• 약학회지
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.355-364
• /
• 2005

A neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) has long been used to form a Parkinson's disease (PD) model by inducing the lesion in catecholaminergic pathways, particularly the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) pathway. Whereas l-deprenyl, a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B, is now widely used in the treatment of PD, the precise action mechanism of the drug remains elusive. In this study, we investigated whether l-deprenyl shows protective effect against the DA depletion induced by 6-OHDA in rat brain, and against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in catecholaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells that are known to lack MAO-B activity. Pretreatment of l-deprenyl significantly enhanced the striatal DA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanilic acid, and 3-methoxytyramine levels compared to the untreated 6-OHDA-lesioned rat, indicating that l-deprenyl pretreatment prevents 6-OHDA-induced depletion of not only striatal dopamine but also its metabolites. Treatment of 6-OHDA for 24hrs decreased the cell viability and increase the generation of ROS in dose-dependent manners. We further investigated whether caspase activity is involved in the action of l-deprenyl. Treatment of l-deprenyl $(0.1\~100{\mu}M)$ did not produce any changes in 6-OHDA-induced cleavage of poly (ADP-ridose) polymerase in SH-SY5Y cells. Our results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of l-deprenyl against 6-OHDA is due to its increased scavenger activity, but independent of inhibition of MAO-B or caspase-3 activation.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.113-116
• /
• 2013

Alexander disease is a rare degenerative leukodystrophy caused by dominant mutations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The neonatal form of Alexander disease may manifest as frequent and intractable seizures or obstructive hydrocephalus, with rapid progression leading to severe disability or death within two years. We report a case of a 50-day-old male who presented with intractable seizures and obstructive hydrocephalus. His initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested a tumor-like lesion in the tectal area causing obstructive hydrocephalus. Despite endoscopic third ventriculostomy and multiple administrations of antiepileptic drugs, the patient experienced intractable seizures with rapid deterioration of his clinical status. After reviewing serial brain MRI scans, Alexander disease was suspected. Subsequently, we confirmed the de novo missense mutation in GFAP (c.1096T>C, Y366H). Although the onset was slightly delayed from the neonatal period (50 days old), we concluded that the overall clinical features were consistent with the neonatal form of Alexander disease. Furthermore, we also suspected that a Y366 residue might be closely linked to the neonatal form of Alexander disease based on a literature review.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.168-184
• /
• 1998

Clinical Observation was made on 120 Cases of CVA that were confirmed through brain CT of Oriental Medical hospital of Se-Myung University from July in 1997 to June in 1998. 1. The CVA cases were classified into the following kinds : cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), and the greatest in number among them were the cases of cerebral infarction. 2. The most cases were 50 of age in all cases, in cerebral infarction were over 70 of age. There is no significant difference in the frequency of strokes between the male and female. the ratio was 1.07 : 1. 3. The frequency of strokes seems to have no relation to month and season. 4. The course of entering hospital, most patients visited this hospital directly(not through any other hospital) within 24hours. 5. The first attack was noted in 80.8%, the recurrance attack in 19.2% and the cerebral infarction had high recurrance ratio compared with cerebral hemorrhage. 6. The average duration of hospitalization was 25.2 days. 7. The most ordinary preceding disease was hypertension. 8. The common symptoms were motor disturbance and dysphasia. 9. The most frequent location of the lesion in cerebral infarction was parietal lobe, in cerebral hemorrhage was basal ganglia. 10. According to electrocardiography findings, abnormality was noted in cerebral infarction more than cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage. 11. The hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were found more frequently in cerebral infarction than cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage. 12. The average time to start physical theraphy was 7.76 days after admission. 13. The most common complications were pneumonia and bed sore.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2018

