• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.243-251
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• 2017

Plants have evolved to adapt to abiotic stresses, such as salt, cold, and drought stress. In this study, we conducted an in-depth analysis of drought resistance mechanisms by constructing a gene co-expression network in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis L.). This drought stress co-expression network has 1,560 nodes, 4,731 edges, and 79 connected components. Based on genes that showed significant co-expression in the network, drought tolerance was associated with the induction of reactive oxygen species removal by raffinose family oligosaccharides and inositol metabolism. This network could be a useful tool for predicting the functions of genes involved in drought stress resistance in Chinese cabbage.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.864-871
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• 2014

Seed viability is affected by storage conditions and rapid loss of viability in storage is the major cause for low germination. This study was carried out to examine the effect of packaging materials and storage temperature on seed germination rate over 10 years in two species (Capsicum annuum L. and Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) and determine effective storage conditions for maintaining seed viability. Seeds were packaged in aluminum poly pouches under vacuum, polyethylene bottles, and paper bags containing silica gel and stored under one of two controlled conditions ($15^{\circ}C$, RH 40% or $5^{\circ}C$, RH 30%) or at ambient condition. Seed germination was recorded at 6-month intervals for 10 years. The seeds of both species showed no decline in viability until 6.5 years at 15 or $5^{\circ}C$, irrespective of packaging materials. However, under ambient conditions, the seeds of chili pepper and Chinese cabbage in paper bags lost viability after 4 and 5 years, respectively. By contrast, seeds of both species in vacuum-aluminum poly pouches exhibited a 99% germination rate after 6 years under ambient conditions. Pepper seeds in the vacuum-aluminum poly pouches maintained a 93% germination rate after 10 years in ambient conditions. These results indicated that a special seed storage facility for maintaining viability of chili pepper and Chinese cabbage seed might not be essential and seed testing would not be necessary for 10 years, if chili pepper and Chinese cabbage seeds were packed in ambient/vacuum-aluminum poly pouches or $5^{\circ}C$/vacuum-aluminum poly pouches.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2015

xBrassicoraphanus line BB#5, a new synthetic intergeneric hybrid between Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis and Raphanus sativus L. var. rafiphera induced by N-methyl-N-nitroso-urethane mutagenesis in microspore culture, shows high seed fertility and morphological uniformity. Dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using 5S and 45S rDNA probes and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) using B. rapa genomic DNA probe were carried out to analyze the chromosome composition and the meiosis pairing pattern compared to its parental lines. The somatic chromosome complement is 2n = 38, which consists of 17 metacentric and two submetacentric chromosomes with lengths of 2.18 to $5.01{\mu}m$. FISH karyotype analysis showed five and eight pairs of 5S and 45S rDNA loci. GISH meiosis pairing analysis showed that 19 complete bivalents were most frequent and accounted for 42% of the 100 pollen mother cells examined. Based on chromosome number, size, morphology, rDNA distribution, and meiosis pairing pattern, both parental genomes of B. rapa and R. sativus appear to exist in xBrassicoraphanus line BB#5, demonstrating its genome integrity. Such stable chromosome constitutions and meiotic pairing patterns in somatic and meiotic cells are very rare in natural and synthetic intergeneric hybrids. Chromosomal studies and genetic and phenotypic changes in allopolyploids a re discussed. The results p resented h erein will b e usef ul f or f urther g enomic s tudy o f xBrassicoraphanus lines and their improvement as promising new breeding varieties.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.299-307
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• 2013

A radish (Raphanus sativus L.) polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) gene was cloned and compared to the PGIP gene (BrPGIP2) from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) in order to gain more information on controlling a disease and improving produce quality. To clone the radish PGIP gene, primers were designed based on conserved sequences of two PGIP genes (BnPGIP1 and BnPGIP2) from rape (B. napus L. ssp. oleifera), Chinese cabbage and Arabidopsis thaliana. PCR cloning was performed with cDNA from the stigma of radish 'Daejinyeoreum' as a template to confirm DNA fragments which were about 600 base pair in size. Sequence analysis revealed 84.1% homology with BrPGIP2 and 70.1% with BnPGIP1. DNA walking was conducted to confirm the open reading frame of 972 bp, and the gene was named RsPGIP1. RsPGIP1 consisting with 323 amino acids (aa) has a high leucine content (54/323) and contains 10 leucine-rich repeat domains, as do most BrPGIPs of Chinese cabbage. The gene expression of RsPGIP1 was induced by abiotic stresses and methyl jasmonate. It showed enrichment in the stigma and the primary root than a leaf. Cloning RsPGIP1 will aid to further apply practices on postharvest quality maintenance and disease control of the root.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.399-401
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• 2015

This study investigated the plant growth promoting activity of geraniol on Chinese cabbage (Brasscia campestris ssp. Pekinensis Rupr.), Pak Choi (Brassica rapa L.), Crown daisy (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.), Iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Leaf perilla (Perilla frutescens Britt.). Geraniol at 0.5 to $10mg\;L^{-1}$ promoted radical growth of Chinese cabbage Pak Choi, Crown daisy, Iceberg lettuce and leaf perilla by >30%. In the pot experiments, geraniol treatment at $20mg\;L^{-1}$ by drenching increased up to 190% of the aerial part growth promotion. By comparison, foliar application showed 124% promoting activity only at $100mg\;L^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.657-666
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• 2022

