• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2005

Text categorization systems generally use single words (unigrams) as features. A deceptively simple algorithm for improving text categorization is investigated here, an idea previously shown not to work. It is to identify useful word pairs (bigrams) made up of adjacent unigrams. The bigrams it found, while small in numbers, can substantially raise the quality of feature sets. The algorithm was tested on two pre-classified datasets, Reuters-21578 for English and Korea-web for Korean. The results show that the algorithm was successful in extracting high quality bigrams and increased the quality of overall features. To find out the role of bigrams, we trained the Na$\"{i}$ve Bayes classifiers using both unigrams and bigrams as features. The results show that recall values were higher than those of unigrams alone. Break-even points and F1 values improved in most documents, especially when documents were classified along the large classes. In Reuters-21578 break-even points increased by 2.1%, with the highest at 18.8%, and F1 improved by 1.5%, with the highest at 3.2%. In Korea-web break-even points increased by 1.0%, with the highest at 4.5%, and F1 improved by 0.4%, with the highest at 4.2%. We can conclude that text classification using unigrams and bigrams together is more efficient than using only unigrams.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2004

Data pertaining to first lactation records of 316 Murrah buffaloes, progeny of 47 sires, maintained at NDRI Farm for a period of 18 years were analysed to construct selection indices and to examine their robustness by changing the relative economic values of different economic traits. A total of 120 selection indices were constructed for three sets of relative economic values ( 40 for each set) considering different combinations of seven first lactation traits viz. age at first calving (AFC), first lactation 305 day or less milk yield (FLMY), first lactation length (FLL), first calving interval (FCI), milk yield per day of first lactation length (MY/FLL), milk yield per day of first calving interval (MY/FCI) and milk yield per day age at second calving (MY/ASC). The three sets of relative economic values were based on economic values of different traits, 1% standard deviation of different traits and regression of different traits on FLMY. The 'optimum' indices for the first two sets had five traits each namely AFC, FLMY, FLL, FCI and MY/ASC giving improvement in aggregate genotype of Rupees 269.11 and Rs. 174.88, respectively. The accuracy of selection from both indices was 70.79 and 69.39%, respectively. The 'best' selection index from the third set of data again had five traits (AFC, FLMY, FLL, FCI and MY/FLL) giving genetic gain of Rs. 124.16 and accuracy of selection of 71.81%. The critcal levels or break-even points for FLMY for varying levels of AFC and FCI estimated from the "optimum index" suggested the need of enhancement of present production level of the herd or reduction of AFC or FCI. It was concluded that economic values of various first lactation traits were the most appropriate to construct selection indices as compared to other criteria of assigning relative economic weights in Murrah buffaloes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.495-503
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• 2017

Operators of nuclear power plants may not be equipped with sufficient information during a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA), which can be fatal, or they may not have sufficient time to analyze the information they do have, even if this information is adequate. It is not easy to predict the progression of LOCAs in nuclear power plants. Therefore, accurate information on the LOCA break position and size should be provided to efficiently manage the accident. In this paper, the LOCA break size is predicted using a cascaded fuzzy neural network (CFNN) model. The input data of the CFNN model are the time-integrated values of each measurement signal for an initial short-time interval after a reactor scram. The training of the CFNN model is accomplished by a hybrid method combined with a genetic algorithm and a least squares method. As a result, LOCA break size is estimated exactly by the proposed CFNN model.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2012

Purpose: Fracture strength of all-ceramic 3-unit fixed partial dentures manufactured by CAD/CAM and copy-milling systems were evaluated. Methods: Zirconia cores were made by milling the pre-sintered zirconia block by CAD/CAM or copy milling method followed by subsequent sintering. By building-up the corresponding porcelains on the core, all-ceramic bridges were fabricated, and those were evaluated in comparison with PFM fixed partial denture. Results: During the flexural test of the 3-unit PFM bridge, the porcelain started to chip or break at 507.28(${\pm}62.82$)kgf and the metal framework did not break until the maximum load level of 800kgf which was set in the testing instrument of this study. However, among all-ceramic restoration test groups, Everest(EV) group showed a peeling off or breakage of the porcelain from 365.64(${\pm}64.96$)kgf and the core was broken at 491.77(${\pm}55.62$)kgf. Those values of Zirkonzahn(ZR) were 431.03(${\pm}58.47$)kgf and 602.74(${\pm}48.44$)kgf, respectively. The break strength of the porcelain of PFM(PM) group was significantly higher than that of EV (p<0.05) group and there was no significant difference when comparing to that of ZR (p>0.05). ZR group showed higher break strength than that of EV group however there was no significant difference (p>0.05). The break strength of cores were in the increasing order of EV < ZR < PM (p<0.05). Conclusion: We could find that even though the PM group fractured at much higher value than all-ceramic cores, the breakage values of the porcelain of PM group with crack formation or delamination, which will be regarded as clinical failure, was significantly higher than that of EV group and not significantly higher than that of ZR group at p-values of 0.05. The break strength of ZR group was higher than that of EV group at an insignificant level(p>0.05).

