• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.1827-1838
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• 2022

Objective: The semen quality of stallions including sperm motility is an important target of selection as it has a high level of individual variability. However, effects of the molecular architecture of the genome on the mechanisms of sperm formation and their preservation after thawing have been poorly investigated. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the sperm motility of cryopreserved semen in stallions of various breeds. Methods: Semen samples were collected from the stallions of 23 horse breeds. The following semen characteristics were examined: progressive motility (PM), progressive motility after freezing (FPM), and the difference between PM and FPM. The respective DNA samples from these stallions were genotyped using Axiom Equine Genotyping Array. Results: We performed a GWAS search for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and potential genes related to motility properties of frozen-thawed semen in the stallions of various breeds. As a result of the GWAS analysis, two SNP markers, rs1141327473 and rs1149048772, were identified that were associated with preservation of the frozen-thawed stallion sperm motility, the relevant putative candidate genes being NME/NM23 family member 8 (NME8), olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily AP member 1 (OR2AP1), and olfactory receptor family 6 subfamily C member 4 (OR6C4). Potential implications of effects of these genes on sperm motility are herein discussed. Conclusion: The GWAS results enabled us to localize novel SNPs and candidate genes for sperm motility in stallions. Implications of the study for horse breeding and genetics are a better understanding of genomic regions and candidate genes underlying stallion sperm quality, and improvement in horse reproduction and breeding techniques. The identified markers and genes for sperm cryotolerance and the respective genomic regions are promising candidates for further studying the biological processes in the formation and function of the stallion reproductive system.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2015

Indocyanine green(ICG) and 5-aminolevulinic acid(5-ALA) have been widely used to mark blood vessels or tumors. However, fluorescent dye detection systems were designed to use one type of dyes only. In this study, we proposed a detection system capable of detecting Indocyanine green and 5-aminolevulinic acid. Multiple filters and light sources are integrated into a single system. In this study, we performed analysis of fluorescent dyes and configured a detection system. During the analysis, it was found that Indocyanine green and 5-aminolevulinic acid have the maximum intensity at $40{\mu}M$. We designed light source for fluorescent dyes and conducted compatibility test using a commercial surgical microscope. The fluorescent dye detection system was configured based on the experimental results. The developed system successfully detects Indocyanine green and 5-aminolevulinic acid. Therefore, more efficient surgical operations can be achieved using both fluorescent dyes at the same time. We expect that the developed system can increase the survival rate of patients.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.1164-1171
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• 2020

T-junction structures play an important role in nuclear power plant systems. Research on liquid entrainment is mostly based on small-scale branch pipes (d/D ≤ 0.2) and attention paid to large-scale branch pipes (0.33 < d/D < 1) is insufficient. Accordingly, this study implements a series of experiments on the liquid entrainment of T-junction with different angles (32.2°,47.9°,62.3°,90°) through a large-scale branch (d/D = 0.675). The onset liquid entrainment is related to the gas phase Froude number Fr_g, the dimensionless gas chamber height h_b/d and the branch pipe angle 𝜃. As Fr_g increases, h_b/d also rises. With a constant h_b/d, the onset liquid entrainment changes from droplets entrainment by the gas phase to that by the rising liquid film. The steady-state liquid entrainment is related to w_3g, h/d and 𝜃. With constant w_3g and h/d, the branch quality grows as the branch angle increases. With a certain h/d, the branch quality increases, as the w_3g number increases.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.3277-3285
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• 1996

In this paper, w designed an opical power distribution device for application to an optical switching and an optical subscriber loop. We fabricated PSG thin film by LPCVD. Based on the measured index of fabricted thin film, rib-type waveguide was transformed to two-dimension by the effective index method and we simulated dispersion property to find asingle-mode condition. We found that the optimum design parameters of rib-type waveguide are:cladding layer of 3.mu.m, core layer of 3.mu.m, buffer layer of 10.mu.m, and core width of 4.mu.m. Each side of the guiding region was etched down to 4.mu.m to shape the core. We used these optimum parameters of the rib-type waveguide with branching angle of 0.5.deg. and simulted the Y-branch waveguide by the BPM simulation. Numerical loss in branching area was claculated to be 0.1581dB and equal to the total loss of the Y-branch. The loss of the fabricated Y-branch waveguide on PSG film ws 1.6dB at .lambda.=1.3.mu.m before annealing but was 1.2dB after annealing at 1000.deg. C for 10 minutes. Consequently, the loss of branching area from 3000.mu.m to 6000.mu.m in the z-direction was 0.8dB, and single-mode propagation was confirmed by measuring the near field pattern. For coupling the fabricated Y-branch waveguide with an optical fiber, we fabricated V-groove which was used as the upholder of optical fiber. An etching angle was 54.deg. and the width and depth of guiding groove was 150.mu.m, 70.mu.m, respectively. The optical fiber is inserted onto V-groove. Both the Y-branch and V-groove were connected through the index matching oil. Coupling loss after connecting Y-branch and the optical fiber on V-groove was 0.34dB and that after injecting index mateching oil was 0.14dB.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2001

