• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2012

Plant regeneration has been optimized increasingly by organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis using a range of explants with tissue culture improvements focusing on factors, such as the age of the explant, genotype, media supplements and $Agrobacterium$ co-cultivation. The production of haploids and doubled haploids using microspores has accelerated the production of homozygous lines in Brassicaceae crop plants. Somatic cell fusion has facilitated the development of interspecific and intergeneric hybrids in sexually incompatible species of $Brassica$. Crop improvement using somaclonal variation has also been achieved. Transformation technologies are being exploited routinely to elucidate the gene function and contribute to the development of novel enhanced crops. The $Agrobacterium$-mediated transformation is the most widely used approach for the introduction of transgenes into Brassicaceae, and $in$ $vitro$ regeneration is a key factor in developing an efficient transformation method in plants. Although many other Brassicaceae are used as model species for improving plant regeneration and transformation systems, this paper focuses on the recent technologies used to regenerate the most important Brassicaceae crop plants.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 2011

우리나라에서 주로 재배되는 십자화과 작물(상추, 콜라비, 무, 배추, 양배추)의 종자 전염 병원균 중에서 세균성 병원균 Xanthomonns campestris pv. campestris(Xcc)와 바이러스 병원균 Lettuce Mosaic Virus(LMV)를 종자에서 동시검출하기 위한 One-step multiplex RT-PCR을 개발하였다. 각각의 병원균을 특이적으로 증폭시키는 병원균 검출용 프라이머 2종(Xcc-F/R, LMV-F/R)을 primerblast 프로그램을 이용하여 제작하였고 이들 프라이머 세트는 프라이머간 또는 병원균 cDNA간의 간섭없이 특이적으로 타겟 병원균만을 검출하였다. PCR을 이용한 병원균의 검출 최소 민감도는 1 ng이었다. 십자화과 작물중에서 유통 중인 콜라비 10품종, 상추 50품종, 무 20품종, 배추 20품종 그리고 양배추 20품종에 대한 종자 감염 병원균 검출을 위한 One-step multiplex RT-PCR 수행 결과, LMV는 전체 120품종 중에서 39품종에서 검출되었고, Xcc는 2개 품종에서 검출되었다. 그리고 50품종의 상추 종자 시료 중에 8품종의 시료에서 LMV와 Xcc가 동시 검출되었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 1990년도 추계 학술대회지
• /
• pp.38-39
• /
• 1990

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.473-479
• /
• 1994

종자가 수분을 흡수할 경우 종자의 내용물이 밖으로 누출되는데 일반적으로 퇴화종자에서 건전종자보다 월등하게 많이 누출되는 특성이 있다. 십자화과 식물의 종자는 형광물질인 sinapine을 함유하고 있어서 수분을 흡수할 경우 퇴화종자에서 다량의 형광물질을 밖으로 배출한다. 이러한 특성을 이용하여 종자를 cellulose로 코팅하여 sinapine을 Cellulose층에 흡착토록 함으로써 퇴화종자를 쉽게 종자 개개의 단위로 선별하는 방법을 개발하였다. 따라서 본 시험에서 국내에 재배되는 십자화과 채소종자에 대해서 이러한 새로운 종자선별법을 이용하여 종자를 선별한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 십자화과 채소종자의 퇴화종자에서 건전종자 보다 많은 양의 형광물질이 누출되었다. 2. 종자코팅을 통하여 형광종자와 무형광종자를 쉽게 구별할 수 있었다. 3. 형광종자의 비율은 퇴화종자가 많은 품종일수록 높았다. 4. 형광종자를 분리하여 제거하므로써 발아율이 약 5∼35%까지 향상되었다. 5. 무형광종자는 건전한 종자로써 발아율 및 종자세가 무처리종자보다 월등하였고, 형광종자는 대부분 발아하지 않았으며 발아한 묘는 거의가 비정상묘 였다.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.329-335
• /
• 2021

