• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.51-65
• /
• 1990

The purpose of the present study was to examine the hemodynamic responses, especially in arterial and skin blood flows, in conjunction with the changes of plasma catecholamine levels as an indirect marker of adrenergic tone during the early stage of head-down tilt (HDT), and to evaluate the early physiological regulatory mechanism in simulated weightlessness. Ten mongrel dogs, weighing8\;{\sim}\;14\;kg, were intravenously anesthetized with nembutal, and postural changes were performed by using the tilting table. The postural changes were performed in the following order: supine, prone, HDT $(-6^{\circ}C)$ and lastly recovery prone position. The duration of each position was 30 minutes. The measurements were made before, during and after each postural change. The arterial blood flow $({\.{Q}})$ at the left common carotid and right brachial arteries was measured by the electromagnetic flowmeter. Blood pressure (BP) was directly measured by pressure transducer in the left brachial artery. To evaluate the peripheral blood flow, skin blood flow $({\.{Q}})$ was calculated by the percent changes of photoelectric pulse amplitude on the forepaw, and skin temperature was recorded. The peripheral vascular resistance (PR) was calculated by dividing respective mean BP values by ${\.{Q}}$ of both sides of common carotid and brachial arteries. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f) and PH, $Po_{2},\;Pco_{2}$ and hematocrit of arterial and venous blood were also measured. The concentration of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine was measured by radioenzymatic method. The results are summarized as follows: Tilting to head-down position from prone position, HR was initially increased (p<0.05) and BP was not significantly changed. While ${\.{Q}}$ of the common carotid artery was decreased (p<0.05) and PR through the head was increased, ${\.{Q}}$ of the brachial artery was increased (p<0.05) and PR through forelimbs was decreased. ${\.{Q}}$ of the forepaw was initially increased (p<0.05) and then slightly decreased, on the whole revealing an increasing trend. Plasma norepinephrine was slightly decreased and the epinephrine was slightly increased. f was increased and arterial pH was increased (p<0.05). In conclusion, the central blood pooling during HDT shows an increased HR via Bainbridge reflex and an increased ${\.{Q}}$ of the forepaw and brachial ${\.{Q}}$, due to decreased PR which may be originated from the depressor reflex of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors. It is suggested that the blood flow to the brain was adequately regulated throughout HDT $(-6^{\circ}C)$ in spite of central blood pooling. And it is apparent that the changes of plasma norepinephrine level are inversely proportional to those of ${\.{Q}}$ of the forepaw, and the changes of epinephrine level are paralleled with those of the brachial ${\.{Q}}$.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.767-771
• /
• 1995

The bronchial artery-pulmonary vein malformation should be called the systemic artery-to-pulmonary vein arterioveonus malformation in the lung. Although pulmonary arteriovenous malformation has been well documented in intrapulmonary arteriovenous malformation, the systemic artery-to-pulmonary vein arteriovenous malformation is rare. Most patients with systemic artery-to-pulmonary vein arteriovenous malformation is asymptomatic and the diagnosis of these anomaly may be done by continuous murmur or abnormal chest X-ray on the physical examination. The pathogenesis of this condition is congenital malformation which explains these anastomoses between the pulmonary vein and accessory brachial arteries and acquired malformation which explains development of new blood vessel to supply large enough to cause significant systemic-pulmonary shunts due to inflammation secondary to infection, trauma, or previous surgery. We experienced a case of the bronchial artery-pulmonary vein malformation which was detected on angiography in 20-year-old women whose chief complain is hemoptysis. This massive hemoptysis was controlled by selective brachial artery embolization with Gelfoam and Ivalon particles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.441-443
• /
• 2009

Piezo Film Sensor를 이용하여 팔뚝의 상완 동맥에서 맥박 측정을 위한 센서부 최적 구조에 관한 연구를 하였다. 탈부착이 쉬운 팔뚝형 밴드 형태에 Piezo Film Sensor를 삽입하여 생체 신호를 측정 하였다. 센서부의 최적 구조를 알기 위해서 센서패드 구조물의 형태에서 매질 및 두께를 변화시켜 가면서 생체 신호의 크기를 비교하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.417-419
• /
• 2020

