• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.541-550
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• 2009

This research attempted to find out any implications for strategies to design and develop the connections between the activities of the brain function and the fields of English learning (dictation, word level, speaking, word memory, listening). Thus, in developing the brain based learning model for the English education, attempts need to be made to help learners to keep the whole brain toward learning. On this point, this study indicated the significant results for the exclusive brain location and the brainwaves on the each English learning field by the quantitative EEG analysis. The results of this study presented the guidelines for the balanced development of the left brain and the right brain to train the specific site of the brain connected to the English learning fields. In addition, whole brain training model is developed by the quantitative EEG data not by the theoretical learning methods focused on the right brain training.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1049-1061
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• 2018

As mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs become more popular, users are becoming accustomed to consuming a massive amount of multimedia content every day without time or space limitations. From the industry, the need for user satisfaction investigation has consequently emerged. Conventional methods to investigate user satisfaction usually employ user feedback surveys or interviews, which are considered manual, subjective, and inefficient. Therefore, the authors focus on a more objective method of investigating users' brainwaves to measure how much they enjoy their content. Particularly for multimedia content, it is natural that users will be immersed in the played content if they are satisfied with it. In this paper, the authors propose a method of using a portable and dry electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor device to overcome the limitations of the existing conventional methods and to further advance existing EEG-based studies. The proposed method uses a portable EEG sensor device that has a small, dry (i.e., not wet or adhesive), and simple sensor using a single channel, because the authors assume mobile device environments where users consider the features of portability and usability to be important. This paper presents how to measure attention, gauge and compute a score of user's content immersion level after addressing some technical details related to adopting the portable EEG sensor device. Lastly, via an experiment, the authors verified a meaningful correlation between the computed scores and the actual user satisfaction scores.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4161-4166
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• 2010

This study was to examine the effectiveness of neurofeedback training by observing the pre and post brainwave measurement results of about 52 (experimental group 26. comparative group 26) subjects who have shown self regulation ability. The study took place at neuro-training center B, in between the months of Jan. 2008 and Dec. 2008. As the brainwaves are adjusted by timeseries linear analysis, the tool used to measure the self regulation ability was 5 Likert Scale questionnaire. The result confirmed the differences of both self regulation quotient, training protocol, upper deviation and questionnaire. The result of the study suggest prefrontal lobe neurofeedback technique's possibility in positively affecting the subjects' self regulation ability. This result suggested that follow-up researches should be figuring out more detailed explanations for journal of adolescent welfare.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.343-349
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• 2018

Electroencephalograph(EEG) information, which is an important data of brain science, reflects various levels of information from the molecular level to the behavior and cognitive stages, and the explosively amplified information is provided at each stage. Therefore, EEG information is an intrinsic privacy area of an individual, which is important information to be protected. In this paper, we apply spring security to web based system of spring MVC (Model, View, Control) framework to build independent and lightweight server system with powerful security system. Through the proposal of the platform type EEG analysis system which enhances the security function, the web service security of the EEG information is enhanced and the privacy of the EEG information can be protected.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.375-381
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• 2022

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a technology that allows users with motor disturbance to control machines by brainwaves without a physical controller. Motor imagery (MI)-BCI is one of the popular BCI techniques, but it needs a long calibration time for users to perform a mental task that causes high fatigue to the users. MI is reported as showing a similar neural mechanism as motor execution (ME) and motor observation (MO). However, integrative investigations of these three tasks are rarely conducted. In this study, we propose a new paradigm that incorporates three tasks (MI, ME, and MO) and conducted a comparative analysis. For this study, we collected Electroencephalograms (EEG) of motor imagery/execution/observation from 28 healthy subjects and investigated alpha event-related (de)synchronization (ERD/ERS) and classification accuracy (left vs. right motor tasks). As result, we observed ERD and ERS in MI, MO and ME although the timing is different across tasks. In addition, the MI showed strong ERD on the contralateral hemisphere, while the MO showed strong ERD on the ipsilateral side. In the classification analysis using a Riemannian geometry-based classifier, we obtained classification accuracies as MO (66.34%), MI (60.06%) and ME (58.57%). We conclude that there are similarities and differences in fundamental neural mechanisms across the three motor tasks and that these results could be used to advance the current MI-BCI further by incorporating data from ME and MO.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.573-584
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted with 10 men and women in their 50s-60s to investigate the effect of agro-healing activities on the improvement of mental health. Methods: The experimental group participated in total 8 sessions of agro-healing activities, once a week for 2 hours each, at a care farm in Wanju-gun. Physiological measurements were taken with an electroencephalogram (EEG), Salivettes samples, and blood pressure before and after the activities. Results: As a result of analyzing the changes in brainwaves of the experimental group before and after agro-healing activities, relative slow alpha (RSA), relative fast alpha (RFA), and ratio of alpha to high beta (RAHB), the indices of stability and relaxation, increased after the program with statistical significance. Also, the ratio of SMR to theta (RST) of the attention index increased on the right frontal lobes, temporal lobes, and left occipital lobes, and relative low beta (RLB) increasd on the frontal lobes, temporal lobes, and occipital lobes after the program with statistical significance. The sympathetic nervous system activity, which is a stress index, decreased after the program, whereas the parasympathetic nervous system activity, which is a relaxation index, increased, showing statistical significance (p < .05). As a result of analyzing the changes in blood pressure after the program, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure decreased from prehypertension to normal blood pressure, showing statistical significance. SThese results indicate that participating in agro-healing activities at a care farm for the 50-60s helps reduce stress and improve stability and relaxation as well as attention. Conclusion: Thus, developing and applying customized agro-healing programs for participants will have a positive effect on brain activity and psychophysiological improvement by relieving tension and stress. However, there are limitations in generalizing the results of this study since most of agro-healing farms have low accessibility that leads to a low level of participants.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.2684-2690
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• 2015

