• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.177-185
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to use as the basic data for design method in commercial space. So, we analyzed whether any emotion was induced by finishing materials in the commercial space. And we was to suggest expression methods of finish materials to induce in the emotional space. The results of this study are as follows : First, we could know that the emotional design is needed to enhance satisfaction of consumers. The role of finishing material is very important in emotional expression in the commercial space. Second, we extracted the adjectives vocabulary(14 pairs) to evaluate the space emotion. we could educe the four kinds of space emotion by Factor Analysis. In addition, we could arrange the emotional words to represent each space type(Decoration : 5 pairs, Expand : 4 pairs, Limitation : 3 pairs, Hierarchy : 2 pairs). Third, to use finishing materials and wall is very effective to induce the emotion in the emotional space. To use the color is good among the elements of finishing materials. Fourth, We could find that the center of the types of emotional space was induced with the boundary and the decoration. If we use contrasting colors and accent colors in the commercial space, we can induce the center and the boundary together. And if we use colorful or unusual patterns, we can induce the center and the decoration together. Fifth, To induce the expand, we should finish with one color in space. And To induce the center, we should finish with one type of the color or pattern and then we should partially use the contrast color and special pattern. the case of boundary, it is good method to part emphasize by color, texture and materials. And we can induce the decoration with materials and patterns.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.734-741
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• 2004

Boundary layer ingestion in airframe-integrated scramjet engines causes engine stall (“engine un start” hereafter) and restricts engine performance. To improve the unstart characteristics in engines, boundary layer bleed and a two-staged injection of fuel were examined in Mach 4 and Mach 6 engine tests. A boundary layer bleed system consisting of a porous plate, an air coolers, a metering orifice and an ON/OFF valve, was designed for each of the engines. First, a method to determine bleed rate requirements was developed. Porous plates were designed to suck air out of the Mach 4 engine at a rate of 200 g/s and out of the Mach 6 engine at a rate of 30 g/s. Air coolers were then optimized based on the bleed airflow rates. The exhaust air temperature could be cooled below 600 K in the porous plates and the compact air coolers. The Mach 4 engine tests showed that a small bleed rate of 3% doubled the engine operating range and thrust. With the assistance of two-staged fuel injection of H2, the engine operating range was extended to Ф0.95 and the maximum thrust was tripled to 2560 N. The Mach 6 tests showed that a bleed of 30 g/s (0.6% of captured air in the engine) extended the start limit from Ф0.48 to Ф1 to deliver a maximum thrust of 2460 N.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 2011

We get a theorem which shows that there exist at least two or three nontrivial weak solutions for the nonlinear parabolic boundary value problem with the variable coefficient jumping nonlinearity. We prove this theorem by restricting ourselves to the real Hilbert space. We obtain this result by approaching the topological method. We use the Leray-Schauder degree theory on the real Hilbert space.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.427-468
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• 2015

To date, we have considered the theoretical views, the standpoint of states and the discourse within the international community such as the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space(COPUOS) regarding the Air/Outer Space Boundary Question which is one of the first issues of UN COPUOS established in line with marking the starting point of Outer Space Area. As above mentioned, discussions in the United Nations and among scholars of within each state regarding the delimitation issue often saw a division between those in favor of a functional approach (the functionalists) and those seeking the delineation of a boundary (the spatialists). The spatialists emphasize that the boundary between air and outer space should be delimited because the status of outer space is a type of public domain from which sovereign jurisdiction is excluded, as stated in Article 2 of Outer Space Treaty. On the contrary art. I of Chicago Convention is evidence of the acknowledgement of sovereignty over airspace existing as an international customary law, has the binding force of which exists independently of the Convention. The functionalists, backed initially by the major space powers, which viewed any boundary demarcation as possibly restricting their access to space, whether for peaceful or non-military purposes, considered it insufficient or inadequate to delimit a boundary of outer space without obvious scientific and technological evidences. Last more than 50 years there were large development in the exploration and use of outer space. But a large number states including those taking the view of a functionalist have taken on a negative attitude. As the element of location is a decisive factor for the choice of the legal regime to be applied, a purely functional approach to the regulation of activities in the space above the Earth does not offer a solution. It seems therefore to welcome the arrival of clear evidence of a growing recognition of and national practices concerning a spatial approach to the problem is gaining support both by a large number of States as well as by publicists. The search for a solution to the problem of demarcating the two different legal regimes governing the space above Earth has undoubtedly been facilitated and a number of countries including Russia have already advocated the acceptance of the lowest perigee boundary of outer space at a height of 100km. As a matter of fact the lowest perigee where space objects are still able to continue in their orbiting around the earth has already been imposed as a natural criterion for the delimitation of outer space. This delimitation of outer space has also been evidenced by the constant practice of a large number of States and their tacit consent to space activities accomplished so far at this distance and beyond it. Of course there are still numerous opposing views on the delineation of a outer space boundary by space powers like U.S.A., England, France and so on. Therefore, first of all to solve the legal issues faced by the international community in outer space activities like delimitation problem, there needs a positive and peaceful will of international cooperation. From this viewpoint, President John F. Kennedy once described the rationale behind the outer space activities in his famous "Moon speech" given at Rice University in 1962. He called upon Americans and all mankind to strive for peaceful cooperation and coexistence in our future outer space activities. And Kennedy explained, "There is no strife, ${\ldots}$ nor any international conflict in outer space as yet. But its hazards are hostile to us all: Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation may never come again." This speech seems to even present us in the contemporary era with ample suggestions for further peaceful cooperation in outer space activities including the delimitation of outer space.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.293-301
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to find the space perception by the scene and to analyze the characteristics in the exhibition space. The data for the analysis was collected through a questionnaire survey method. The questionnaire is composed of a scene selection on the panoramic photographs of the exhibition space. 'The 4 Rivers Cultural Center - The ARK' was selected as the subject of this survey. The results of the study are presented as follows : First, the space perception perceived imaged scenes rather than the specific elements of space. Second, the space perception was revealed through the 'Form', 'Materials', 'Light', 'Lighting', 'Furniture' and 'Media' of notable elements. Also that was perceived by forming 'Line', 'Surface' and 'Volume'. Particularly, the perception of 'Surface' was higher than 'Line' and 'Volume'. 'Surface' was perceived mostly through the 'Color'. The perception of 'Line' was positive to 'Boundary' or 'Continuous placement of the light'. In addition, the perception of 'Volume' was positive to 'The curve of the form', 'Transparent material', 'Three-dimensional elements'. Finally, The type of space perception was chosen as 'Extension', 'Center', 'Deep', 'Boundary' and 'Formative'. In this way, the results of this study will set a foundation for developing design methods to induce the space perception by the scene in the exhibition space.

