• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2023

This study investigates the impact of corporate governance (defined as companies' ownership structure and board of directors' characteristics) on cash holdings in the context of Oman. This study leverages a quantitative panel pooled regression on a dataset of Omani non-financial firms from 2009-2015. The findings of this study are generally in line with the predictions of Agency Theory and Mentoring and Busyness Hypotheses. The analysis demonstrates that a large stockholder size has a significant positive relationship with cash holding. Meanwhile, a positive (but insignificant) relationship was also found between institutional ownership and cash holding. Furthermore, state ownership was found to exhibit a significant negative relationship with cash holding. In terms of the board of directors' traits, this study's findings suggest that board sizes have a positive (but insignificant) relationship with cash holding. Furthermore, busy and independent boards were found to have a significant positive relationship with cash holding. The above findings suggest that boards with such traits are less effective in providing oversight on managers' actions, which would then increase Omani non-financial firms' cash holdings.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.25-48
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• 1996

Mixed Model Assembly Lines (MMALs) are increasingly used to produce differentiated products on a single assembly line without work-in-process storage, Usually, a typical MMAL consists of a number of (1) stations doing exactly the same operation on every job, (2) stations involving operations with different choices, and (3) stations offering operations that are not performed on every job, or that are performed on every job but with many options. For stations of the first type there is no sequencing problem at all. However, for the second type a set-up cost is incurred each time the operation switches from one choice to another. At the third type of stations, different models, requring different amounts and choices of assembly work, creates an uneven flow of work along the line and variations in the work load at these stations. When a subsequence of jobs requires more work load than the station can handle, it is necessary to help the operations at the station or to complete the work elsewhere. Therefore, a schedule which minimize the sum of set-up cost and utility work cost is desired. So this study has developed Fixed Random Ordering Rule (FROR), Fixed Ascending Ordering Rule (FAOR), Fixed Descending Ordering Rule, and Extended NHR (ENHR). ENHR is to choose optimal color ordering of each batch with NHR, and to decide job sequence of the batch with it, too. As the result of experiments, ENHR was the best heuristic algorithm. NHR is a new heuristic rule in which only the minimum addition of violations from both partial sequence and unassigned sequence at every branch could be considered. And this is a heuristic sequencing rule for the third type of stations at MMAL. This study developed one more heuristic algorithm to test the performance of NHR, which is named as Practical Heuristic Rule (PHR).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2004

By Article two of a Japanese urban park low, it prescribes park facilities strictly, and one of the classifications includes 'path and plaza'. In addition, it is assumed that we divide several kinds different paths of width by size of the park in a path design of a park with a textbook of park design in a trunk line path, the main path, a vice-path or a branch path and design it. From such a thing, in the path of an urban park, a line consists straight of fixed width, and it is most that one pattern is considered to be. Therefore, in modem urban park, a path and division of a plaza are lucid explanation. It is rare that the historical parks which generally former daimyo gardens are shown later, and is used as a kind of an urban park width of the path where was particularly posted in a strolling garden in that is fixed, and width waits straight for even a line and waits, and, for this, there is. As a result, it is a path and the situation that are hard to be distinguished of a plaza. Although there are a difference of design and a difference of pavement materials in modem landscape space when We watch road surface constitution of the path that We did that will let you wait, in gross We are uniform, and it is it with a result to be poor in change nature. From such an observation, this consideration compared traditional landscape space and modem landscape space with path width about two points of road surface constitution through the trial that a graph analyzed the actual place data which measured into and lectured on an ideal method of a park path from this.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

Purpose: This study investigates the effects of task-oriented training for a left trunk flexion pattern using real-time ultrasound imaging in a stroke patient with unilateral neglect symptoms. Methods: This study used the ABA experimental design, which is a single-subject research method among individual case research methods. For the ABA experimental design, changes in the degree of unilateral neglect, balance ability, and the thickness of the lateral abdominal muscle were visually analyzed during the baseline process, in the intervention period, and after the intervention. The experiments were performed 24 times in total for 8 times in each of the 3 periods. The unilateral neglect was measured using the Albert test, balance ability was measured using the Berg balance test, and the thickness of the lateral abdominal muscle was measured using ultrasound imaging. The subject was a 50-year-old male patient with unilateral neglect caused by right cerebral hemorrhage. He performed task-oriented training for a voluntary left trunk flexion pattern using real-time ultrasound imaging during the intervention period. Results: The result of comparing the data collected during the intervention period with the data point average of the baseline process showed that balance ability improved and the tendency line was above the baseline. The tendency line of unilateral neglect was below the baseline and showed a decreasing tendency. The thickness of the lateral abdominal muscle showed an increasing trend and the tendency line was above the baseline. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the task-oriented training for left trunk flexion pattern using real-time ultrasound imaging has a beneficial effect on balance ability, the degree of unilateral neglect, and the strength of the lateral abdominal muscle in unilateral neglect patients.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2016

Aiming at analyzing the power flow of the distribution systems with distribution transformer (DT) branches and PV nodes, a hybrid three-phase power flow methodology is presented in this paper. The incidence formulas among node voltages, loop currents and node current injections have been developed based on node-branch incidence matrix of the distribution network. The method can solve the power flow directly and has higher efficiency. Moreover, the paper provides a modified method to model DT branches by considering winding connections, phase shifting and off-nominal tap ratio, and then DT branches could be seen like one transmission line with the proposed power flow method. To deal with the PV nodes, an improved approach to calculate reactive power increment at each PV node was deduced based on the assumption that the positive-sequence voltage magnitude of PV node is fixed at a given value. Then during calculating the power flow at each iteration, it only needs to update current injection at each PV node with the proposed algorithm. The process is very simple and clear. The results of IEEE 4 nodes and the modified IEEE 34 nodes test feeders verified the correctness and efficiency of the proposed hybrid power flow algorithm.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.16 no.1 s.92
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• pp.66-77
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• 2005

