• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6839-6844
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• 2013

This study was conducted to analyze the prevalence of non-performance of mammography, and associated factors, among postmenopausal women. This analytical, exploratory, cross-sectional study, of a domicile population inquiry type, was performed in the municipality of Maringa, Parana, Brazil. A total of 456 women were interviewed, aged 45 to 69 years, who presented with natural menopause and cessation of menstruation for at least twelve months. Statistical associations were found between the non-performance of mammography and schooling of less than seven years, paid employment, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, the non-use of hormone replacement therapy, not having consulted a doctor in the previous year, not having consulted a gynecologist, lacking a family history of breast cancer, not having performed the Papanicolaou test, not having performed clinical breast examination, and not having difficult access to health services. After logistic regression analysis, not performing mammography was associated with reports of a fair or bad health status. The study data revealed factors "responsible" for the non-performance of mammography, and the results should contributing to improvement/enhancement of healthy behaviour of Brazilian women in the post-menopausal phase.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2000

This report was the results of an investigation based on the status of the mammography in the 45 medical facilities in the areas of Seoul and Kyong-Gi Do. In regard to mammography we were able to understand the rectification method of the generator, the functions, the radiographic techniques, the patient exposure dose, etc. Recently, the occurrence of breast cancer has rapidly increased and has lead to increased interest in the early discovery of breast cancer. However, mammography has not kept up with the publics interests and its demand. The main problem is thought to be a wide great difference in the quality of the facilities, especially in the techniques of radiograpic and the capabilities of the generator, which would have a major effect on the grade management of the image quality. In order to be ready and keep up with the high rate of increase of breast cancer, the standardization of mammography and the grade management is urgently required as a solution to the problems in the increase of image qualify and the decrease of dose. It is regarded that the basic guide of the techniques of photography in the mammography, which is being used in all developed countries due to the influence of the USA, should be presented, especially in Korea, and for this, more active and enthusiastic education and enlightenment should be needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.969-974
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• 2012

Mammography utilization is low in Iran compared with other countries. Here a cross-sectional survey design was used to investigate psycho-social and individual factors associated with mammography among 400 women asymptomatic of breast cancer. The study was carried out at the four outpatient clinics of Tehran during the period from July through October, 2009. We found that mammography screening was related to higher self-efficacy and women's occupation. Future tailored interventions on potential psycho-social determinants and specific demographic factors are critical in increasing mammography screening rates among Iranian women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.12-28
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• 2021

Mammography is the primary imaging modality for breast cancer detection; however, a high level of expertise is needed for its interpretation. To overcome this difficulty, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for breast cancer detection have recently been investigated. In this review, we describe the characteristics of AI algorithms compared to conventional computer-aided diagnosis software and share our thoughts on the best methods to develop and validate the algorithms. Additionally, several AI algorithms have introduced for triaging screening mammograms, breast density assessment, and prediction of breast cancer risk have been introduced. Finally, we emphasize the need for interest and guidance from radiologists regarding AI research in mammography, considering the possibility that AI will be introduced shortly into clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.155-161
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• 2014

Mammography is mostly performed by series projection on both breasts. While taking mammography, it is less than average glandular dose of 3 mGy which regulated. But mammography is exposed much more doses actually, due to additional or series projection. Also, it is difficult to recognize around organ dose except exposed breast. Using mathematical simulation of radiation exposure body in mammography, we studied around organ dose distribution by changing thickness(25, 30, $50{\mu}m$) of filter and relative absorption dose rate which set on basis of exposed breast. as a result, when setting of basis of exposed breast, dose of opposite breast is more affected approximately from 79.26 to 86.31%. when using $25{\mu}m$ of filter thickness than $30{\mu}m$, $50{\mu}m$ of filter thickness in Mo/Mo, W/Rh combination which used actually, absorbed dose rates for opposite breast and around organ were low.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of breast cancer from mammography images and to investigate the characteristics of patients who was diagnosed as a breast cancer. The subjects for this study were 85 patients who underwent breast imaging test with screen-film method and investigated from March 2010 to October 2010. The average age of the subjects is 51.9 years old. The 43.5% of onsets were located at the upper outer quadrant (UOQ). In terms of the age group, group for 40-49 ages were highest 37.6 (32/85)%. As for breast composition, fatty and dense breast were 30.6% (26/85) and 69.4% (59/85) respectively. The average age of the patients with fatty breast is 62.4 years old, whereas those with dense breast was 46.5 years old. The false negative rate of mammography images was 27.1% (23/85) and the sensitivity of mammography was 72.9% (62/85). The false negative rate of the patients with dense breast was 32.2% (19/59). the sensitivity of them was 67.8% (40/59).

