptococci. The frequency of staphylococci and the count of bifidobacteria were significantly higher in the BF group. However, the frquencies of streptococci and Peptococcaceae were higher in the FF group. Through the differences were not significant, the frequency of bvifidobacteria and the count of staphylococci were higher in BF group, whereas the frequencies of bacteriodes, clostridia, enterobacter and the count of clostridia were higher in FF group.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.61-65
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• 1988

재래오골계의 일반성분, 육색과 절단력에 대하여 조사한 결과는 아래와 같다. 근육의 성분중 수분과 조단백질은 흉부에서 높았으며 조지방과 조섬유는 퇴경부에서 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 그러나 주령에 따른 성분의 차이는 인정되지 않았다. L. a. b값은 Hunter color solid에 비교하여 볼때 회색으로 판명되었으며 절단력은 퇴경부가 흉부보다 크고 수컷이 암컷보다 큰 값을 나타내었다. 또한 절단력은 주령이 증가할수록 증가되었다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to compare breast milk minerals between mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy mothers. Methods: This study was a short-term prospective study to determine the difference in milk minerals of 30 GDM mothers and 30 healthy mothers. Mineral concentrations in breast milk were measured for Na, K, Ca, Mg, and P. The first breast milk was collected on the 5th day after childbirth, while the second one was collected on the 14th day. For the variation of mineral content of breast milk over time between groups, generalized estimation equations were used. Results: The mean age of the GDM group and healthy mother group was 32.56 and 31.17 years old, respectively. Na was significantly higher in GDM mother group (Wild 𝛘²=4.35, p=.037) over time (Wild 𝛘²=21.59, p<.001), and Ca was significantly higher in healthy mother group (Wild 𝛘²=1.77, p=.018) over time (Wild 𝛘²=19.09, p<.001). Mg, P, and K showed a significant difference in time (Wild 𝛘²=18.12, p<.001; Wild 𝛘²=7.73, p=.005; Wild 𝛘²=7.10, p=.008). P was significantly higher in GDM mother group on 5th day of delivery (t=2.08, p=.042). Conclusion: There was a difference in the mineral composition of breast milk between GDM mothers and healthy mothers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and apply intervention programs such as effective prenatal blood sugar management and postpartum breast massage considering the characteristics of GDM mothers.