• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.359-360
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• 2006

Functional photoacoustic tomography is a new non-invasive imaging modality, and it is emerging as a very practical method for imaging biological tissue structures by means of laser-induced ultrasound. Structures with high optical absorption, such as blood vessels, can be imaged with the spatial resolution of ultrasound, which is not limited by the strong light scattering in biological tissues. By varying wavelengths of the laser light and acquiring photoacoustic images, optical absorption spectrum of each image pixel is found. Since the biochemical constituents of tissues determine the spectrum, useful functional information like oxygen saturation ($SO_2$) and total haemoglobin concentration (HbT) can be extracted. In this study, as a proof-of-principle experiment, hypoxic brain tumor vasculature and traumatic brain injury (TBI) of small animal brain are imaged with functional photoacoustic tomography. High resolution brain vasculature images of oxygen saturation and total hemoglobin concentration are provided to visualize hypoxic tumor vasculature, and hemorrhage on the cortex surface by the TBI.

• Brain Tumor Research and Treatment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2018

Germinoma is the most common type of intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs). Pineal gland and suprasellar region are the most frequent sites of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Intracranial masses caused by Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) mimics features of CNS GCTs. LCH frequently involve spine and is the most common cause of vertebra plana in children. A 15-year-old boy presented with progressing symptoms of polydipsia, polyuria, general headache, nausea and severe back pain. Brain MRI showed brain tumor with simultaneous involvement of suprasellar region and pineal gland. An excisional biopsy of suprasellar mass was done. The pathologic assessment confirmed the diagnosis of germinoma. Patient's treatment continued accordingly. A spine MRI, done due to persistent backache, showed a vertebra plana. We reevaluated the primary diagnosis suspecting LCH. Germinoma of CNS was confirmed and a biopsy of vertebral lesion resulted in hemangioma. Thus we report a case of CNS germinoma with co-occurrence of vertebra plana. We emphasized the importance of histopathologic diagnosis of pineal/suprasellar masses and primary investigation of other CNS regions including spine for possible metastasis or comorbidities.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.2589-2604
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• 2024

Brain tumors, characterized by uncontrollable cellular growths, are a significant global health challenge. Navigating the complexities of tumor identification due to their varied dimensions and positions, our research introduces enhanced methods for precise detection. Utilizing advanced learning techniques, we've improved early identification by preprocessing clinical dataset-derived images, augmenting them via a Generative Adversarial Network, and applying an Improved Privacy-Preserving Collaborative Convolutional Neural Network (IPC-CNN) for segmentation. Recognizing the critical importance of data security in today's digital era, our framework emphasizes the preservation of patient privacy. We evaluated the performance of our proposed model on the Figshare and BRATS 2018 datasets. By facilitating a collaborative model training environment across multiple healthcare institutions, we harness the power of distributed computing to securely aggregate model updates, ensuring individual data protection while leveraging collective expertise. Our IPC-CNN model achieved an accuracy of 99.40%, marking a notable advancement in brain tumor classification and offering invaluable insights for both the medical imaging and machine learning communities.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.321-330
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• 2014

Objective : Based on surgical outcomes of patients with infratentorial meningiomas surgically treated at our institution, we analyzed the predictors for surgical resection, recurrence, complication, and survival. Methods : Of surgically treated 782 patients with intracranial meningioma, 158 (20.2%) consecutive cases of infratentorial location operated on between April 1993 and May 2013 at out institute were reviewed retrospectively. The patients had a median age of 57.1 years (range, 16-77 years), a female predominance of 79.7%, and a mean follow-up duration of 48.4 months (range, 0.8-242.2 months). Results : Gross total resection (Simpson's grade I & II) was achieved in 81.6% (129/158) of patients. Non-skull base location was an independent factor for complete resection. The recurrence rate was 13.3% (21/158) and the 5-, 10-, and 15-year recurrence rates were 8.2%, 12.0%, and 13.3%, respectively. Benign pathology, postoperative KPS over than 90, low peritumoral edema, and complete resection were significantly associated with longer recurrence-free survival rate. The 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates were 96.2%, 94.9%, and 94.9%, respectively. Benign pathology, postoperative KPS over than 90 and complete resection were significantly associated with a longer survival rate. The permanent complication rate was 13% (21/158). Skull base location and postoperative KPS less than 90 were independent factors for the occurrence of permanent complication. Conclusion : Our experience shows that infratentorial meningiomas represent a continuing challenge for contemporary neurosurgeons. Various factors are related with resection degree, complications, recurrence and survival.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 2003

As we know, alveolar soft part sarcoma is usually found at the head region in children and thigh in adults. It is very rare tumor that has poor prognosis due to its late detection after distant metastasis in spite of its slow growth rate. It is histologically characterized by pseudoalveolar pattern tumor cells. And metastasis usually occur in the site of lung, brain and skeleton in order lately. We have managed two cases of the sarcoma, one which took place in relatively rare part, pelvic bone and has spread to the brain, the other which primarily occured in the calf. For its varity, we report these two cases with reviewing of the literatures.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.350-353
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• 1996

