• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.2073-2078
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• 2015

This study is investigated for angle of elbow joint influence on grasp strength, confirm change of grasp strength and brachioradialis thickness according to angle of elbow joint in standing. Thirty male and female university students, who participated with agreement in this study, using for electronic dynamometer and convertible ultrasound measure maximum grasp strength and brachioradialis thickness after elbow joint $0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$ positioning in standing. In average grasp strength was strongest at elbow joint $0^{\circ}$, as the angle of elbow joint increased, was decreased grasp strength, no significant statistically(p<.05). In average brachioradialis thickness was lowest at elbow joint $0^{\circ}$, as the angle of elbow joint increased, was increased brachioradialis thickness, significant statistically(p<.05). These result may indicated that change of elbow joint angle not influence on grasp strength, but influence on brachioradialis thickness.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.219-233
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare the EMG activities of four-forearm muscles during Kumdo head striking. The four skilled and unskilled Kumdo club members were selected from D university in B city. Investigated muscles were left brachioradialis, right brachioradialis and left flexor carpi radialis, right flexor carpi radialis. Raw EMG data were collected during the head striking motions and the average EMG were calculated by the frame width of 0.05s, and then the average %MVC were calculated. The average %MVC values of each muscle in each group were compared. The results are as follows. 1) In each group, there were no significant statistical differences between every muscle over the all phases. 2) There were significant differences, however, between skilled group and unskilled group. The former got higher average %MVC at left flexor carpi radialis and the latter at right brachioradialis in the ready phase and in the impact phase.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.204-208
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• 1999

The diagnosis of isolated tuberculosis of the brachioradialis muscle without osseous involvement was made by excision of the lesion and histologic examination in a 72-year-old woman who was in a poor general state. The patient was free of other systemic symptoms or other foci of infection. The wound healed without complication with the aid of antituberculous chemotherapy. Two years later, the patient remains symptom-free with no signs of recurrence.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of trigger points(TrPs) on athletes with various sporting background. To achieve the purpose, a study was carried out through a survey from 180 athletes involved in 6 selected sports at Yong-In University. Selected sports included Judo, Taekwondo, Kendo, Ssi-reum(Korean traditional wrestling), Boxing, and Golf. An interview type survey and physical examination were conducted with each thirty athletes from each of the selected sports groups. Technical statistic(SPSS 15.0) was used to analyze the distribution of TrPs on these athletes. The most common TrPs observed in muscles of Trapezius, Quadratus Lumborum, Quadriceps in Judo. In Taekwondo, it was on the trapezius and triceps surae. Kendo athletes had TrPs at sites of trapezius, brachioradialis and triceps surae. Ssirem athletes were found to have TrPs on trapezius, deltoid and quadrates lumborum. In boxers, TrPs appearing at trapezius and brachioradialis were observed. Finally, Golf players were seen to have TrPs at trapezius, quadrates lumborum and brachioradialis. Hence, the analysis shows that there are significant differences of the distribution of TrPs according to the different sport items of the athlete.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.710-720
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• 2014

Movements of the upper and lower limb muscles during five common gardening tasks were analyzed by using electromyography (EMG). Twenty adults aged in their twenties (mean age, $24.8{\pm}2.4$ years) were recruited. On two separate occasions, subjects visited a garden plot to perform digging, raking, troweling, weeding, and hoeing; all tasks were performed three times with 20 s intervals for each trial. To measure muscle activation during the five gardening tasks, surface EMG was used. Bipolar surface EMG electrodes were attached to eight upper limb muscles (bilateral anterior deltoid, biceps brachialis, brachioradialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris) or eight lower limb muscles (bilateral vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius) on both sides of the body, for a total of 16 muscles. During the five tasks, photographs were taken of movement phases using a digital video camera. The right flexor carpi ulnaris and brachioradialis showed higher activation than the other upper and lower limb muscles measured during the tasks. All 16 upper and lower limb muscles were actively used only during digging. According to movement analysis of each activity, digging was classified into four movement phases, whereas raking, troweling, weeding, and hoeing each were divided into three movement phases. In each activity, there were high-impact phases in terms of muscle activation; the flexor carpi ulnaris and brachioradialis were identified as major muscles in each impact phase. This analysis may be used to generate biomechanical profiles of gardening tasks for practitioners when designing efficient gardening interventions for physical health or rehabilitation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.83-90
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• 2016

