• Title/Summary/Keyword: Breaking length

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Analysis of Roller Load by Boom Length and Rotation Angle of a Crawler Crane (크롤러 크레인의 붐 길이 선회각도에 의한 롤러 하중 해석)

  • Lee, Deukki;Kang, Jungho;Kim, Taehyun;Oh, Chulkyu;Kim, Jongmin;Kim, Jongmyeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.83-91
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    • 2021
  • A crawler crane, which consists of a lattice boom, a driving system, and a movable vehicle, is widely used on construction sites. The crawler crane often traverses rough terrain at these sites; as a result, an overload limiter needs to be installed on the crane to prevent it from overturning and breaking. In this paper, we studied the distributed load change in relation to boom length and the angle of rotation of the roller that comes in direct contact with the grounded track shoe. First, we developed a 3D model of a crawler crane and meshed it for finite elements. Then, we performed finite element analysis to derive the load on the roller. Finally, we graphed and examined the roller distributed load data of the case according to boom length and rotation angle. By detecting the load on the roller of the crawler crane, we can predict the potential for the crane to overturn before it happens.

Correlation between Internal and External Egg Quality Indicators in the Early Phase of Hy-Line Brown Laying Hens

  • Jang, Eunhye
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.53-60
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    • 2022
  • This study investigated correlations between egg quality indicators to identify external egg quality traits to predict internal egg quality using non-destructive and convenient measurements. Thirteen indicators, including Haugh unit, albumen height, eggshell breaking strength, eggshell thickness, eggshell color (CIE L*, CIE a*, CIE b*), and reflectivity value, egg weight, egg length, egg width, shape index, and yolk color, were investigated. A total of 180 brown eggs were obtained from one 27-week-old flock of Hy-line brown-laying hens raised in a cage system. Correlations were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). The results showed strong correlations between Haugh unit and albumen height, eggshell color CIE L* and reflectivity, egg weight and width, egg weight and length, eggshell color CIE L* and CIE a*, eggshell color CIE a* and reflectivity, and shape index and egg length (P<0.001). Moderate correlations were observed between eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness, eggshell color CIE a* and CIE b*, and shape index and egg width (P<0.001). Eggshell color CIE L* was correlated with eggshell breaking strength (P<0.01), and eggshell color CIE a* was correlated with Haugh unit, albumen height (P<0.01), and eggshell breaking strength (P<0.001). The present study showed significant correlations between eggshell color and other quality indicators. Thus, this study suggests that eggshell colors based on reflectiveness and the CIE L*a*b* value can be used to estimate the Haugh unit, albumen height, eggshell breaking strength, and thickness.

Identification and Sequence Analysis of RNA3 of a Resistance-Breaking Cucumber mosaic virus Isolate on Capsicum annuum

  • Lee Mi-Yeon;Lee Jang-Ha;Ahn Hong-Il;Yoon Ju-Yeon;Her Nam-Han;Choi Jang-Kyung;Choi Gug-Seon;Kim Do-Sun;Harn Chee-Hark;Ryu Ki-Hyun
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.265-270
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    • 2006
  • Cultivated hot pepper crops showing severe mosaic symptom were found in Korea in 2004 and their causal agent was identified as Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). These pepper crops was resistant to the virus in the filled, and they belonged to pathotype 0 (P0) resistant pepper. Resistance screening of selected pepper plants showed that a pepper isolate of CMV was the P0 resistance-breaking virus. This P0 resistance-breaking isolate of CMV, named as Ca-P1, was isolated from leaves of the virus-infected Capsicum annuum cv. Manidda that showed systemic severe mosaic symptom. Ca-P1-CMV could induce systemic mosaic symptoms on P0-susceptible (P0-S) and P0-resistant (P0-R) cultivars whereas an ordinary strain (Fny-CMV) could not infect P0-R. This result suggests that Ca-P1-CMV can overcome P0 resistant pepper cultivars. To analyze its genome sequence, the complete nucleotide sequence of RNA3 of Ca-P1-CMV was determined from the infectious full-length cDNA clone of the virus. RNA3 of Ca-P1-CMV consisted of 2,219 nucleotides. Overall sequence homology of RNA3-encoded two viral proteins (movement protein and coat protein) revealed high similarity (75.2-97.2%) with the known CMV strains. By sequence analysis with known representative strains of CMV, Ca-P1-CMV belongs to a typical member of CMV subgroup IB. The resistance and resistance-breaking mechanisms of pepper and counterpart CMV, respectively, remain to be investigated, which will enrich the genetic resources and accelerate CMV-resistant pepper breeding programs.