Nitrogen (N) is a vital element in growing crops and is essential for improving the yield and quality of crops. Thus, N fertilizer is the most widely used fertilizer and the primary N input source in soil-crop systems. Inorganic fertilizers such as urea are known to improve crop productivity and increase soil fertility. However, application with excessive amounts can interfere with crop growth and accelerate soil acidification. For these reasons, the use of organic fertilizers, which mainly contain organic nitrogen, has gradually increased worldwide. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of N fertilizer on the growth of Chinese cabbage including its functional compounds glucosinolates (GSLs). For the cultivation of Chinse cabbage, inorganic fertilizer was used for urea, and organic fertilizers were divided into conventional and biochar-based fertilizers. The growth parameters of Chinese cabbage treated by organic fertilizers was better than those of the inorganic fertilizers. Additionally, it was found that their co-application was more efficient. However, their GSL contents were lower with the application of the organic fertilizers. The characteristics of the experimental soil also changed according to the type, amounts and co-application of fertilizers. Therefore, this study presents the basis for an eco-friendly method that can increase the functionality and productivity of Chinese cabbage compared to conventional cultivations.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.247-261
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• 2023

Kimchi cabbage is widely consumed in Korea, with the popularity of this pickled vegetable dish growing internationally due to its health benefits. In this study, the physical (size, color), functional (antioxidant activity, total polyphenol, and flavonoid content), and nutritional (water- and fat-soluble vitamins) characteristics of two new kimchi cabbage varieties, namely red and gold kimchi cabbages (RKC and GKC, respectively), were analyzed and compared with those of the common kimchi cabbage (CKC). There were no significant differences in the thickness or length of the three kimchi cabbages, although RKC had the narrowest outer leaves among the three varieties (11.94 cm). Regarding chromaticity, yellowness was highest in GKC (29.86), whereas redness was highest in RKC (9.31). Furthermore, RKC had the highest recorded vitamin B₆ and B₉ (1,288.5 ㎍/100 g and 776.7 ㎍ dietary folate equivalent/100 g, respectively). On the other hand, the fat-soluble vitamins vitamin A (β-carotene) and K (Phylloquinone) were both highest in GKC (907.1 ㎍/100 g and 712.2 ㎍/100 g, respectively). Generally, all kimchi cabbage samples contained high levels of vitamin E (1.8-4.9 mg α-tocopherol equivalent/100 g). RKC attained the highest antioxidant activity and total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents among the three kimchi cabbages. These results show that gold and red kimchi cabbage can be used as raw materials in the food-processing industry.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.182-190
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• 2013

This study investigated the quality characteristics between spring cultivars of Kimchi cabbage(Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinesis). We measured the weight, length, width, formation index, midrib thickness and moisture contents of fresh Kimchi cabbage for characteristics of growth. And we analyzed the free sugar, amino acid, organic acid, mineral, pectin and cellulose contents of fresh Kimchi cabbage. The hardness and firmness were measured for texture of fresh Kimchi cabbage. The weight of 'K-power' cultivar was the highest than other cultivars. The 'Jeongsang' cultivars was the thinnest midrib thickness in cultivars, but it was not significantly different. The free sugar levels of spring cultivars was the highest in 'Chunkwang'. Malic acid content of 'Jeongsang' was significantly different among spring cultivars. Also amino acid content of 'K-power' and 'Chunkwang' were significantly different among spring cultivars Mineral content in 'K-power' and 'Bomaknorang' were greater than that of other cultivars. Especially Na, Ca and Mg contents of 'K-power' and 'Bomaknorang' were higher four times than that of other cultivars. Pectin content of 'Jeongsang' was higher than that of other cultivars, but it was not significantly different. Hardness and Firmness were not significantly different among spring cultivars.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.326-331
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• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of row cover materials supported by flexible FRP frames with three kinds of non-woven fabric, and five kinds of net in leaf vegetable cultivation. Leaf radish (Raphanus sativus L.), Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) were sown on May 21, 2003, and leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was planted at the same date in Agricultural Research Center for Climate Change, Jeju, Korea. Net coverings showed higher light transmittance than in non-woven fabric coverings. The average air and soil temperatures increased by $0.3{\sim}1.0^{\circ}C$ in net coverings and $0.5{\sim}3.0^{\circ}C$ in non-woven fabric coverings, respectively. There was no difference in relative humidity among the covering materials. All the vegetables showed higher growths and yields in non-woven coverings than in non-covering. The yields increased 81% in leaf lettuce, 58% in leaf radish, and 93% in Chinese cabbage, respectively. In addition, the insect damages were considerably reduced in the row covering plots than in the control, especially in non-woven fabric coverings.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.211-215
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• 2011

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-like isolate was collected from Raphanus sativus (cv. Choon-hyang), which showed mosaic symptoms. The isolate was confirmed to a strain of CMV by host responses in Vigna unguiculata, Chenopodium amaranticolor and Gomphrena globosa, by viral genome composition with RT-PCR and PCR-RFLP, and by serological analysis. Symptom developed by the strain of CMV was severe in Nicotiana benthamiana, N. glutinosa, N. tabacum (cv. Samsun, cv. Xanthi), Cucumis melo (cv. Early hanover), Cucumis sativus (cv. White wonder), Capsicum annuum (cv. Chung-yang and cv. Geum-top), but mild symptom was developed in Raphanus sativus (cv. Choon-hyang), Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis (cv. Bul-Am No. 3), and B. juncea (cv. Daenong Jukgot). Newly isolated strain of CMV could infect diverse crops including Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Brassicaceae. We designated the new strain of CMV as Gn-CMV based on the novel infectivity of Brassicaceae. In double-stranded (ds) RNA analysis, Gn-CMV consisted of 3.3, 3.0, and 2.2 kb genomes likewise other strains of CMV. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed 28 kDa of the CMV coat protein. By restriction enzyme mapping using Cac8I, ClaI and MspI of RT-PCR products indicated that Gn-CMV belongs to CMV subgroup I.