• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.253-261
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• 1987

Thermoacoustic oscillation of an air column induced by heated wires is investigated analytically and experimentally. Acoustic power generation from a single heater wire is estimated based on the result of heat transfer analysis and expressed in terms of the efficiency factor indicating the conversion efficiency from heat to acoustic energy. It is shown that the efficiency factor becomes maximum when the wire radius is the order of the coustic boundary layer thickness and the flow velocity is close to the thermal diffusion velocity. Onset condition of the column oscillation is obtained by equating the acoustic power generation at the heater to the power loss due to thermoviscous dissipation at the tube wall and the convection and radiationloss at the open ends of the tube. In estimating the acoustic power generation, the heater is treated as a stretched single wire by correcting the flow velocity to take into account the interactions between adjacent heater wires. Experiment is performed by using a spiral heater of 1mm diameter in an air column of 37mm diameter. The heat input to drive the oscillation is measured and compared with the theoretical prediction. A good agreement is found between the theory and experiment, which is regarded as a substantial verification of the present analysis.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2006

In this paper, TE(transverse electric) scattering problems by a resistive strip grating on a grounded dielectric plane according to the strip width and grating period, the relative permittivity and thickness of dielectric layer, and incident angles of a TE plane wave are analyzed by applying the FGMM(Fourier-Galerkin Moment Method) known as a numerical procedure. The induced surface current density is simply expanded in a Fourier series by using the exponential function as a simple function. The reflected power gets increased according as the relative permittivity and thickness of dielectric multilayers gets increased, the sharp variations of the reflected power are due to resonance effects were previously called wood's anomallies[7]. To verify the validity of the proposed method, the numerical results of normalized reflected power for the uniform resistivity R = 0 as a conductive strip case show in good agreement with those in the existing paper.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.771-776
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• 2008

The main purpose in having a control surface on a ship is to control the motion of it. It is the important element to determine the maneuvering characteristics of the ship. In this paper, the measured results has been compared with each other to predict the performance characteristics of flapped rudder's 2-dimensional section at $Re=3.0{\times}10^4$ using 2-frame grey level cross correlation PIV method. The side force of the rudder could be mainly improved by the lift force at 10 degrees angle of attack and the drag force at 20 degrees angle of attack. The separation point and boundary layer could be controlled by the change of the only flap's angle at 10 degrees angle of attack.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.325-336
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• 2018

The physical infrastructure of the power systems, including the high-voltage transmission towers and lines as well as the poles and wires for power distribution at a lower voltage level, is critical for the resilience of the community since the failures or nonfunctioning of these structures could introduce large area power outages under the extreme weather events. In the current engineering practices, single circuit lattice steel towers linked by transmission lines are widely used to form power transmission systems. After years of service and continues interactions with natural and built environment, progressive damages accumulate at various structural details and could gradually change the structural performance. This study is to evaluate the typical existing transmission tower-line system subjected to synoptic winds (atmospheric boundary layer winds). Effects from the possible corrosion penetration on the structural members of the transmission towers and the aerodynamic damping force on the conductors are evaluated. However, corrosion in connections is not included. Meanwhile, corrosion on the structural members is assumed to be evenly distributed. Wind loads are calculated based on the codes used for synoptic winds and the wind tunnel experiments were carried out to obtain the drag coefficients for different panels of the transmission towers as well as for the transmission lines. Sensitivity analysis is carried out based upon the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) to evaluate the structural capacity of the transmission tower-line system for different corrosion and loading conditions. Meanwhile, extreme value analysis is also performed to further estimate the short-term extreme response of the transmission tower-line system.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.151-163
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• 1997

In this paper, an algorithm for retrieving soil moisture from measurement of microwave reflection at the end of a coaxial canble is presented. Because the wave reflection from the boundary between air and soil layers depends on the dielectric constant of the soil layer, the dielectric constant can be obtained from measured reflection coefficient. At first, an equivalent circuit for the coaxial probe contaced on the soil surface was chosen with two unknown circuit elements. Then, the unknown circuit elements are obtained experrmentally by measuring the reflection constants of 20 soil samples, and consequently, an empirical formula for computing the dielectric constant from the reflection coefficient is obtained. The dielectric constant is mainly influenced by the soil moisture, and the soil moisture can be computed from the dielecfic constant using an existing empirical formula. HP Network Analyzer 8510C was used to measure the magnitude and the phase of the reflection coeffcient at 4.65 GHz, and the measured data set were used to obtain an empirical formula for computing the dielectric constant. The empirical formula obtained in this study was proven by other soil samples.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.464-464
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• 2017