Surgeons avoid creating arteriovenous fistulae in obese patients owing to deep vessels, cannulation complications, and inconsistent outcomes. We describe placing an arteriovenous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft between the brachial artery and axillary vein to avoid these complications. A 39-year-old super-obese woman with end-stage renal disease had undergone several hemodialysis access procedures on both arms. We traced the course of the arteriovenous graft course with the patient sitting and lying down. The ideal course was more accurate with the patient sitting; thus, the patient sat when the course was drawn, before lying on the operating bed. The PTFE graft was placed between the right brachial artery and axillary vein, according to the course in the opposite arm. No anastomotic dehiscence or pseudoaneurysm has taken place during 2 years of follow-up. In super-obese patients, the ideal course for arteriovenous grafts should be drawn while they are sitting, avoiding skin folds. This tip could avoid anastomotic dehiscence and pseudoaneurysm between the axillary vein and a PTFE graft.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.55-59
• /
• 1995

Stellate ganglion block (SGB) is applicated frequently to increase the blood flow and to reduce the pain in head, neck and upper extremity. The effects of SGB are able to be estimated by clinical signs and symptoms of Horner's syndrome, skin warmth, anhydrosis, etc. The effects are also estimated by sympathetic function and the blood flow. Blood flow velocities and pulsatility indices of common carotid,d axillary, brachial and radial artery were measured by Doppler flowmeter after SGB with 1% lidocaine at C6 level. Blood velocities of all arteries were increased and pulsatility indices of all arteries were decreased. This results suggest that SGB increase the blood flow of head and upper extremity and Doppler flowmeter is a good indicator of the effects of SGB.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.215-219
• /
• 2011

Background: Selective antegrade perfusion via axillary artery cannulation along with circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia has became a recent trend for performing surgery on the ascending aorta and aortic arch and when direct aortic cannulation is not feasible. The authors of this study tried using moderate hypothermia with right brachial and femoral artery perfusion to complement the pitfalls of single axillary artery cannulation and deep hypothermia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 36 patients who received ascending aorta or aortic arch replacement between July 2005 and May 2010. The adverse outcomes included operative mortality, permanent neurologic dysfunction and temporary neurologic dysfunction. Results: Of these 36 patients, 32 (88%) were treated as emergencies. The mean age of the patients was 61.9 years (ranging from 29 to 79 years) and there were 19 males and 17 females. The principal diagnoses for the operation were acute type A aortic dissection (31, 86%) and aneurysmal disease without aortic dissection (5, 14%). The performed operations were ascending aorta replacement (9, 25%), ascending aorta and hemiarch replacement (13, 36%), ascending aorta and total arch replacement (13, 36%) and total arch replacement only (1, 3%). The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was $209.4{\pm}85.1$ minutes, and the circulatory arrest with selective antegrade perfusion time was $36.1{\pm}24.2$ minutes. The lowest core temperature was $24{\pm}2.1^{\circ}C$. There were five deaths within 30 post-op days (mortality: 13.8%). Two patients (5.5%) had minor neurologic dysfunction and six patients, including three patients who had preoperative cerebral infarction or unconsciousness, had major neurologic dysfunction (16.6%). Conclusion: When direct aortic cannulation is not feasible for ascending aorta and aortic arch replacement, the right brachial and femoral artery can be used as arterial perfusion routes with the patient under moderate hypothermia. This technique resulted in acceptable outcomes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 1974

Eleven cases of peripheral arterial injuries treated at Korea University Woo Sok Hospital during these 3 years and 3 months from Feb. 1971Eleven cases of peripheral arterial injuries treated at Korea University Woo Sok Hospital during these 3 years and 3 months from Feb. 1971 to May 1974 were reviewed. Common causes of injuries were stab wound, automobile accidents and iatrogenic injuries during operation. Of the 11 arterial injuries 3 were femoral artery which` was the commonest in frequency and the next was 2 cases of brachial artery. The most frequent type of injury was transection. Laceration, contusion and spasm was also recognized. The need to operate immediately following an injury was emphasized. Operative procedures were end to end anastomosis and saphenous vein graft in 5 and 2 cases, respectively. Other cases were undergone multiple suture ligature due to staphyllococcal infection, insertion of polyethylene catheter, and lateral suture after thromboendarterectomy. Fractures and extensive soft tissue damage associated with arterial injuries with widespread destruction of the collateral circulation aggravated the situation and complicated the amputation of lower extremity in 4 cases. The factors influencing the amputation were time lag, presence of associated injuries and complications.[KTCS 1974;1:109-116] Common causes of injuries were stab wound, automobile accidents and iatrogenic injuries during operation. Of the 11 arterial injuries 3 were femoral artery which` was the commonest in frequency and the next was 2 cases of brachial artery. The most frequent type of injury was transection. Laceration, contusion and spasm was also recognized. The need to operate immediately following an injury was emphasized. Operative procedures were end to end anastomosis and saphenous vein graft in 5 and 2 cases, respectively. Other cases were undergone multiple suture ligature due to staphyllococcal infection, insertion of polyethylene catheter, and lateral suture after thromboendarterectomy. Fractures and extensive soft tissue damage associated with arterial injuries with widespread destruction of the collateral circulation aggravated the situation and complicated the amputation of lower extremity in 4 cases. The factors influencing the amputation were time lag, presence of associated injuries and complications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.466-469
• /
• 1985