This paper proposed a novel broadband PIFA(Planar Inverted-F Antenna) for IMT-2000/WLAN/DMB terminal. Two branch lines for meander line were utilized in order to improve the characteristics of PIFA which usually has a narrow band. The shorting strip between the ground plane and meander-type radiation elements were used in order to minimize the size of the antenna. The -10 dB return loss bandwidth of a realized antenna was $38.2{\%}$(1.84~2.71 GHz), which contains the broadband bandwidth with triple band. And the simulated and measured values of 1 g and 10 g averaged peak SAR on human head caused by the triple band PIFA mounted on folder-type handsets were analyzed and discussed. As a result, the measured 1 g and 10 g averaged peak SARs of PIFA were similar with the simulated values and were lower than the 1.6 W/kg and 2 W/kg of 1 g and 10 g averaged peak SAR limits.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.265-270
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• 2016

Objectives: To gain information on anatomical variation in anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps in a series of clinical cases, with special focus on perforators and pedicles, for potential use in reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial soft tissue defects. Materials and Methods: Eight patients who underwent microvascular reconstructive surgery with ALT free flaps after ablative surgery for oral cancer were included. The number of perforators included in cutaneous flaps, location of perforators (septocutaneous or musculocutaneous), and the course of vascular pedicles were intraoperatively investigated. Results: Four cases with a single perforator and four cases with multiple perforators were included in the ALT flap designed along the line from anterior superior iliac spine to patella. Three cases had perforators running the septum between the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscle (septocutaneous type), and five cases had perforators running in the vastus lateralis muscle (musculocutaneous type). Regarding the course of vascular pedicles, five cases were derived from the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (type I), and three cases were from the transverse branch (type II). Conclusion: Anatomical variation affecting the distribution of perforators and the course of pedicles might prevent use of an ALT free flap in various reconstruction cases. However, these issues can be overcome with an understanding of anatomical variation and meticulous surgical dissection. ALT free flaps are considered reliable options for reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the oral and maxillofacial area.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.933-939
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• 2010

In this paper, modified spiral monopole printed antenna for dual band operation in GPS(1.57~1.577 GHz) and WiBro(2.3~2.4 GHz), WLAN(2.4~2.48 GHz) is proposed. To control the frequency ratio of the antenna for dual band operation freely, distance between inner lines of the spiral is diversified by using the different current distribution between basic resonance frequency of spiral monopole antenna and harmonic resonance frequency$(3\lambda_H/4)$. And also the branch line is inserted. Bandwidth(-10 dB) of the antenna is measured 140 MHz(1.47~1.61 GHz) in basic resonance frequency and 420 MHz(2.29~2.71 GHz) in harmonic resonance frequency$(3\lambda_H/4)$. The peak antenna gains are measured 2.825 dBi in GPS(1.57 GHz), and 3.65 dBi in WiBro(2.35 GHz), and 4.564 dBi in WLAN(2.44 GHz).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the first branch of the bladder meridian (FBBM) as determined by the proportional bone measurement method (PBMM), to the line formed by the erector spinae muscle group, and to establish an academic basis for selection of acupuncture points and needling. Methods: Sixty participants were divided into 3 groups based on body mass index (BMI) and into 2 groups based on waist/height ratios. The distance from the midline of the spine to the first branch of the bladder meridian with PBMM (DFBBM), and the distance from the midline of the spine to the most elevated fleshy region of the erector spinae (DMEFR), at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous processes of L1-L5, were measured. The DFBBM and the 5 DMEFRs were then analyzed according to BMI and the waist/height ratio. Results: DFBBM was statistically different from DMEFR in all back-shu points in the lumbar region. DFBBM was not significantly different from DMEFR in the groups with a high BMI or waist/height ratio. However, there was a statistical difference in the groups with a low or moderate BMI or low waist/height ratio. Conclusion: Since the location of the most elevated fleshy region of the erector spinae does not coincide with the location of the FBBM, the selection of back-shu points in the lumbar region must be performed precisely by PBMM.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.131-146
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• 2011

This dissertation analyzed the satisfaction of corrective counseling programs for Korean domestic violence offenders. I conducted a survey of Korean domestic violence offenders scattered throughout the country. The survey period was between Mar Feb. 20, 2006 and Apr. 29, 2006. The specific objects of the survey are the 250 domestic violence offenders who got counseling in the Goyang branch office of the Justice Ministry-affiliated Uijeongbu Probation & Parole Center, Ansan Citizen Welfare Society's domestic violence counseling center, Korea Domestic Violence Counseling Center Association, Korea Women's Hot Line, Korea Family Law Counseling Center and its branch offices throughout the country, and the counseling centers commissioned by the court for domestic violence offenders. The study was based on a poll on 182 of the 250 offenders. The research result includes: First, the satisfaction of corrective counseling programs for offenders varies depending upon the age, educational background, location, job, income, and childhood abuse of offenders. In particular, the less experience of childhood abuse leads to greater effect of education. Second, of the types of corrective counseling programs for offenders, the satisfaction for those in couple counseling is the greatest. This is because couple counseling is more influential than individual in the professional education that helps to share and understand couple problems.