• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2009

Brain drain of scientists and technologists to the United States from other countries is a phenomenal issue due to the potential developmental impacts it could have on sending countries. Immigration policies undoubtedly play the major part to shape the human resource outcomes. There has been a common sense explanation to the brain drain trend, which states that the lower English language requirements in the scientific and technology jobs compared to other high skill brain drain jobs offer immigrants more favorable employment opportunities. These and other language related variables are used with standard human capital model variables to assess the validity of the common sense proposition.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.76-78
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• 2015

This report details a case of unexpected, severe post-operative cerebral edema following cranioplasty. We discuss the possible pathological mechanisms of this complication. A 50-year-old female was admitted to our department with sudden onset of stuporous consciousness. A brain computed tomography (CT) revealed a subarachnoid hemorrhage with intracranial hemorrhage and subdural hematoma. Emergency decompressive craniectomy and aneurysmal neck clipping were performed. Following recovery, the decision was made to proceed with an autologous cranioplasty. The cranioplasty procedure was free of complications. An epidural drain was placed and connected to a suction system during skin closure to avoid epidural blood accumulation. However, following the procedure, the patient had a seizure in the recovery room. An emergency brain CT scan revealed widespread cerebral edema, and the catheter drain was clamped. The increased intracranial pressure and cerebral edema were controlled with osmotic diuretics, corticosteroids, and antiepileptic drugs. The edema slowly subsided, but new low-density areas were noted in the brain on follow-up CT 1 week later. We speculated that placing the epidural drain on active suction may have caused an acute decrease in intracranial pressure and subsequent rapid expansion of the brain, which impaired autoregulation and led to reperfusion injury.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.395-415
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• 2016

고급 두뇌의 국제적 유동성이 증가함에 따라 우수한 해외 과학기술 인력의 유치는 국가 혁신역량을 좌우하는 주요한 요소가 되었다. 본 연구는 역두뇌유출에 관한 여러 이론들을 정리하여 해외우수인력을 유치하기 위한 요인들을 파악하였고, 이 요인들을 베트남 출신 해외과학자를 대상으로 설문을 실시하여 컨조인트 분석방법을 통하여 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석한 결과, (1)높은 급여수준, (2)적합한 연구여건, (3)자녀교육 여건 순으로 중요도가 높은 것으로 분석되었고, 과학자 예우문화, 능력경력 발전기회는 중요도가 극히 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 적정한 급여수준에 대해서는 현 베트남 과학기술자들의 급여수준에 비해 파격적인 대우가 필요한 것으로 파악되어, 베트남 정부의 정책적 결정이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.65-74
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• 1985

Domestic versus overseas postgraduate education in science and engineering has its own advantages and disadvantages. One of the issues involved in developing countries is the problem of brain drain. This study deals with the cost and benefit of domestic and foreign education, problems in brain drain and the social and private rate of return analysis in postgraduate science and technology education in Korea.

• 과학기술정책
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• 제2권25호통권25호
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• pp.17-20
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• 1992

• STI Policy Review
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.43-64
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• 2014

Korea has pursued an aggressive policy of inviting more foreign-born students to its universities since the late 1990s in the wake of the globalization of education markets and its changing demographic structure. While increasingly more students from Asia come to Korea for study, more than half of the graduates return home upon graduation. Given the issues of brain drain, brain circulation, and knowledge transfer that are raised by such a high return rate, this paper examines the factors that frame the foreign students' decision on their post-graduation careers. By analyzing survey data, we report that Asian students majoring in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are more likely to return than non-STEM majors. This suggests that Korea's aggressive policies of inviting foreign-born students have contributed to brain circulation and knowledge transfer between Korea and the other Asian countries. We also find that scholarships from Korean sources and positive attitudes toward Korean culture and life increase their inclination to stay in the country upon graduation. These findings, however, raise more questions than answers, since it becomes obvious that their post-graduation decisions are highly affected by what Korea as a society provides.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2008

In science and engineering programs in the U.S. in 2000 China, South Korea and India were top countries of origin sending students. More than half of the students intend to stay in the U.S. Immigration, education and occupational choices all have human capital aspects that require investments. A framework is proposed where expected incomes in both countries of origin and destination are calculated and used to reflect the substitution effect and the wealth effects of the expected incomes of two countries. It appears that nonpecuniary effects of education encourages immigration as much as pecuniary effects in the immigration decision equation. After the pecuniary effects are accounted for there is some negative nonpecuniary tendency of the professional scientists to immigrate to the U.S.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2010