Purpose : Recommended posture according to the location of operating teeth have been standardized in dental clinic to prevent musculoskeletal disorder. However, clinicians do not comply with this rule in many cases. This study investigated the effects of operating posture on cranio-cervical range of motion (CROM) and muscles activity of neck and upper extremity. Methods : Sixteen healthy dental hygiene students were participated. During operating posture (3 recommended and 3 experimental postures which were set front, side, back, respectively), CROM in the fronal and sagittal plane were measured by Cervical Range of Motion Instrument and muscle activities of Sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, middle deltoid, extensor carpi radialis, brachioradialis, and abductor pollicis brevis were measured by Pocket EMG system. Result : CROM were significantly decreased in recommended posture in comparison with experimental posture (p<.05). In addition, muscle activity of middle deltoid was significantly decreased in recommended front posture. Moreover, brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis showed the same result in recommended back posture (p<.05). Conclusion : Recommended posture is close to neutral posture and to reduce muscle fatigue and overuse, which may considered as a preventing musculoskeletal disorder and partially explain its efficacy in dental clinic.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Purpose : The current research examines the muscle activity that happens during scaling practice subject to 20 dental hygienic students with musculoskeletal pain and then propose a basic data according to the working attitude of the Dental Hygienist. Method : The Nordic-style questionnaire is used to define experimental group with musculoskeletal pain and control group. During the scaling the surface EMG device is used to measure the muscle activity of experimental and control group. Study design : The surface EMG is measure RMS(root mean square) of suboccipital muscle, biceps brachii, upper trapezius, and brachioradialis muscle activity. Results : In the experimental group, the RMS of upper trapezius and brachioradialis is increased during scaling practice(p<0.05), but the control group's RMS is not changed(p>0.05). Conclusion : Musculoskeletal pain may contribute to increase muscle activity of neck & arm during scaling practice. In the future we think there is a need to raise the office efficiency by subjecting to dental hyginiest that are in the clinics and performing experiments.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic factors of motion during air pistol shooting. Method: This study aimed to investigate changes in forces during movement and determine the factors that affect changes in force during the first, middle, and last periods of shooting an air pistol. Two ground reaction force systems (force platform), SCATT (a shooting training system), and EMG (electromyogram) to measure the action potentials in the muscles of the upper body were used in this study. Four university air pistol players (age: 19.75 years, height: 175.50 cm, body mass: $69.55{\pm}11.50kg$, career length: $6.25{\pm}6years$) who are training to progress to a higher rank were enrolled. Results: In terms of the actual shooting results, the mean score in the middle section was $42.48{\pm}1.74$ points, higher than those in the first and the last periods when using SCATT. The gunpoint moved 13.48 mm more vertically than horizontally in the target trajectory. With respect to action potentials of muscles measured using EMG, the highest action potentials during the aiming-shooting segments, in order higher to lower, were seen in the trapezius (intermediate region), trapezius (superior region), deltoid (lateral), and triceps brachii (long head). The action potentials of biceps brachii and brachioradialis turned out to be high during grasping motion, which is a preparatory stage. During the final segment, muscle fatigue appeared in the deltoid (lateral), biceps brachii (long head), brachioradialis, and trapezius (intermediate region). In terms of the ground reaction force, during the first period of shooting, there was a major change in the overall direction (left-right $F_x$, forward-backward $F_y$, vertical $F_z$) of the center of the mass. Conclusion: The development and application of a training program focusing on muscle groups with higher muscle fatigue is required for players to progress to a higher rank. Furthermore, players can improve their records in the first period if they take part in a game after warming up sufficiently before shooting in order to heighten muscle action potentials, and are expected to maintain a consistent shooting motion continuously by restoring psychological stability.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2018

Background: After a stroke, the patient may have abnormal muscle tone due to abnormal alignment. Physical therapists have used stretching, neural mobilization other methods to treat patients after stroke. In addition, joint mobilization is also used to stimulation in pathway of cervical segmental region and to normal cervical spine alignment. Objects: The purpose of this study was to determine whether Maitland cervical spine mobilization has an immediate effect on muscle tone and stiffness of upper extremity. Methods: Thirty subjects were divided into a experimental group ($n_1=10$), a placebo group ($n_2=10$), and a control group ($n_3=10$). The Maitland cervical spine mobilization was applied in the supine position. Immediately after the intervention, muscle tone and stiffness of biceps brachii, brachioradialis, deltoid, and pectoralis major were measured using Myoton(R)PRO. In the placebo group, sham mobilization was applied to the fifth and sixth cervical vertebra, and the control group was instructed to control breathing. Results: In the experimental group, significant differences were found in muscle tone and stiffness of biceps brachii and brachioradialis in comparison with the affected side and the non-affected side before the intervention (p<.05), whereas there was no significant difference after the intervention (p>.05). Muscle tone of biceps brachii on the non-affected side and pectoralis major on the affected side was significantly decreased before and after the intervention (p<.05). The placebo and control group showed no changes on the non-affected and affected side, and no significant differences were detected before and after the intervention. All the groups revealed no significant differences in muscle tone and stiffness of upper extremity before and after the intervention. Conclusion: This study suggests that the application of Maitland cervical spine mobilization enhanced muscle tone of upper extremity on the involved side symmetrically, and influenced a decrease in muscle tone.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.265-276
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• 2003

The objective of this research is to provide basic data for improving athletic performances, suggesting methods that can be utilized at games and coaching movements in the snatch, by analyzing the level of contribution of muscles to the movements of the snatch lift through three-dimensional imaging and EMG analysis between skilled and unskilled lifters. To this end, three high school students (the skilled group), three middle school student (the unskilled group) were selected; two digital video cameras and electromyography were used. The muscles measured by an EMG include gastrocnemius muscle, biceps femoris muscle, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi muscle, trapezius muscle, and brachioradialis. Based on the Ariel Performance Analysis System (APAS) program, the results of the analysis are summarized as follows. 1. In performing snatch pulls, the skilled lifters were found to simultaneously move the weight centers of the body and the barbell close to vertical, close to the shoulders in the pulling portion; in snatching and grabbing the barbell from a sited position, it was observed that the shorter the time for adjusting to change in the height of the barbell by using rotational inertia, the better it is to perform the movements. 2. The skilled lifters were observed to perform stable and efficient movements in grabbing the bar in a sited position, by moving the barbell and weight center of the body close to vertical and moving the shoulder joint under the bar fast. 3. The results of the EMG analysis of the entire movements from the snatching portion to the portion of grabbing the bar in a sited position show that when the skilled lifters lifted the barbell vertically during the pulling portion, their shoulder joints were extended to put more weight on biceps femoris muscle and brachioradialis; and in snatching and grabbing the bar from a sited position, it was found desirable to increase the myoelectrical activity of erector spinae in order to achieve a balance in the movements of the hip joint between font and rear, as the weight centers of the body and the barbell move higher. On the other hand, the unskilled lifters were found that in response to change in posture, they increase their muscular strength inefficiently in performing the movements throughout the entire lifting process.