The patient was 17 years old female who complained of coldness of right arm and occasional dizziness, since 4 months prior to admission. On physical examination, the right radial, brachial and common carotid arterial pulses were not palpable. Aortography revealed narrowing of innominate and right common carotid arteries, and complete obstruction of right subclavian artery. The right axillary artery was faintly visualized on the delayed film. Axillo-axillar bypass was done using Gore-Tex graft of 8 mm I.D.. By bilateral subclavicular incision, both side axillary arteries was exposed. End to side anastomosis was made between graft and right axillary artery and the graft was brought out to the left side, subcutaneously, over the sternum, and the anastomosis was made between graft and left axillary artery. Postoperatively, both radial pulses were equally palpable. On follow-up visiting, there were no subjective symptoms and blood pressure in both arms was equal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2018.01a
• /
• pp.47-50
• /
• 2018

본 논문에서는 초음파 영상에서 환자 정보를 제거하여 ROI 영역을 추출하고, 추출된 ROI 영역에서 최대 명암도를 임계치로 설정한 이진화 기법을 적용하여 ROI 영역을 이진화 한다. 이진화된 ROI 영역에서 4 방향 윤곽선 추적 기법을 적용하여 상완동맥 혈류 영역이 존재하는 사다리꼴 형태의 영역을 추출한다. 추출된 사다리꼴 형태의 영역에서 상완동맥 혈류영역을 정확히 추출하기 위하여 제안된 무게 중심법을 이용하여 추출된 후보 영역을 양자화 한다. 무게 중심법은 추출된 사다리꼴 영역에서 FCM 기반 무게중심법과 PCM 기반 무게중심법을 각각 계산한 후, 두 중심 간의 차이가 존재 할 경우에는 두 중심의 평균값을 새로운 무게 중심으로 설정하여 각 픽셀들을 클러스터링하여 상완 동맥 영역을 추출한다. 추출된 상완 동맥 영역에는 고혈압 영역인 빨강색 영역과 저혈압이나 혈류가 역류하는 영역인 파란색 영역이 존재한다. 추출된 상완 동맥 영역에서 고혈압 영역만을 추출하기 위해 빨강색 영역을 제외한 그 외의 영역은 제거한다. 전문의가 제공한 상완동맥 혈류 초음파 영상을 대상으로 TPR(True Positive Rate) 검사을 분석한 결과, 제안된 방법이 기존의 방법 보다 TPR 값이 높게 나타나는 것을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2019

[Purpose] Eccentric exercise induces a decrease in vascular endothelial function. Curcumin, a major component of turmeric, has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that are associated with vascular protective effects. The present study examined the effect of acute supplementation of curcumin on eccentric exercise-induced endothelial dysfunction in healthy young men. [Methods] Fourteen healthy sedentary young men (range, 21-29 years) were assigned to either the curcumin (n = 6) or placebo (n = 8) group. All subjects consumed either curcumin or placebo before exercise, and eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors was performed with their nondominant arm. Before and 60 min after exercise, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), as an indicator of endothelial function, was measured in the non-exercised arm. [Results] Brachial artery FMD significantly decreased following eccentric exercise (p < 0.05) in the placebo group, but acute supplementation with curcumin before exercise nullified this change. The change in FMD before and after eccentric exercise between the placebo and curcumin groups was significantly different (p < 0.05). [Conclusion] The present study found that acute curcumin supplementation could attenuate the decrease in endothelial function, as measured by FMD, following eccentric exercise in healthy young men.