ILP processors require an accurate branch prediction scheme to achieve higher performance. Two-Level branch predictor has been known to achieve high prediction accuracy. But, when a branch accesses a PHT entry that was, previously updated by other branch, Two-level predictor may cause interferences. Negative interferences among all interferences have a negative effect on performance, since they can cause branch mispredictions. Agree predictor achieve high prediction accuracy by converting negative interferences to positive interferences by adding bias bits to BTB, but negative interferences may occur when bias bit is set incorrectly. This paper presents a new dynamic branch predictor which reduces negative interferences. In the proposed predictor, we attach hit bits to entries in BTB to change bias bit dynamically during the execution time, h a result the proposed scheme improve the accuracy of prediction by reducing negative Interferences effectively, To illustrate the effect of the proposed scheme, we evaluate the performance of this scheme using SPEC92int benchmarks, The results show that the proposed scheme can outperform traditional branch predictors.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a network model composed of Multi path Encoder-Decoder branches that can recognize each instance from the image. The network has two branches, Dot branch and Segmentation branch for finding the center point of each instance and for recognizing area of the instance, respectively. In the experiment, the CVPPP dataset was studied to distinguish leaves from each other, and the center point detection branch(Dot branch) found the center points of each leaf, and the object segmentation branch(Segmentation branch) finally predicted the pixel area of each leaf corresponding to each center point. In the existing segmentation methods, there were problems of finding various sizes and positions of anchor boxes (N > 1k) for checking objects. Also, there were difficulties of estimating the number of undefined instances per image. In the proposed network, an effective method finding instances based on their center points is proposed.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of acupuncture and medial branch block(collaborative treatment) with just medial branch block regarding acute low back pain. Methods : Forty inpatients who received treatment between January 2012 and February 2013 were divided into 2 groups. The East-West treatment group(EW group, n=20) received one treatment of medial branch block and then acupuncture afterwards. The Western treatment group(W group, n=20) received one treatment of medial branch block. Both groups continued to receive manual therapy 3 times a week. Evaluations were made before medial branch block, 7 days after, and 14 days after using the Numerical Rating Scale(NRS). Results : Compared to before treatment, the NRS score of both EW and W groups after 7 and 14 days of treatment significantly decreased(p=0.0001). But only the EW group showed additional improvement between days 7 and 14(p=0.005). Regarding group comparison, the NRS score of the EW group was significantly lower than the W group at 7 days(p=0.037), and even more at 14 days(p<0.0001). Conclusions : Although medial branch block alone significantly improved acute low back pain, collaborative treatment with acupuncture was even more effective, with increased efficacy as time passed. Further research is recommended regarding the effects of collaborative treatment with acupuncture on acute low back pain.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.665-671
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• 1999

The aim of this study was to establish selective hepatic artery catheterization technique through percutaneous femoral artery puncture and to offer digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of hepatic artery in beagle dogs. Percutaneous femoral artery puncture was performed with Sheldinger's method. Microferret$^{TM}$-18 Infusion catheter(William, Cook, Europe) was introduced into abdominal aorta. Then, under fluoroscopy, iopamidol 370(Bracco, Italy) was injected to identify celiac artery and 'J' shaped guide wire was introduced into celiac artery. Catheter could be introduced into celiac artery through guide wire. In this manner, catheter was located at the insertion of hepatic artery and DSA was performed. In DSA of beagle dogs, hepatic artery which was divided into lateral branch, right-medial branch, right-lateral branch of hepatic artery, cystic artery and gastroduodenal artery was opacified without superimposition of any other body structure and so was the parenchyme of liver afterward. In autopsy angiographic finding of resected liver, cystic artery, caudate branch, lateral branch, right-medial branch, right-lateral branch and quadrate branch of hepatic artery were identified. It was concluded that selective hepatic artery catheterization technique was a minimally invasive method that facillitated the approach of hepatic artery and DSA was an excellent tool to visualize the vessle of liver in dogs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.155-175
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• 2017

This study explores the present state of the National Archives of Korea (NAK) and the branch archives and proposes development programs to reestablish their roles. With regard to the NAK, I discussed five issues, and for the branch archives, I discussed three. The issues on NAK are as follows: 1) Is NAK the nation's record keeper?; 2) Does NAK promote the establishment of local archives?; 3) Does NAK supervise and oversee the records management of all public institutions?; 4) What is the raison $d^{\prime}{\hat{e}}tre$ and the vision of NAK?; and 5) Does NAK perform a simple administrative service? Meanwhile, the issues on the branch archives are as follows: 1) Is the branch archives a permanent records management institution?; 2) Are the names of the branch archives appropriate?; and 3) Are the branch archives simple document warehouses?

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.229-233
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• 2001

This Paper deals with the development of a technology for making a hydrophilic gel of Polyethylene oxide reception in which radiating ability is employed to cause cross-linking of Polymers in a water solution. The gel of polyethylene oxide was shown to be nontoxic contain 5-50% of polymer and be useful in composite medicinal forms along with biologically active substances including Bac. subtilis proteases. Proteases immobilized in the gel possess high thermal stability and proteolytic activity and are readily applied in medicine. The effect of immobilized proteolytic and glucolytic enzymes of Bac. subtillis (Immozimase) on the warm ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) which can cause hepatic and jejunum injury was also studied. These enzymes were immobilized on water-soluble polymer polyethylene glycol by means of an electron beam. The number of degraanulated mast cells as well as serum ALT after I/R in the group with Immozimase was decreased to almost half as compared with the control group. Pretreatment with Immozimase resulted in significant reduction of hepatic and gut neutrophil accumulation as compared with control animals. It was concluded that Immozimase has a protective effect for hepatic and gut ischemia/reperfusion, and this effect seems to be associated with prevention of leukocyte accumulation .