This study aims to identify the mediating effect of school satisfaction in the effect of self-esteem on resilience, and to examine the relationship between brain function quotient and resilience. In this descriptive study, questionnaires and brainwaves were collected from 145 female high school students in Seoul from November 22 to December 23, 2012. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and three-step mediated regression analysis using SPSS 21.0. Among brain function quotients, stress resistance quotient were highly correlated with resilience, and both attention and brain quotient were significantly correlated with resilience. Moreover, school satisfaction showed the mediating effect in the effect of self-esteem on resilience. The findings suggest that brain function quotient, in specific, stress resistance quotient, should be considered in studies regarding resilience. Furthermore, predictor variables of resilience such as self-esteem and school satisfaction should be considered for preventive and therapeutic intervention to reduce various maladaptive problems in adolescents.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.350-362
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• 2011

The principal objective of this study was to develop a scanning technique that helps patients reduce their anxiety and relax their physical tension in the MRI system. The study targeted 10 healthy persons with no medical history of anxiety disorder in the past and with no current clinically diagnosed anxiety disorder, as well as 10 patients who were currently experiencing an anxiety disorder during the MRI scanning. The focusing board assembly was self-manufactured to conduct a clinical experiment via MRI scans. As a method to confirm the efficacy of the experiment, the bio meter was used to measure brainwaves from the study targets that were divided into the normal person group (A), who felt no anxiety in the MRI system and the experimental group, (B) who did experience anxiety in the MRI system. The two groups were compared between the cases in which the focusing board assembly was used and not used after measurements were conducted using the model MRI system and the bio meter. According to the comparison and analysis results, low measurements of the ${\alpha}$ wave indicate highly effective relaxation of tension. In the normal person group, the ${\alpha}$ wave measurement showed almost no difference between cases in which the focusing board assembly was used and cases in which it was not used. In the experimental group, the $\acute{a}$ wave measurements were lower in cases in which the focusing board assembly was used than in cases in which the focusing board assembly was not used; this was indicative of a profound relaxation effect.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the general effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation of the ankle joint acupuncture points(BL62 and KI6) on the brain waves of elderly women as a pilot study to figure out the possibility of candidate non-invasive and non-chemical stimulation method for the enhancing the brain function. Methods : A randomized, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial was performed in 31 healthy women(mean age, 54.5 years) within a treatment duration of 12 sessions. In the experimental group, low-frequency electrical stimulation was applied using the maximum range of the individual insensible strength(mean current, $0.04{\mu}A$). The control group received sham stimulation. The background electroencephalographic activity was measured before and after the12 sessions. Results : After 12 sessions of stimulation, the relative power of the alpha wave increased(32 of 32 channels: significant difference in 11 channels, p<0.05); the theta(30 of 32 channels: significant difference in 10 channels, p<0.05), beta(31 of 32 channels), and gamma(30 of 32 channels: significant difference in 7 channels, p<0.05) powers were also decreased compared with the sham group. Conclusions : Electrical stimulation on the ankle joint acupuncture points(BL62 and KI6) seemed to stabilize the elderly women brain by inducing the alpha power and reducing beta, theta, and gamma powers. These results provide insight into the action mechanism of the stimulation and can assist the future developement of a non-invasive and non-chemical treatment technique for stressor related cognitive problems.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.147-196
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• 2023

Advances in brain science have made it possible to stimulate the brain to treat brain disorder or to connect directly between the neuron activity and an external devices. Non-invasive neurotechnologies already exist, but invasive neurotechnologies can provide more precise stimulation or measure brainwaves more precisely. Nowadays deep brain stimulation (DBS) is recognized as an accepted treatment for Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. In addition DBS has shown a certain positive effect in patients with Alzheimer's disease and depression. Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are in the clinical stage but help patients in vegetative state can communicate or support rehabilitation for nerve-damaged people. The issue is that the people who need these invasive neurotechnologies are those whose capacity to consent is impaired or who are unable to communicate due to disease or nerve damage, while DBS and BCI operations are highly invasive and require informed consent of patients. Especially in areas where neurotechnology is still in clinical trials, the risks are greater and the benefits are uncertain, so more explanation should be provided to let patients make an informed decision. If the patient is under guardianship, the guardian is able to substitute for the patient's consent, if necessary with the authorization of court. If the patient is not under guardianship and the patient's capacity to consent is impaired or he is unable to express the consent, korean healthcare institution tend to rely on the patient's near relative guardian(de facto guardian) to give consent. But the concept of a de facto guardian is not provided by our civil law system. In the long run, it would be more appropriate to provide that a patient's spouse or next of kin may be authorized to give consent for the patient, if he or she is neither under guardianship nor appointed enduring power of attorney. If the patient was not properly informed of the risks involved in the neurosurgery, he or she may be entitled to compensation of intangible damages. If there is a causal relation between the malpractice and the side effects, the patient may also be able to recover damages for those side effects. In addition, both BCI and DBS involve the implantation of electrodes or microchips in the brain, which are controlled by an external devices. Since implantable medical devices are subject to product liability laws, the patient may be able to sue the manufacturer for damages if the defect caused the adverse effects. Recently, Korea's medical device regulation mandated liability insurance system for implantable medical devices to strengthen consumer protection.