• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.27-31
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• 1965

춘기발아전에 지조를 각각 선단벌채, 조장의 1/3, $\frac{1}{2}$, 2/3 벌채하여 발아 생장하는 신아의 발육상황을 조사하였다. (1) 지조를 벌채하면 불발아비율이 대체적으로 감소하여 무처리구의 반이하로 되는 것인데 1/3 벌채구가 가장 그 비율이 적어진다. 그리고 또 지조를 벌채하면 불발아는 지조의 하반부에 집중한다. (2) 지조를 벌채하여도 발아를 촉진시키는 일은 없고 도리어 약간 늦어지는 경향이 있는 것 같지마는 발아후의 개엽속도는 매우 빨라져서 탈순에서부터 제 5개엽기까지의 소요일수는 무처리구의 16일에 비하여 벌채 각구는 7~9일이며 그 중 가장 빠른 것은 2/3벌채구의 7일이다. (3) 지조를 벌채하면 신아의 발육을 촉진시켜서 5월 5일부터 6월 10일까지 45일간의 생장량이 무처리구의 34cm에 비하여 벌채각구는 그 1.6~2.5배나 생장하여 가장 생장량이 큰 것이 2/3벌채구의 83cm이다. 그리고 벌채각구는 생장속도도 무처리구에 비하여 빠르다. (4) 엽수의 증가비율은 무처리구에 비하여 벌채각구가 약간 많기는 하지만 그 차는 그리 크지 않다. (5) 신아의 총생장량은 무처리구에 비하여 벌채각구가 현저하게 많으며 2/3벌채구는 생장계적아수가 벌채각구중에서 가장 적지만은 1아의 평균아장이 가장 길다. (6) 신소삽목의 삽수를 되도록 빨리 채취하기 위해서는 조장의 2/3정도를 벌채하는 것이 적당할 것 같다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was carried out to observe the foot gworeum meridian muscle from a viewpoint of human anatomy on the assumption that the meridian muscle system is basically matched to the meridian vessel system as a part of the meridian system, and further to support the accurate application of acupuncture in clinical practice. Methods: Meridian points corresponding to the foot gworeum meridian muscle at the body surface were labeled with latex, being based on Korean standard acupuncture point locations. In order to expose components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle, the cadaver was then dissected, being respectively divided into superficial, middle, and deep layers while entering more deeply. Results: Anatomical components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle in human are composed of muscles, fascia, ligament, nerves, etc. The anatomical components of the foot gworeum meridian muscle in cadaver are as follows: 1. Muscle: Dorsal pedis fascia, crural fascia, flexor digitorum (digit.) longus muscle (m.), soleus m., sartorius m., adductor longus m., and external abdominal oblique m. aponeurosis at the superficial layer, dorsal interosseous m. tendon (tend.), extensor (ext.) hallucis brevis m. tend., ext. hallucis longus m. tend., tibialis anterior m. tend., flexor digit. longus m., and internal abdominal oblique m. at the middle layer, and finally posterior tibialis m., gracilis m. tend., semitendinosus m. tend., semimembranosus m. tend., gastrocnemius m., adductor magnus m. tend., vastus medialis m., adductor brevis m., and intercostal m. at the deep layer. 2. Nerve: Dorsal digital branch (br.) of the deep peroneal nerve (n.), dorsal br. of the proper plantar digital n., medial br. of the deep peroneal n., saphenous n., infrapatellar br. of the saphenous n., cutaneous (cut.) br. of the obturator n., femoral br. of the genitofemoral n., anterior (ant.) cut. br. of the femoral n., ant. cut. br. of the iliohypogastric n., lateral cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T11), and lateral cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T6) at the superficial layer, saphenous n., ant. division of the obturator n., post. division of the obturator n., obturator n., ant. cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T11), and ant. cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T6) at the middle layer, and finally tibialis n. and articular br. of tibial n. at the deep layer. Conclusion: The meridian muscle system seemed to be closely matched to the meridian vessel system as a part of the meridian system. This study shows comparative differences from established studies on anatomical components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle, and also from the methodical aspect of the analytic process. In addition, the human foot gworeum meridian muscle is composed of the proper muscles, and also may include the relevant nerves, but it is as questionable as ever, and we can guess that there are somewhat conceptual differences between terms (that is, nerves which control muscles in the foot gworeum meridian muscle and those which pass nearby) in human anatomy.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.655-661
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• 2017