A 6-year-old intact female Shih-tzu dog was referred due to anorexia. Physical examination, complete blood count, serum chemical analysis, radiography, and ultrasonography were evaluated. Physical examination and hematological analysis showed normal findings. Abdominal radiographs and ultrasound revealed well-defined masses in the spleen. Other abdominal organs showed no significant abnormalities. Tissue samples taken via sono-guided fine needle aspiration of the splenic mass showed many bare nuclei, which were variable in size. Results of histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses performed after splenectomy were consistent with paraganglioma. Based on these findings, we diagnosed this patient with a paraganglioma of splenic origin. Two months after splenectomy, abdominal ultrasonography revealed a new neoplastic lesion in the liver. The clients refused further management and the patient expired three months after initial diagnosis. Necropsy as well as histopathological and IHC examinations of other systemic organs including the liver, adrenal gland, kidney, brain, urinary bladder, lung, aortic body, carotid body, and pancreas were performed. The neoplastic tissue in the liver also demonstrated features of a paraganglioma, and there were no remarkable findings in all other organs.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.787-799
• /
• 1994

To elucidate morphologic lesion of porcine exudative epidermitis which is occurred sporadically in Korea, Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus isolated from the naturally affected pigs was inoculated to suckling pigs. The infected piglets were observed grossly and histopathologically. Although affected piglets were taking acute, subacute, or chronic course, some piglets suffered from chronic disease showed poor prognosis and marked growth depression. Affected peglets had erythematous skin on the face, ear, and abdomen and these localized lesions appear as brownish spots of exudative epidermitis and fromed crust in the early stage. But, after this stage, the skin were covered by viscous greasy exudate and formed blackish brown crust and appeared fissures and hypertrophy. Grossly, there has been hemorrhage with the removal of crust-like materials of epidermis and edematous subcutis. The superficial lymph nodes were edematous and swollen or congested and hemorrhagic. Some piglets had swollen ureters, cysts in the renal cortex, or polyarthritis. A few cases had mild edematous swelling of kidney, intestinal catarrh and congestion of brain. Microscopically, skin lesions had detachment of keralinized layer and parakeratosis of epidermis, hydropic degeneration of epidermal cell, and retrogressive degeneration of hair root sheath. Dermis had edema, and infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells. As the disease was proceeded, there was marked perivasculitis with lots of mononuclear inflammatory cells. More chronic lesions formed granuloma-like bodies(nodules) due to more mononuclear, perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferation of fibroblast. Lots of plasma cells and eosinophils were also present in dermis. Epidermis was hyperplastic by proliferation of basal cells stratum germinativum and epidermal pegs often extended into the dermis. In secondary infection, lots of neutrophils could be seen in epidermis and derms. Kidney had neutrophilic infiltration, necrotic and cystic glomeruli, and dilation of renal tubules and ureters. Purulent arthritis was sometimes observed in joints. Three days old mice administrated Staphylococcus hyicus subsp hyicus subcutaneously before had focal congestion and hemorrhage, necrosis, and subcutaneous edema of the skin. This observation was also seen in the study of mice administrated exfoliatin toxin of Staphylococcus which evoked human staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제12궈1호
• /
• pp.219-229
• /
• 2001

The brainstem include midbrain, pons & medulla. In acute stage of brainstem infarction, neurologic symptoms may be progressive. So we must pay special attention to Wallenberg's syndrome. In other words, Wallenberg's syndrome is dorsolateral medullary syndrome. A-54-years-old woman was admitted because of vertigo, ataxia & somatic sensory loss of left face and right half-body. Brain MRI showed high SI in T2W, low SI in T1W lesion left medullary infarction. We diagnosed the case as Shin-heo type Oriental medically and prescribed Gihwangemjakamibang. Diabetes mellitus was found out. So We have controlled diabetes mellitus by Occidental medical therapy. In the end, The symptoms of the patient became better. We know that cooperative(oriental & occidental) medical therapy is better than one medical therapy.Here we present one case of Wallenberg's syndrome who was admitted at Kunpo Wonkwang University Hospital Oriental Neuropsychiatry from 14th March to 6th April. 2001.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.76-79
• /
• 2006

