• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.138-146
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• 2022

Research on the reduction of plastic use to prevent environmental pollution is urgently needed. Accordingly, studies on reducing the weight of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles are currently being conducted. PET bottles are fabricated by injection stretch blow molding. In this study, stretch blow molding for fabricating PET bottles using preform studied through a computer simulation. Blowing characteristics are analyzed by varying the start time of the pre-blow, which is one of the process conditions of stretch blow molding. Simulation results and the preform inflation process are presented, and the parameters of stretch ratio, stretching path, thickness distribution, and weight distribution of blown PET bottles are investigated.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.253-264
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• 2016

Based on the variation of strain along the cross section, any region in a structural member can be classified into two regions namely, Bernoulli's region (B-region) and Disturbed region (D-region). Since the variation of strain along the cross section for a B-region is linear, well-developed theories are available for their analysis and design. On the other hand, the design of D-region is carried out based on thumb rules and past experience due to the presence of nonlinear strain distribution. Strut-and-Tie method is a novel approach that can be used for the analysis and design of both B-region as well as D-region with equal importance. The strut efficiency factor (${\beta}_s$) is needed for the design and analysis of concrete members using Strut and Tie method. In this paper, equations for finding ${\beta}_s$ for bottle shaped struts in concrete deep beams (a D-region) with and without steel fibres are developed. The effects of transverse reinforcement on ${\beta}_s$ are also considered. Numerical studies using commercially available finite element software along with limited amount of experimental studies were used to find ${\beta}_s$.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 2018

This study aimed at revaluating Frank Gehry's freeform constructions. To this end, the study analyzed the way the space composition and circulation system of general constructions are connected with newly extended parts in the Art Gallery of Ontario and, based on this, comparatively analyzed freeform constructions before and after the art gallery, finding out what changes were made in the exterior and interior spaces of freeform constructions built after the art gallery. The results of the study are as follows. First, starting from extending the Art Gallery of Ontario, Gehry came to use glass instead of metal as main material of freeform constructions. In order to create the circulation connecting the existing building and the extended mass, Gehry applied continuing circulation for the first time to the gallery. Third, in addition to design motives, such as the woodblock print depicting a carp by Hiroshige, still life depicting a glass bottle by Morandi and the crease of the shawl in Vermeer's paintings, which Gehry applied to freeform constructions, the design motif which was recently acquired from Pyrenees rock was added. Fourth, the trend of mall construction appeared before and after the Art Gallery of Ontario. Finally, Gary used the shape of fish as a design motif for his work at an important turning point in his Freeform Architecture.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.325-335
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• 2024

In this study, I investigated cases of operating Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) sustainable design courses based on interdisciplinary education for diverse design major students in the fashion design department. Through literature review, we examined the necessity of this course operation and analyzed the course through class design, execution, and operational results. Sustainable design courses were organized for 2nd to 4th-year students, promoting integrated learning for fashion design and various design majors to enhance interdisciplinary skills based on the in-depth study of SDGs issues. The educational content in the classes focused on the sustainable development goals achieved through upcycling design of waste PET bottle fibers developed by local industries, aiming to pursue sustainable values of designers through problem discovery and resolution. Students developed various upcycled products, evaluated metrics, and assessed satisfaction levels. Through this process, students gained an understanding of the practical value of SDGs, recognized the importance of sustainable development through design approaches for solving local issues, and acknowledged the significance of interdisciplinary education with various design majors.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2009