EVALUATIN OF NALITA WOOD(Trema orientalis) AS SOURCE OF FIBER FOR PARERMAKING

  • Jahan, M. Sarwar;Mun, Sung-Phil
    • Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.17-26
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    • 2003
  • Nalita wood(Trema orientalis) is one of the fastest growing woods in the world. It may be a viable species for pulpwood. The physical, chemical and morphological properties of Nalita were studied. The total lignin, pentosan and holocellulose content in Nalita wood were 24.7%, 22% and 81.2%, respectively. Its fiber length was about 0.92 mm, which are comparable to Acacia mangium. Nitrobenzene oxidation of Nalita wood meal indicated that the guaciayl and syringyl unit were the major constituent of Nalita lignin. Nalita produced 50% pulp yield at Kappa number 21 in soda-anthraquinone process. The strength properties of Nalita pulp were comparable to other tropical hardwood pulp. At $40_{\circ}$ SR, the breaking length, burst index, tear index and total energy absorption were 6000 m, $3.5kPa{\cdot}m^2/g\;and\;7.0mN{\cdot}m^2/g\;and\;75J/m^2$, respectively.

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Sugar Extraction by Pretreatment and Soda Pulping from Cattail (Typhaceae) (2) Pulping Characteristics (부들의 전처리를 통한 당의 추출과 소다펄프화에 관한 연구 (2) 펄프화 특성)

  • Kim, Wan-Jung;Lee, Sung-Eun;Seo, Yung-Bum
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.14-21
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    • 2010
  • Three different species of cattails (Typha orientalis, Typha angustata, Typha latifolia) cultivated in South Korea were examined as raw materials for the production of pulp and paper. Soda pulping with anthraquinone was used for the stems and the leaves of cattail, separately. Addition of anthraquinone in soda pulping improved the yield greatly. Chemical components between three cattail species and within each species (leaves and stem) gave little differences. Average fiber length of the bleached cattail fibers was a little shorter than that of the HwBKP of Eucalyptus. Average fiber width of the cattail fibers was a half of that of the HwBKP. Compared to the HwBKP, cattail pulp gave higher breaking length, higher opacity, and better smoothness at equivalent freeness.

Stereo Matching using the Extended Edge Segments (확장형 에지 선소를 이용한 스테레오 정합)

  • Son, Hong-Rak;Kim, Hyeong-Seok
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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    • v.51 no.8
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    • pp.335-343
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    • 2002
  • A segment matching algorithm in stereo vision via the fusion of multiple features on long edge segments is proposed. One problem of the previous segment matching algorithm is the similarity among the segments caused from its short length. In the proposed algorithm, edges are composed of longer segments which are obtained by breaking the edges only at the locations with distinguished changes of the shape. Such long segments can contain extra features such as curvature ratio and length of segments which could not be included in shorter ones. Use of such additional features enhances the matching accuracy significantly To fuse multiple features for matching, weighting value determination algorithm which is computed according to the degree of the contribution of each factor is proposed. The stereo matching simulations with the proposed algorithm are done about various images and their results are included.

Mode I and Mode II Stress Intensity Factors for a Surface Cracked in TiN/Steel Under Hertzian Rolling Contact (Hertzian 접촉하중시 TiN/Steel의 표면균열에 대한 모드 I과 모드 II 응력확대계수)

  • Kim, Byeong-Su;Kim, Wi-Dae
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.25 no.8
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    • pp.1163-1172
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    • 2001
  • The two dimensional problem of a layered tribological system(TiN/Steel) containing a vertical surface breaking crack and subject to rolling contact is considered in this study. Using finite elements and stress extrapolation method, a series of preliminary models are developed. Preliminary results indicate that the extrapolation technique is valid to determine Modes I and II stress intensity factors for cracks. In the case of TiN/Steel medium, KI and KII were determined for variations in crack length, layer thickness, and load location. The results show that KII reaches maximum values when the contact is adjacent to the crack where Mode I stresses are compressive. KII values decrease with decreased crack length and significantly decrease for reduced layer thickness.