경사가 급한 산지하천은 대부분 전석이 산재한 자갈하상으로 되어 있다. 전석은 계곡이나 사면에서 발생한 토석류의 일부로 하천에 유입하여 하류로 이송되는 중에 하상에 퇴적된다. 이후 발생하는 홍수에 따라서 거대 전석은 단속적 이동하기 때문에 하천 흐름을 방해하는 돌출장애물로서 기능하는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 개수로 흐름의 장애를 유발하는 돌출물이 경계층 높이에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지를 파악하기 위하여 장애물 돌출높이의 변화가 경계층고에 미치는 영향을 수리실험으로 조사하였다. 본 연구인 경계층분포 실험은 폭 0.6m, 길이 9m인 순환식 유량공급 개수로에서 진행하였으며 실제 경계층 측정 길이는 폭 0.6m, 최대 길이 1.2m, 수심 0.2m이다. 개수로에 돌출장애물을 부착 후 3차원 유속계를 이용하여 유속을 측정하였다. 유속계의 측정간격은 수로 방향, 폭 방향, 수심방향으로 각각 1cm씩 이동하며 유속 u, v, w를 측정하였으며 이때 흐름의 평균유속은 0.51m/s이다. 실험에 사용된 돌출 장애물의 크기는 가로와 세로는 6cm, 길이 6~10cm인 직육면체 콘크리트이다. 포설된 하상재료의 평균입경은 20.5mm의 강자갈이며 포설된 높이는 평균 20.5mm이다. 실험방법은 개수로 바닥에 돌출장애물을 부착 후 그 하류에서 수심, 유량, 유속, 수온을 측정한다. 또한 하상재료를 포설하고 위와 같은 방법으로 실험을 진행 후 결과를 비교, 분석한다. 본 연구는 결과를 정리하면, 동일한 높이의 돌출장애물이 있을 경우 개수로 유속분포는 자갈하상에서 기울기가 더 급하였다. 돌출 장애물에서 하류로 갈수록 무차원 경계층 두께는 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 자갈하상인 경우에는 진동을 나타내고 있어서 하상의 조도가 경계층 안정에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 자갈하상과 같이 하상의 조도고가 클 때 경계층 변화에 미치는 기구를 파악하는 연구가 필요하다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.109-112
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• 2004

Of late, the thrust vectoring control, using fluidic co-flow and counter-flow concepts, has been received much attention since it not only improves the maneuverability of propulsive engine but also reduces an additional material load due to the trailing control wings, which in turn reduce the aerodynamic drag. However, the control effects are not understood well since the flow field involves very complicated non: physics such as shock wave/boundary layer interaction, separation and significant unsteadiness. Existing data are not enough to achieve the effectiveness and usefulness of the thrust vectoring control, and systematic work is required for the purpose of practical applications In the present study, computational study has been performed to investigate the effects of the thrust vector control using the fluidic co-and counter-flow concepts. The results obtained show that, for a given pressure ratio, the thrust deflection angle has a maximum value at a certain suction flow rate, which is at less than $5\%$ of the mass flow rate of the primary jet. With a longer collar, the same vector angle is achievable with smaller mass flow rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1998

Industrial ejector system is a facility to transport, to compress or to pump out a low pressure secondary flow by using a high pressure primary flow. An advantage of the ejector system is in its geometrical simplicity, not having any moving part, compared with other fluid machinery. Most of the previous works have been performed experimentally and analytically. The obtained data. are too insufficient to improve our current understanding on the detailed flow field inside the ejector. In order to provide more comprehensive data on this ejector flow field, two-dimensional computations using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations were performed for a very wide range of operating pressure ratio of the supersonic ejector with a secondary throat. The current results showed that the supersonic ejector system has an optimum pressure ratio for the secondary flow total pressure to be minimized. The numerical results clearly revealed the shock system, shock/boundary layer interaction, and secondary flow entrainment inside the supersonic ejector.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.350-355
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• 2012

Past few years have seen the growing importance of micro shock tubes in various engineering applications. A pharma ballistic technique is one such application which uses micro shock tube to accelerate drug particles and penetrate into skin, thus avoiding the usual injection drug delivery system. But for the efficient design of such instruments requires the detailed knowledge of shock characteristics and flow field inside a micro shock tube. Due to many factors such as boundary layer, low Reynolds number and high Knudsen number shock propagation inside micro shock tubes will be quite different from that of the well established macro shock tubes. In the present study, experimental studies were carried out on a micro shock tube of 3 mm diameter to investigate flow characteristics and shock propagation. Pressure values were measured at different locations inside the driven section. From the experimental values other parameters like shock velocity, shock strength were found and shock wave diagram was constructed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.50-56
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• 2012

Vent mixer can provide main flow directly into a recirculation region downstream of the mixer to enhance fuel-air mixing efficiency. Based on experimental results of three-dimensional velocity, vorticity and turbulent kinetic energy obtained by a stereoscopic PIV method, the performance of the vent mixer was compared with that of the step mixer which was used as a basic model. Thick shear layers of the vent mixer induced the increase of the penetration height. The turbulent kinetic energy mainly distributed along a boundary layer between the main flow and the jet plume. This turbulent field activates mass transfer in a mixing region, leading to the mixing enhancement.