The development and maintenance of human capacity in economies is critical to long term competitiveness, but also for the overall health and environment of regions. Yet, human science and technology-based capacity is multidimensional and has interrelated characteristics which present certain policy challenges. This paper addresses a range of issues specific to a discussion on human capacity in S&T. First, the paper emphasizes the importance of acknowledging the complexity of human capacity issues and how they evolve along the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) pipeline. The pipeline is an often used reference to describe the training and development in STEM disciplines, from early childhood education, to more advanced training, and finally to professional collaboration and interaction and serves as a useful organizing framework for the discussion of capacity along the career evolution process. Second, the paper offers an organizing framework for discussion of policy mechanisms that have been developed to address issues and gaps that occur along this STEM pipeline. Specifically, it contrasts the traditional mechanisms of building human capacity in STEM areas with newer "gap filling" and integrated approached to addressed human capacity disparities and priorities. Third, the paper addresses core challenges in human capacity in STEM, including the education and training, participation of women and underrepresented groups, brain drain/brain circulation issues, and the globalization of science. The paper concludes with a discussion of policy implication for the development of human capacity.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.123-136
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• 2010

부산 대도시권 인구이동의 특성을 밝히기 위해, 본 연구에서는 이동 가구의 특성과 부산 대도시권 인구이동의 선택성을 분석하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부산에서 유출되는 가구의 가구주는 25~34세 연령대의비율이 가장 높다. 비이동 가구에 비해 이동 가구는 가구주의 학력 수준이 높고, 1인 가구 비율이 높으며, 자가 거주비율이 낮다. 특히 부산에서 수도권으로 전출하는 가구에서는 이러한 경향이 더욱 강하다. 둘째, 연령과 학력에 따른 인구이동의 선택성이 뚜렷하게 나타난다. 부산은 모든 연령대에서 인구가 유출되는 가운데, 10대와 20대의 전출 초과규모가 크다. 비이동자에 비해 이동자는 고학력자 비율이 높으며, 특히 부산에서 수도권으로 전출하는 인구의 고학력자 비율이 높다. 부산의 4개 사례 고등학교를 대상으로 2008년 진학 현황을 살펴본 결과, 성적이 우수한 학생들은 대부분 서울로 진학하였다. 부산은 인구가 과도하게 유출되고 있는 양적 문제와 함께 두뇌유출이라는 질적 문제를 동시에 겪고 있다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.267-288
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• 2011

세계화가 진전되면서 인적자본이동이 용이해지고, 고급기술인력들이 국제적으로 거주지를 결정함에 있어 국가 차원에서 조성된 경제환경이 상대적으로 중요하게 되었다. 이러한 우수두뇌의 유출과 유입을 통하여 한 국가의 기술경쟁력에 차이가 발생하며 이에 따라 경제의 발전정도가 결정된다는 현실을 고려하여, 대표적인 두뇌유입국인 미국에서 이공계박사학위자들의 진로를 통해 두뇌유출에 대한 일반화를 시도하고, 한국정부주도로 이루어진 국제연구인력교류사업의 설문조사를 통하여 고급두뇌의 구체적인 유치방법론을 제시하였다. 두뇌유출국의 결정요인 파악을 위하여, 미국에서 박사학위를 받은 후 체류를 원하는 국가를 구분하여 유입국 및 유출국을 설정하였다. 두뇌유출국은 주로 1인당GDP, GDP증가율, 인구증가율 등이 낮은, 경제적으로 정적인 국가인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 과학 연구인력의 유출과 유입이라는 측면에서 우리나라에서 진행하였던 국제연구인력교류사업의 연구책임자를 대상으로 한 설문조사를 이용하여, 해외 인력을 효율적으로 이용하기 위한 조건 및 만족도 결정요인을 살펴보았다. 해외과학자 초빙의 주요동기는 연구인력 보충, 국제네트워크구축, 지식기술의 교류로 나타났고, 해외과학자 초빙을 위하여 해외과학자의 주거문제 해결이 시급한 것으로 나타났다.