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

Digital Mammography is an efficient imaging technique for the detection and diagnosis of breast pathological disorders. Six mammographic criteria such as number of cluster, number, size, extent and morphologic shape of microcalcification, and presence of mass, were reviewed and correlation with pathologic diagnosis were evaluated. It is very important to find breast cancer early when treatment can reduce deaths from breast cancer and breast incision. In screening breast cancer, mammography is typically used to view the internal organization. Clusterig microcalcifications on mammography represent an important feature of breast mass, especially that of intraductal carcinoma. Because microcalcification has high correlation with breast cancer, a cluster of a microcalcification can be very helpful for the clinical doctor to predict breast cancer. For this study, three steps of quantitative evaluation are proposed : DoG filter, adaptive thresholding, Expectation maximization. Through the proposed algorithm, each cluster in the distribution of microcalcification was able to measure the number calcification and length of cluster also can be used to automatically diagnose breast cancer as indicators of the primary diagnosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.4137-4141
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• 2016

Background: A recent guideline by the American Cancer Society recommended that mammography (MMG) should be done for women starting in their mid-40s. In Thailand, information on opportunistic mammography screening is limited and data on the total incidence of breast cancer are also lacking. The purpose of this study was to estimate the breast cancer detection, incident and prevalence rates among Thai women. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the opportunistic mammography screening of normal women between 30 and 80 years who underwent the procedure between 2001 and 2010. All cases were followed until 2012. The detection rate was calculated for the whole period of observation using 'number of women with positive findings' divided by 'total number of women screened'. The incidence rate was calculated only at the first MMG while the subsequence rate was calculated based on all new cases detected at each subsequent MMG. Results: Among the 47,430 women, there were 152,091 MMGs or approximately 3.2 occasions per person (range, 1-10). The average duration of the interval between each subsequence visit was 1.8 years. Overall, breast cancer was detected in 543 women, with a detection rate of 10.3 per 1,000 persons. The prevalence rate of breast cancer at the first visit was 5.78 per 1,000 persons. The incidence or new cases detected at any follow-up visit was 10.4 per 1,000 persons. The overall interval cancer was 0.91 per 1,000 women, mainly detected before their second and third MMG, with a rate of 0.0.47 and 0.76 per 1,000 women. Conclusions: Opportunistic mammography screening in Thailand detected 10 case of breast cancer from each 1,000 women. This paper indicated a high rate of cancer detection during a two year interval, hence, a screening mammogram should be performed more often.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3981-3990
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in Jordan. Current efforts are focused on annual campaigns aimed at increasing awareness about breast cancer and encouraging women to conduct mammogram screening. In the absence of regular systematic screening for breast cancer in Jordan, there is a need to evaluate current mammography screening uptake and its predictors, assess women's knowledge and attitudes towards breast cancer and screening mammograms and to identify barriers to this preventive service. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six governorates in Jordan through face-to-face interviews on a random sample of women aged 40 to 69 years. Results: A total of 507 participants with mean age of $46.8{\pm}7.8$ years were interviewed. There was low participation rate in early detection of breast cancer practices. Breast self-examination, doctor examination and periodic mammography screening were reported by 34.9%, 16.8% and 8.6% of study participants, respectively. Additionally 3.8% underwent breast cancer screening at least once but not periodically, while 87.6% had never undergone mammography screening. Reported reasons for conducting the screening were: perceived benefit (50%); family history of breast cancer (23.1%); perceived severity (21.2%); and advice from friend or family member (5.8%). City residents have shown higher probability of undergoing mammogram than those who live in towns or villages. Results revealed negative perceptions and limited knowledge of study participants on breast cancer and breast cancer screening. The most commonly reported barriers for women who never underwent screening were: fear of results (63.8%); no support from surrounding environment (59.7); cost of the test (53.4%); and religious belief, i.e. Qadaa Wa Qadar (51.1%). Conclusions: In the absence of regular systematic screening for breast cancer in Jordan, the uptake of this preventive service is very low. It is essential for the country of Jordan to work on applying regular systematic mammography screening for breast cancer. Additionally, there is a need for improvement in the current health promotion programmes targeting breast cancer screening. Other areas that could be targeted in future initiatives in this field include access to screening in rural areas and removal of current barriers.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.343-351
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to identify factors affecting mammography screening behavior in job women by attitude, social influence and self-efficacy model. Methods: The data were obtained from 171 job women in one residency area by structural questionnaire from March to June 2013 and analysed by using $x^2$-test, ANOVA, Spearman's correlation and logistic regression analysis. Results: The each performance rate was 45.1% in mammography, 44.9% in breast self examination and 48.5% in physical examination. The mammography performance rate in job women showed higher significance in the groups of 1) older age, urban residency, marital status or high economic state, 2) shorter office hours or higher job position, 3) childbirth experience or menopause and 4) preferring soy bean food, practicing regular exercise, suffering chronic disease or receiving radiation therapy. Attitude, social influences and self-efficacy made significant differences in mammography performance. Logistic regression analysis showed that 50 years or older, urban residency, social influences towards mammography and high self-efficacy were significant relationship. Conclusion: In order to increase the mammography performance rate, the intervention strategies are needed to increase positive social influences or self-efficacy and to offer public information to younger age.