2017년 이후 강원도 고랭지배추는 클로버씨스트선충에 의한 피해를 받아 왔다. 저항성 배추 품종 재배는 씨스트선충 피해를 줄일 수 있는 가장 경제적인 방제 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 클로버씨스트선충 저항성 배추 신품종 육성을 위한 육종 소재 탐색을 위해 배추류 유전자원 총 57자원을 대상으로 클로버씨스트선충에 대한 저항성 검정을 수행하였다. 배추(Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis), 순무(B. rapa), Brassica sp., 갓(B. juncea), 겨자류(B. carinata, B. tournefortii), 경수채(B. rapa subsp. nipposinica), 다채(B. rapasubsp. narinosa), 평지(B. rapa var. perviridis), 루타바가(B. napus var. napobrassica), 로켓샐러드(Eruca sativa) 54자원은 뿌리에 클로버씨스트선충 암컷이 300개 이상 증식되어 매우 감수성인 것으로 나타났다. 겨자류 2자원(B. carinata, B. tournefortii)도 클로버씨스트선충 암컷이 각각 144개, 110개 증식되어 감수성인 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 겨자류 중에서 African mustard (B. tournefortii, 씨앗은행 관리번호 IT218058)는 클로버씨스트선충 암컷이 평균 4±1.8로 증식되어 저항성인 배추류 유전자원인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 선발된 African mustard (IT218058)는 클로버씨스트선충 저항성 배추 품종 육성을 위한 육종 소재로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.116-119
• /
• 2020

녹비작물을 이용한 선충 방제 기술 개발을 위해 클로버씨스트선충이 감염된 정선군 배추 포장에서 기름무 6품종과 백겨자 4품종의 녹비작물을 재배하였다. 2개월 후 트랙터 로터리를 이용하여 녹비작물을 토양에 환원시키고 1개월 동안 부숙시켰다. 이후 배추를 정식하고 70일이 경과한 다음 씨스트 선충에 대한 알 증식률과 배추의 생체중을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 기름무 Adios와 Anaconda 품종을 재배한 처리구의 토양에 존재하는 씨스트 내부의 알 밀도 감소율(Pf/Pi)은 각각 0.04, 0.02로 가장 낮았다. Adios와 Anaconda 처리구의 암컷의 증식수는 토양 300 ㎤당 각각 2.5마리, 3.5마리로 무처리를 비롯한 다른 처리구들보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 배추 3포기 생체중은 Adios와 Anaconda 처리구에서 각각 7.67 kg, 7.35 kg으로 나타나 무처리 5.64 kg보다 높았다. 본 연구결과에 따라 배추과 녹비작물인 기름무 Adios와 Anaconda 품종은 클로버씨스트선충의 친환경적인 방제 소재로 활용 가능하다고 판단된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.1-23
• /
• 2021

Resistance to diseases caused by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in crop species of the family Brassicaceae has been studied extensively, especially in members of the genus Brassica. The variation in response observed on resistant and susceptible plants inoculated with different isolates of TuMV is due to a combination of the variation in the plant resistome and the variation in the virus genome. Here, we review the breadth of this variation, both at the level of variation in TuMV sequences, with one eye towards the phylogeny and evolution of the virus, and another eye towards the nature of the various responses observed in susceptible vs. different types of resistance responses. The analyses of the viral genomes allowed comparisons of pathotyped viruses on particular indicator hosts to produce clusters of host types, while the inclusion of phylogeny data and geographic location allowed the formation of the host/geographic cluster groups, the derivation of both of which are presented here. Various studies on resistance determination in particular brassica crops sometimes led to further genetic studies, in many cases to include the mapping of genes, and in some cases to the actual identification of the genes. In addition to summarizing the results from such studies done in brassica crops, as well as in radish and Arabidopsis (the latter as a potential source of candidate genes for brassica and radish), we also summarize work done using nonconventional approaches to obtaining resistance to TuMV.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.218-221
• /
• 2013