Underground storage cavern is known as the most complicated underground project because of the complexity of construction schedule, tunnel size, and geological problems. In order to optimize the construction schedule of underground storage cavern, two up-to-date technologies were applied. The first technology was 3 dimensional visualization of complicated underground structures, and the second was 4 dimensional simulation considering construction resources, geological conditions and construction schedule. This application case shows that we can achieve optimized construction schedule in the ways to optimize the number of work teams, fleets, the sequence of tunnel excavation, the commencement time of excavation and the hauling route of materials and excavated rocks. 3 dimensional modeling can help designer being able to understand the status of complicated underground structures and to investigate the geological data in the exact 3 dimensional space. Moreover, using 4 dimensional simulation, designer is able to determine the bottle neck point which appear during hauling of excavated rocks and to investigate the daily fluctuation in cost.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.20-35
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate war helmets that were worn by high navy officers during the period of Japanese Invasion of Korea(1592~1598). War helmets worn during the War are classified into three types depending on whether they have a visor or 'cheom' and tongues or 'drim'. The war helmets of circumferential type has neither cheom nor drim. Those of cheom type has cheom, but not drim. And those of drim type has both drim and cheom or jeonbi. The war helmets of cheom type consist of a gamtu which is made of steel and looks like a reversed bowl and cheom that surrounds the entire circumference of gamtu. The war helmets of drim type are reclassified into two types in accordance with the shape of the gamtu and whether they have ganju. Of the two types, one type looks like a reversed bowl and has decorations on the top without ganju. The other type looks like a bottle neck and has ganju on the top, decorations above ganju. War helmets were in transition during the period of Japanese Invasion of Korea. Both the war helmets of cheom and drim types were worn during the War. At that time, the officers also wore war helmets having no ganju and looking like a reversed bowl and those having ganju and looking like a bottle neck. During the period, most war helmets were made of steel, but in the 18th and 19th centuries, most of them were made of leather.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.299-304
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• 2014

Objective : The present study was intended to develop a design ideation and evaluation process for the development of ecology-, ergonomics-, and economy-friendly ($E^3$-friendly) products. Background : Due to increasing social and legal requirements on global sustainability, manufacturing companies have made more efforts ever than before for the development of eco-friendly products. However, most eco-friendly products are often criticized due to lacking ergonomic and/or economic considerations. Method : An $E^3$-friendly product development process consisting of (1) survey of eco-friendly products, (2) characterization of eco-friendly products, (3) design ideation for $E^3$-friendly product, and (4) design idea evaluation for $E^3$-friendliness was established and applied to the development of a novel product which supports drinking of daily recommended amount of water. Results : Fifty-five design characteristics were identified by a survey of forty eco-friendly products and incorporated into the proposed ideation and evaluation process. New ideas and design changes were developed effectively using the proposed development process for a novel $E^3$-friendly bottle for support of water drinking. Conclusion : The proposed process was found effective for the development of eco-friendly design ideas and improvements. Application : The proposed system would be of use to develop better design ideas having market competitiveness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.958-964
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• 2004

Most of people who are engaged in research and development find it difficult to solve the engineering problems creatively due to the lack of ideas. There are two famous methods for inventive problem solving: ＆apos;Brainstorming＆apos; and ＆apos;TRIZ＆apos;. Brainstorming is the most popular tool until now to find a creative solution and TRIZ is not so popular yet but leads us to a very useful and clear solution. These two methods whose goals are the same usually take quite different routes to the final solution; Those routes have their own unique advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, a creative problem solving method optimized by correlating Brainstorming and TRIZ is proposed. And this method demonstrates how rough initial ideas can be quickly refined and how a problem can be solved correctly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.28-35
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• 2000

For the merit of a container in transportation and cargo handling the amount of container freight has been continuously on the increase. On the other hand container crane had got the bottle neck in cargo handling due to low productivity so that freight congestion had been often occurred at ports. in this paper A mathematical model for container crane system is represented a method for designing a fuzzy controller of container crane system for high productivity in cargo handling is presented. The fuzzy controller is compared with other optimal controller at the same condition. in the computer simulation the fuzzy controller obtained an excellent response to reference change better than the optimal controller. For disturbance such as a strong storm and parameter change due to change of cargo weight the result was also stable and robust than the optimal controller.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.4 s.48
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• pp.555-559
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• 2004

The fragrance, created by imagination and aesthetic sense of perfumer, is the essential part to make a hit of product in the 'Emotional consumption era' which producer has to more carefully treat even small parts of product. In this paper, I considered perfume trend and bottle design newly started at the beginning of the 21st century which people persue the peace of mind, and seek the natural fragrance trend and new tendency of aromatherapy technology.