Fiber reinforced concretes exhibit higher tensile strength depending on the percent and type of the fiber used. These concretes are used to reduce cracks and improve concrete behavior. The use of these fibers increases the production costs and reduces the compressive strength to a certain extent. Therefore, the use of fiber reinforced concrete in regions where higher tensile strength is required can cut costs and improve the overall structural strength. The behavior of fiber reinforced concrete and normal concrete adjacent to each other was investigated in the present study. The concrete used was self-compacting and did not require vibration. The samples had 0, 1, 2 and 4 wt% polypropylene fibers. 15 cm sample cubes were subjected to uniaxial loads to investigate their compressive strength. Fiber Self-Compacting Concrete was poured in the mold up to 0, 30, 50, 70 and 100 percent of the mold height, and then Self-Compacting Concrete without fiber was added to the empty section of that mold. In order to investigate concrete behavior under bending moment, concrete beam samples with similar conditions were prepared and subjected to the three-point bending flexural test. The results revealed that normal Self-Compacting Concrete and Fiber Self-Compacting Concrete may be used in adjacent to each other in structures and structural members. Moreover, no separation was observed at the interface of Fiber Self-Compacting Concrete and Self-Compacting Concrete, either in the cubic samples under compression or in the concrete beams under bending moment.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.52-62
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• 2013

Objectives: To investigate the association between psychological distress and obesity among law enforcement officers (LEOs) in the United States. Methods: Self-reported data on psychological distress based on six key questions were obtained from LEOs who participated in the National Health Interview Survey (2004-2010). We used Prochaska's cut-point of a Kessler 6 score ${\geq}5$ for moderate/high mental distress in our analysis. Mean levels of body mass index (BMI) were compared across three levels of psychological distress. Results: The average age of LEOs (n = 929) was 39.3 years; 25% were female. Overall, 8.1% of LEOs had moderate or high psychological distress; 37.5% were obese (BMI ${\geq}30$). Mean BMI increased with increasing psychological distress (no distress, BMI = $27.2kg/m^2$; mild distress, $27.6kg/m^2$; and moderate/high distress, $33.1kg/m^2$; p = 0.016) after adjustment for age, race, income, and education level among female officers only. Physical activity modified the association between psychological distress and BMI but only among male LEOs (interaction p = 0.002). Among male LEOs reporting low physical activity, psychological distress was positively associated with BMI ($30.3kg/m^2$ for no distress, 30.7 for mild distress, 31.8 for moderate/high distress; p = 0.179) after adjustment, but not significantly. This association was not significant among males reporting high physical activity. Conclusion: Mean BMI significantly increased as psychological distress increased among female LEOs. A longitudinal study design may reveal the directionality of this association as well as the potential role that physical activity might play in this association.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2016

In this paper we consider the problem of finding the triplet (S,${\pi}$,f), where $S{\subseteq}V$, ${\pi}$ is a sequence of nodes in S and $f:V{\backslash}S{\rightarrow}S$ for a given complete graph G=(V,E). In particular, there exist two costs, $c^V_{uv}$ and $c^D_{uv}$ for $(u,v){\in}E$, and the cost of triplet (S,${\pi}$,f) is defined as $\sum_{i=1}^{{\mid}S{\mid}}c^V_{{\pi}(i){\pi}(i+1)}+2$ ${\sum_{u{\in}V{\backslash}S}c^D_{uf(u)}$. This problem is motivated by the integrated routing of the vehicle and drone for urban delivery services. Since a well-known NP-complete TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) is a special case of our problem, we cannot expect to have any polynomial-time algorithm unless P=NP. Furthermore, for practical purposes, we may not rely on time-exhaustive enumeration method such as branch-and-bound and branch-and-cut. This paper suggests the simple heuristic which is motivated by the MST (minimum spanning tree)-based approximation algorithm and neighborhood search heuristic for TSP.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제5A권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2005

This paper proposes a new method for choice of the best transmission system expansion plan on the side of highest satisfaction level of decision maker using fuzzy integer programming. The proposed method considers the permissibility and ambiguity of the investment budget (economics) for constructing the new transmission lines and the delivery marginal rate (reliability criteria) of the system by modeling the transmission expansion problem as a fuzzy integer programming one. It solves the optimal strategy (reasonable as well as flexible) using a fuzzy set theory-based on branch and bound method that utilizes a network flow approach and the maximum flow-minimum cut set theorem. Under no or only a very small database for the evaluation of reliability indices, the proposed technique provides the decision maker with a valuable and practical tool to solve the transmission expansion problem considering problem uncertainties. Test results on the 63-bus test system show that the proposed method is practical and efficiently applicable to transmission expansion planning.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.263-268
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• 1993