The effects of acid hydrolysis product of Panax ginseng and MeOH extract of Euphorbia humifusa on the growth of human brain tumor cells were evaluated using U-373 MG human astrocytoma and SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells as model cellular systems. These plant extracts induced cytotoxicity in both cells in a dose-dependent manner. These cytotoxic effects were significantly inhibited by GSH, an antioxidant, in both cells. BAPTA/AM, an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator, significantly blocked the cytotoxic effects of these extracts in U-373 cells, but enhanced these effects in SK-N-MC cells. These results suggest that the plant extracts may be a valuable choice for the studies on the treatment of human brain tumors.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.159-163
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• 1995

Previously, we have reported that methylene blue (MB) induces cytotoxicity in human brain tumor cells through the generation of free radicals. In this study the effect of deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, on MB-induced cytotoxicity was investigated using SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma and U-373 MG human astrocytoma cells as model cellular systems. The cytotoxic effect of MB was potentiated by DFO. The potentiation effect of DFO was significantly blocked by either stoichiometric amounts of ferric ion, various antioxidants, hydroxyl radical scavengers or intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release blockers. These results suggest that hydroxyl radical and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ may act as important mediators of the enhanced cytotoxicity by MB and DFO. These results further suggest that the combined treatment with MB and DFO may be useful for the therapeutical applications of human brain tumors.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.421-424
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• 2007

Two patients, one with glioblastoma multiforme [GM] in the right thalamus and the other with meningioma at the right frontal convexity, had suffered bilateral cortical blindness after transtentorial herniation. On one of those patients, bilateral cortical blindness had occurred due to acute obstructive hydrocephalus caused by GM and on the other patient, cortical blindness had developed after acute hemorrhage from meningioma. Bilateral occipital lobes of those patients showed signal change on the brain magnetic resonance image [MRI]. There were no ophthalmologic abnormalities on fundoscopy and ophthalmologic examination. After recovery of consciousness, cortical blindness was detected in both patients, and during gradual recovery period, visual function was slowly recovered. The pattern of visual evoked potential [VEP] at 7 weeks and 12 weeks after herniation was normalized gradually. Cortical blindness due to herniation was reversible, even though the high signals of bilateral visual cortex still existed on MRI 16 month later in case 2.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 2024

Heavy reliance on glucose metabolism and a reduced capacity to use ketone bodies makes glioblastoma (GBM) a promising candidate for ketone-based therapies. Ketogenic diet (KD) is well-known for its promising effects in controlling tumor growth in GBM. Moreover, synthetic ketone ester (KE) has demonstrated to increase blood ketone levels and enhance animal survival in a metastatic VM-M3 murine tumor model. Here, we compared the efficacy of a KE-supplemented Atkins-type diet (ATD-KE) to a classic KD in controlling tumor progression and enhancing survival in a clinically relevant orthotopic patient-derived xenograft GBM model. Our findings demonstrate that ATD-KE preserves body weight (percent change from the baseline; 112±2.99 vs. 116.9±2.52 and 104.8±3.67), decreases blood glucose (80.55±0.86 vs. 118.6±9.51 and 52.35±3.89 mg/dl), and increases ketone bodies in blood (1.15±0.03 mM vs. 0.55±0.04 and 2.66±0.21 mM) and brain tumor tissue (3.35±0.30 mM vs. 2.04±0.3 and 4.25±0.25 mM) comparable to the KD (results presented for ATD-KE vs. standard diet [STD] and KD, respectively). Importantly, the ATD-KE treatment significantly enhanced survival compared to the STD and was indistinguishable from the KD (47 days in STD vs. 56 days in KD and ATD-KE), suggesting that a nutritionally balanced low carbohydrate ATD combined with KE may be as effective as the KD alone in reducing brain tumor progression. Overall, these data support the rationale for clinical testing of KE-supplemented low-carb diet as an adjunct treatment for brain tumor patients.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.182-190
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• 2015

Objectives: To introduce a protocol of Mobi-kids study which was aimed to examine an association between radiofrequency (RF) radiation exposure by mobile phone use and brain tumor risk in children and adolescents. Methods: The Mobi-kids study was a multinational matched case control study using a standardized protocol with the number of subjects targeted about 1,000 cases and 2,000 controls aged 10 to 24. In Mobi-Kids Korea, the source population was restricted to Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi-do province. Eligible cases of primary brain tumor (glioma, meningioma, and others) were diagnosed from January 2012 to June 2015. Eligible controls were appendicitis patients operated during the study period. Two controls were matched on age, gender, and study region for 1 case. Information about pattern and history of mobile phone use and other covariates were obtained by face to face interview by trained interviewer. The Mobi-kids study has been involved in Mobi-expo as a validation study about mobile phone use, XGridmaster to localize tumor in the brain for RF energy calculation, and histological review for validation of diagnosis. Results: The Mobi-kids was the first and largest study in children and adolescents to estimate risk of brain tumor in association with the RF energy absorption in the brain estimated by mobile phone use. Forty-six-cases and 54 controls were collected as of September 2014 in Korea. Conclusions: The meaningful results of the study were expected because of the largest sample size, high validity of EMF exposure assessment as well as the susceptible study populationof children and adolescents.