• Proceeding of KASS Symposium
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.80-85
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• 2008

This paper investigate the structure instability properties of the shelled space frame structure. The large structure must have thin thickness for build the large space structure there fore structure instability review is important when we do structural design. The structure instability of the shelled structure accept it sensitively by varied conditions. This come to a nonlinear problem with be concomitant large deformation. In this study, it is compared unstable behavior according to lode and boundary condition of the shelled space frame structure through numerical method which considered geometrical nonlinear and grasped influence for the instability phenomenon and investigated the fundamental collapse mechanism.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.753-766
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• 2015

An investigation has been carried out for the propagation of torsional surface waves in an inhomogeneous prestressed layer over an inhomogeneous half space when the upper boundary plane is assumed to be rigid. The inhomogeneity in density, initial stress (tensile and compressional) and rigidity are taken as an arbitrary function of depth, where as for the elastic half space, the inhomogeneity in density and rigidity is hyperbolic function of depth. In the absence of heterogeneities of medium, the results obtained are in agreement with the same results obtained by other relevant researchers. Numerically, it is observed that the velocity of torsional wave changes remarkably with the presence of inhomogeneity parameter of the layer. Curves are compared with the corresponding curve of standard classical elastic case. The results may be useful to understand the nature of seismic wave propagation in geophysical applications.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.345-362
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• 1998

We introduce and anlyze a naturally parallelizable frequency-domain method for parabolic problems with a Neumann boundary condition. After taking the Fourier transformation of given equations in the space-time domain into the space-frequency domain, we solve an indefinite, complex elliptic problem for each frequency. Fourier inversion will then recover the solution of the original problem in the space-time domain. Existence and uniqueness of a solution of the transformed problem corresponding to each frequency is established. Fourier invertibility of the solution in the frequency-domain is also examined. Error estimates for a finite element approximation to solutions fo transformed problems and full error estimates for solving the given problem using a discrete Fourier inverse transform are given.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.2 s.55
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• pp.56-64
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• 2006

From ancient times to today the formation of centrality in architecture has taken very important role as an organizing device. However after 19th century modem architecture focused on the universal aspect and homogeneity of space, and developed its own vocabulary through de-centralization. Since 1960's the reflections on de-humanized space of modem space have been evloved. As those movement has been understood seriously, the centrality can be changed to phenomenological one. And The phenomenological centrality maintains organic balance with its surroundings not trying to form a hierarchic system. So it shows human-oriented tendency and facilitates experiential movements of human body. And it also gives a sense of being. The phenomenological centrality is comprised of center, boundary, and two types of axis. The characteristics of phenomenological centrality can be analyzed as practical and meaningful center, visible boundary, experiential movement, and unexpectable encounters with spaces and nature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.278-281
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• 2004

To realize magnetic sails, momentum of the solar wind should be efficiently transferred to a spacecraft via magnetic field, which is produced around a spacecraft. In this paper, two important physical processes are addressed: 1) diffusive processes caused by plasma turbulence at the magnetospheric boundary around the spacecraft; and 2) field aligned current loops that will electrically connect the magnetospheric boundary and the spacecraft. The idea of the magnetic sails will be demonstrated by an experimental simulator, in which a fast plasma beam will penetrate into a dipole magnetic field. For that purpose, the two important physical processes should be scaled down to a small laboratory experiment in a space chamber. From the scaling considerations, the interaction can be scaled down if high-speed and high-density $(10^{19}m^{-3})$ plasma jet is used with 1-T-class magnetic field.