This study was conducted to detect the serum antibody of toxoplasma in swine from breeding-pig, rearing-pig farm and slaughtered pig in abattior by latex agglutination(LA) test. The perfomance of LA test was carried out with commercial Toxo-MT kit(Eiken Chemical Co.)by Tsubota and Ozawa's method. The cut-off titer of positive and negative reactions by Toxo-MT antigen used in this experiment was determined as the serum titer of 1 : 32. Positive rate of toxoplasma antibody from the total of 823 serum samples by LA test was 17.0%(140 cases). And positive rates of toxoplasma antibody against serum samples of 194 from breeding-pig farm, 273 from rearing-pig farm and 356 from abattior were 91 cases(46. 9%), 23 cases(8.4%) and 26 cases(7.3%), respectively. The distributions of serum antibody titers in 823 test sera by LA test were shown 51 cases(36.3%) in 1:32, 40(28.6%) in 1:64, 17(12.1%) in 1:128, 14(10.0%) in 1:256, 3(2.1%) in 1:512, 5(3.6%) in 1:1024 and 3(2.1%) in 1:2048. The ranges of positive rate from the sera in each group of breeding-pig farms were 20~61.9%.

• ALGAE
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2022

The trend in naming genera based almost exclusively on molecular data, and not on morphological diagnostic characters, is increasing. In bifurcating phylogenetic trees generic cut-offs are arbitrary, but at the bare minimum nomenclatural changes should be supported by multiple phylogenetic methodologies using appropriate models for all the various gene partitions, strong support with all branch support methods, and should also result in adding to our knowledge of the interrelationships of taxa. We believe that a recent taxonomic treatment of the genus Pyropia (Yang et al. 2020) into several genera is unwarranted. We reanalysed the data presented in the recent article, using additional phylogenetic methods. Our results show that many of the newly established genera are not well supported by all methods, and the new circumscription of the genus Pyropia renders it unsupported. We also tested additional outgroups, which were previously suggested as sister to Pyropia, but this did not substantially change our conclusions. These generic nomenclatural changes of the previously strongly supported genus Pyropia, do not shed light on the evolution of this group and have serious consequences in these commercially important algae, that are also governed by a plethora of regulation and by-laws that now need to be amended. We suggest that the over-splitting of groups based only on poorly produced and modestly supported phylogenies should not be accepted and that the genus Pyropia sensu Sutherland et al. (2011) be restored.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 2006년도 춘계공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.17-24
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• 2006

We consider the sensor location problem (SLP) on a given sensor field. We present the sensor field as grid of points. There are several types of sensors which have different detection ranges and costs. If a sensor is placed in some point, the points inside of its detection range can be covered. The coverage ratio decreases with distance. The problem we consider in this thesis is called multiple-type differential coverage sensor location problem (MDSLP). MDSLP is more realistic than SLP. The coverage quantities of points are different with their distance form sensor location in MDSLP. The objective of MDSLP is to minimize total sensor costs while covering every sensor field. This problem is known as NP-hard. We propose a new integer programming formulation of the problem. In comparison with the previous models, the new model has a smaller number of constraints and variables. This problem has symmetric structure in its solutions. This group is used for pruning in the branch-and-bound tree. We solved this problem by branch-and-cut(B&C) approach. We tested our algorithm on about 60 instances with varying sizes.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제9권
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• pp.7-13
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• 1969

다간식 정지에 있어서 그 기조의 벌채를 어떻게 하는 것이 뽕의 수량과 정(十)의 상관관계가 있는 총조장과 총조경 및 총조장$\times$총조경들을 증대시킬 수가 있는가를 알기 위하여 시험한 결과를 들면 다음과 같다. (1) 춘벌한 경우에는 전기조 5 cm 균일 벌채구와 태조 10 cm 세조 5 cm 벌채구가 이들이 가장 크다. (2) 하벌한 경우에는 1지간중 상위부분의 기조는 5cm 하잎의 것은 10cm. 벌채구와 태조 l0cm 세조 5cm 벌채구 및 전기조 5cm 균일 벌채구가 가장 크다. (3) 춘벌을 통해서 볼 때에 그 전지 기술이 단순한한 전기조 5cm 균일벌채구가 가장 유리할 것 같다.