Influence of $K_{2}O$ - Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield and Lodging of Paddy Rice

  • Kwon Byung-Sun
    • Plant Resources
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.32-35
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to investigate the influence of $K_{2}O$ fertilizer application on growth, yield and lodging resistance of rice. Culm length and panicle length were lowest at the treatment of fertilizer level, $N-P_{2}O_{5}-K_{2}O=16-8-8$ plot but number of panicle, percentage of fruitful culm, $1{\ell}$ grain weights of paddy rice and brown rice, 1,000 grains weight of brown rice, brown rice ratio, yields of paddy rice and brown rice were highest at the treatment of fertilizer level, $N-P_{2}O_{5}-K_{2}O=16-8-8$ kg/10a plot. Bending moment, breaking strength and lodging index were lowest at the treatment of fertilizer level, $N-P_{2}O_{5}-K_{2}O=16-8-8$ kg/10a plot. Judging from the results reported above, an optimum fertilizer level of rice for lodging resistance is most likely be $N-P_{2}O_{5}-K_{2}O=16-8-8$ kg/10a treatment.

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Ganoderma lucidum균 전처리를 이용한 볏짚의 상압.소다펄프화

  • 주용찬;강진하
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.51-60
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    • 2002
  • This study was carried out to develop the biochemical pulping method to enhance energy saving and decrease the capital cost through the soda pulping under atmospheric pressure (100%). Nonwood substrates, rice straw, were pretreated by white-rot fungi, Ganoderma Iucidum. It has acquired several basic data that can be applied in bio-soda pulping. The results of this study were as follow. Without any nutrients or with glucose, N and glucose+N the weight losses of rice straws inoculated by Canoderma Iucidum were 8.5~29.8%, 9.3~32% 11.8~30.1% and 11.8~24.4% respectively for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days incubation. The more extending incubation periods, the more increasing weight losses. The yield of untreated rice saw was 54.8% after pulping. When any nutrients was not added or glucose, N and glucose+N were added for the pretreatment, the total yields were ranged 50.6~38.5%, 48.6~34.4%, 47.2~38.4% and 49.5~42.6% respectively for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days incubation. The yields were gradually decreased based on extending of incubation. The physical properties of rice straw soda pulps without fungal treatment, the density, breaking length, burst index, tear index and folding endurance were 0.24 g/$\textrm{cm}^3$, 2.32 km, 0.91 kPa $m^2$/g, 56.7 mN.$m^2$/g and 35 times, respectively. After pretreatment without any nutrients or with glucose, N and glucose+N as nutrients the density was 0.27~0.30 g/$\textrm{cm}^3$, the breaking length 3.14~5.25 km, burst index 1.42~2.78 kPa.$\textrm{m}^2$/g, tear index45.8~64.5 mN.$\textrm{m}^2$/g and folding endurance 47~288 times at all incubating periods when pulping was done. The physical properties were increased with the increasing incubation periods. However, when glucose+N was added, the physical properties were shown superior results each incubating duration.

Dehisced Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Affected by Chilling Period in Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim. (가시오갈피 개갑종자의 저온처리에 의한 발아 묘목의 생육특성)

  • Li, Cheng Hao;Lim, Jung-Dae;Kim, Myong-Jo;Heo, Kwon;Yu, Chang-Yeon
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.11 no.5
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    • pp.347-351
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    • 2003
  • This experiment was carried out to study the optimal chilling period for breaking the physiological dormancy of dehisced E. senticosus seeds and to investigate the critical seeding date in Kangwondo. Storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for 85 days was most effective in breaking dormancy of dehisced seeds, but didn't germinated synchronously. Only 28.1% of undehisced seeds germinated after 125 days of low temperature storage. For improving seedling survival rate in the field, 50% shading was more effective than 30% shading. Delayed seeding date resulted in decreased seedling fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area and root length, but seeding date has no significant affecte on stem length.