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제41권
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• pp.43-67
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• 2000

The main source in financing the National Pension benefits is the contribution raised from the insured's earnings. So, Most of the insured take a great interest in the questions of what return on the payment of contribution National Pension benefits provide and whether there be the difference in return according to earnings level. The Purpose of this study is to assess money's worth of National Pension and to answer the above questions. There are two basic types of money worth analysis, empirical and hopothetical. This study basically belongs to the former in terms that it is based on actual earnings and insured term. For performing money's worth analysis, four different measures which are referred as the "break-even period", the "benefit/tax ratio", the "net lifetime transfer", the "internal rate of return" are used and they all involve the way in which the relationship between the present value of contributions and the present values of benefit is present. The results which evaluate average money's worth of accrued rights before 1999 are le as follows. Break-even period is about 43 months, benefit/tax ratio being 4.9, net lifetime transfers being about 37 mil1ion won, internal rate of return being 33.2%. This verifies that money' worth of National Pension is much higher than actuarially fair. In the mean while, money' worth is proved to be very different according to earnings level. The progressivity relationship between earnings level and rate of return is found in all measures but net lifetime transfer.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

Along with the recent trend toward increasing variety and shorter life of products in the market, evaluation of risk for economic investment alternatives is of practical importance in manufacturing companies. This paper assumes that each alternative is composed of demand volume and unit sales price as income factors, and unit variable cost and fixed cost as expense factors. The paper assumes that these four factors move worse from the originally expected values, toward the direction of decreasing profit. Values of these four factors are also assumed to fluctuate from year to year over the entire multi-period. By applying the analysis of the breakeven points to each of the four factors, safer area against these changes is represented on the two dimensional domain called normalized total-cost unit-cost domain. A practical numerical example is analyzed to verify the validity of the proposed method.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2004

원자력 시설의 사고시 환경으로 방출된 방사성물질로부터 초기 주민의 피해 최소화를 위한 대응행위 결정지원 방안으로 다속성 효용분석 법이 고찰되었다. 속성의 효용함수는 비선형 2차 함수로 가정하였으며, 속성의 가중계수는 swing weighting 방법을 사용하여 결정하였다. 본 연구는 원자력시설의 사고시 초기 대응행위 결정지원을 위한 다속성 효용분석법의 적용성에 한정하며, 스트레스 등과 같은 비정량적 속성은 아직까지 자료의 부족으로 포함하지 않았다. 가상사고 시나리오를 구성하여 무대응, 대피, 소개에 대해 속성 값의 변화에 따른 행위에 대한 총 효응 값을 고찰하였다. 적용한 결과, 피폭선량과 선량의 금전가의 변화에 따라 행위의 총 효용 값은 뚜렷이 다르게 나타났다. 피폭선량과 선량의 금전가의 증가에 따라 대피보다 사회적 영향 등 여러 측면에서 보다 극단적인 대응행위인 소개의 총 효용 값의 순위는 뚜렷이 증가한 반면, 무 대응의 순위는 감소하였다. 선량의 기대 확률도 대응행위 결정지원에 있어서 중요한 변수로 나타났는데, 상대적으로 고선량의 기대 확률이 높을수록 행위의 우선 순위가 바뀌는 교차점에서 선량의 금전가는 보다 낮게 나타냈다. 또한 선량에 대한 회피심리가 강하게 적응할수록 행위의 우선 순위가 바뀌는 선량의 교차점은 보다 낮게 나타났다.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2009

Clothes and human body are inseparably related. Aesthetic consciousness of the body determines the form of clothing, reflecting the time and culture as well as the individual and society. Clothes can even reorganize the meaning of the body, while transcending their instrumental functions of concealing, revealing, and deforming the body. Using �body�t o analyze the clothing form, my study develops a framework by which to classify the absence of physicality in fashion focusing on the deformation of the body parts. The absence of physicality denotes the break away from the idealized and standardized body for mass productions. It tends to experiment with extreme exaggeration in form refusing to subscribe to the traditional values that build on the balance and symmetry of the body, which opposes the sartorial convention and symbolism that results in the discord between signifiant and signifi? f clothing.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.85-109
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• 1996

Telemedicine can increase accessibility to advance medical technology at the university hospital for community residents living in a remote area. This paper focused on the economic evaluation of telemedicine to identify important factors influencing costs and benefits and to understand how these factors can be changed to improve economic performance of the telemedicine. When the telemedicine project currently operating in Korea was evaluated based on the traditional cost-benefit analysis, the results showed a heavy net loss wiht a B/C ration of 0.56. As several values were added to the analysis based on the Information Economics approach, B/C ratios steadly increased. When the saving of medical expenses from the early detection of diseases was taken into a consideration, the ration exceeded the break-even point. >From the sensitivity analysis, a number of patients and the cost for equipment and communication were found to be the key factors for influencing economic performance of telemedicine.

• 복식
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.96-111
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• 2012

This study is to analyze fashion phenomenon according to the concept of the characteristics of freewheeling to explain the de-constructive, eclectic, avant-garde tendencies in Contemporary Fashion. This study is to elicit the aesthetic characteristics through 400 pieces of visual data analysis from 2001S/S to 2011F/W that have the characteristics of freewheeling, nontechnical experiments do away with the classical form. The oriental ideas include the thoughts of different tastes that break the stereotypes according to the Western values and the pursuit of unconventional beauty. These also insist that everything in the world including human-being, nature and creation is not divided into two equal parts, and even beauty and ugliness originated from one. This study is to find the possibility of interpreting oriental aesthetics with open concepts that transcends the boundaries of full availability, unlike the Western values that accommodate the relative concept of the pursuit of diversity. Therefore, integrated and systematic approaches of oriental aesthetics that place much value on the coexistence of antithetic concepts are needed to understand the ambiguity of complexity and diversity in Contemporary fashion design.