Korean cabbage, a member of the Brassicaceae family which also includes cauliflower, mustard, radish, and turnip plants, is a crucial leafy vegetable crop. Korean cabbage is harvested after completion of the leaf heading process and is often prepared for use in "baechu kimchi", a traditional Korean food. Many of the components in Korean cabbage are essential for proper human nutrition; these components can be divided into two groups: primary metabolites, which include carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, and organic acids, and secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, carotenoids, sterols, phenolic acids, alkaloids, and glucosinolates (GSLs). Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, this study examined the variety of volatile compounds (including isothiocyanates) contained in Korean cabbage and its seed, which resulted in the identification of 16 and 12 volatile compounds, respectively. The primary volatile compound found in the cabbage was ethyl linoleolate (~23%), while 4,5-epithiovaleronitrile (~46%) was the primary volatile component in the seed.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.247-260
• /
• 2007

Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) is a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid pathway, which synthesizes numerous secondary metabolites to participate in development and adaption. Two C4H isoforms, the 2192-bp BnC4H-1 and 2108-bp BnC4H-2, were cloned from oilseed rape (Brassica napus). They both have two introns and a 1518-bp open reading frame encoding a 505-amino-acid polypeptide. BnC4H-1 is 57.73 kDa with an isoelectric point of 9.11, while 57.75 kDa and 9.13 for BnC4H-2. They share only 80.6% identities on nucleotide level but 96.6% identities and 98.4% positives on protein level. Showing highest homologies to Arabidopsis thaliana C4H, they possess a conserved p450 domain and all P450-featured motifs, and are identical to typical C4Hs at substrate-recognition sites and active site residues. They are most probably associated with endoplasmic reticulum by one or both of the N- and C-terminal transmembrane helices. Phosphorylation may be a necessary post-translational modification. Their secondary structures are dominated by alpha helices and random coils. Most helices locate in the central region, while extended strands mainly distribute before and after this region. Southern blot indicated about 9 or more C4H paralogs in B. napus. In hypocotyl, cotyledon, stem, flower, bud, young- and middle-stage seed, they are co-dominantly expressed. In root and old seed, BnC4H-2 is dominant over BnC4H-1, with a reverse trend in leaf and pericarp. Paralogous C4H numbers in Brassicaceae genomes and possible roles of conserved motifs in 5' UTR and the 2nd intron are discussed.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.344-344
• /
• 2017

The glycoprotein known as glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) is abundantly produced on the hyphae and spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil and roots. GRSP play a decisive role in the soil aggregation, but GRSP was also sensitive to agricultural managements. Thus, our objectives were to assess the effect of different cover crop incorporation on the GRSP content in soil and growth of subsequent soybean and maize. Pot experiments with the incorporation of four cover crops were set up. The same amount (666g) of aboveground plant parts of wheat (AMF host), hairy vetch (AMF host), mustard (non-host) and rapeseed (non-host) was separately incorporated into soils. The aboveground plant parts and roots of soybean and maize were grown in each incorporated pots and sampled at 6 and 9 weeks after sowing. Our results showed that the different cover crops incorporation affected soil biological and chemical properties such as EC, $NO_3-N$ content, ${\beta}-glucosidase$ activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and GRSP content. The soil EC and $NO_3-N$ content in the hairy vetch, mustard and rapeseed was higher compared to the wheat. The ${\beta}-glucosidase$ activity in the wheat and hairy vetch was significantly higher than that in the mustard and rapeseed, and the ALP activity in the wheat was significantly higher than that in the hairy vetch, mustard, and rapeseed. The GRSP content in the mustard and rapeseed was significantly lower than that of the hairy vetch and wheat. Moreover, The top dry weight and leaf area of soybean and maize in the hairy vetch at 6 weeks were significantly higher compared to the other treatments. Our results indicated that the incorporation of mustard and rapeseed may cause indirectly the decrease of GRSP content and soil enzyme activity in soil. One possible explanation for the decrease of GRSP in non-AMF host crop treatments may be the decrease of AMF density in the soil. AMF are not able to form a symbiotic relationship with Brassicaceae roots due to the release of anti-fungal compounds. This means the AMF may not be able to produce GRSP in the soil. However, the differences in the benefit of cover crop incorporation were shown only by a pot experiment. Comparative investigations of crop residue managements would be applied to both pot experiment and field study to clarify a better selection of cover crops in rotation to encourage GRSP production.