폐에 발생하는 원발성 악성 흑색종은 극히 드물다. 46세 여자가 2개월간의 마른기침과 혈담을 주소로 내원하였다. 컴퓨터단층촬영 상 우측 폐하엽에 4.5$\times$5.0 cm 크기의 종괴가 관찰되어 기관지내시경 하 및 경피적 폐생검술을 반복 시행하였으나 정확한 진단이 되지 않았다. 악성 종양을 의심하고 시행한 술 전 검사에서는 전이 소견이 없어 수술적 접근을 하였다. 우하엽 폐절제술과 임파절 박리를 시행하였으며 종양과 임파절 모두 원발성 악성 흑색종으로 진단되었다. 술 후 40일째 우측 반부전마비가 있어 촬영한 뇌자기공명 영상상 좌측 두정부에 전이 소견이 있어 종양제거술을 시행하였으나 술 후 8개월째 사망하였다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.174-177
• /
• 2005

Skin metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma is extremely rare. Due to similar histopathologic features, it is difficult to differentiate skin metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma and some primary skin neoplasms without a clinical history. However, most of metastatic skin lesions showed a strong reactivity to the antithyroglobulin antibodies unlike primary skin neoplasms. Metastatic skin lesions must be completely removed and radiotherapy can be added. Investigators reported that prognosis of skin metastases from thyroid carcinoma is dismal and the average survival after it's diagnosis was only 19 months because distant metastases were often discovered at diagnosis of skin metastasis or during follow-up period. We report a case of skin metastasis from tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. In our case, the anti thyroglobulin antibodies measured from cystic fluid from a skin lesion was more than 2000 IU/ml. Skin metastasis was diagnosed at 20 months after primary surgery for thyroid cancer and brain metastasis at 12 months after diagnosis of skin metastasis. Although skin metastasis is an ominous prognostic indicator in patients with thyroid carcinoma, a radical treatment for skin lesions and early diagnosis of distant metastasis could provide a chance to the patients to improve their survival.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2006

The head thrust maneuver is a simple bedside test of the higher frequency vestibulo-ocular reflex, which is based on Ewald's second law. It is performed by grasping the patient's head and applying a brief, small-amplitude, high-acceleration head turn, first to one side and then to the other. The patient fixates on the examiner's nose and the examiner watches for corrective rapid eye movements (saccades), which are a sign of decreased vestibular response. The "catch-up" saccades after a head thrust in one direction indicate a peripheral vestibular lesion on that side (in the labyrinth or the $8^{th}$ nerve including the root's entry zone in the brain stem). An individual pair of vertical semicircular canals can also be stimulated by turning the head to the right or left by $45^{\circ}$ and then by rotating the head in the pitch plane relative to the body. Recent studies have suggested that assessment of individual semicircular canal function by head thrust test may provide useful information for anatomical and functional details of a variety of peripheral vestibulopathies and for predicting the prognosis of vestibular neuritis. In central vestibulopathy, the head thrust test may also be valuable sign to determine dysfunction of the central pathways from individual semicircular canals and its role for the development of diverse central nystagmus.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.711-724
• /
• 2000

I reached following conclusion through a bibliographic study about the drug dependence. 1. The drug dependence is the case that taking drugs continually in order to get around discomfort and get mental drug efficacy. that is also the state of poisoning that shows compulsions that using all means to get drugs. the drug dependence is coincident with alcolism in Oriental Medicine. 2 Medicinal matters that causes the drug dependence consist of two field. one is licit drugs, including a tranquilizer, a sleeping pill, anti-anxiety drug, alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, etc. the other is illict drugs, including opium products, psychostimulant, a hallucinogen, aromatic agent(adhesives, LSD, etc.) 3. Drugs that causes dependences has the habit which causing mental dependences and the medicinal poisining which causing physical dependences. 4. A syndrome of abstain from the drug which rides on all kinds of drugs is analogous to depressive psychosis, epilepsy, insanity, depressive syndromes, disorder of internal organs, histery, dizziness, etc. 5. The drug dependence causes visceral dysfunction, that is chiefly inflammatory lesion of brain, heart lung etc. (inflammatory lesions os mainly due to infect.) and injuries liver which removes toxic agents and kidney which is an excretory organ. 6. The treatment of the drug dependence, which needs at first check the medical record and the syndrome, is consist of the expectant treatment and isolating treatment as a rule and sometimes mental therapeutics is going on at the same time. 7. The oriental medical cure of the drug dependence needs more concrete study.