• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.205-214
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• 2022

Research on reducing the thickness of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles is necessary to reduce the amount of plastic used. However, as decreasing a PET bottle's thickness weakens it, a robust bottle design is required. Therefore, in this study, we numerically analyzed various bottom designs of a carbonated soft drink PET bottle with 245 and 500 ml capacities and complicated petaloid shapes. Deformation, equivalent stress, maximum principal stress, and its direction according to each design were analyzed to study the strength of the bottle. The results serve as a reference to design robust petaloid PET bottle bottoms with a reduced thickness for carbonated soft drinks.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2016

In this study, we analyzed the empty body weight and nominal volume of different types of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles commercialized in Korean market. Over 780 PET bottles were collected and classified into four types, heat resistance bottle, normal resistance bottle, pressure resistance bottle, and long period using bottle. Each PET bottle's lightness index was established using bottle weight and nominal volume. Based on the index value, "acceptable" and "optimum" criteria for design guideline of PET bottle were summarized for each PET bottle type. In this paper, we suggest the use of PET bottle lightness index as a design guideline for material resource reduction of PET bottle for Korean beverage industries and bottle makers. For example, we can achieve 2~4 g weight reduction in normal pressure bottle for 500 mL drinking water.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2019

Shrink film is currently being used for plastic container lavels to avoid the use of glue. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle lavels also use shrink films in the same PET materials for easy recycling of PET bottles. An air layer is generated between the shrink film and PET bottle surface due to the bent shape of the bottle surface. This air layer can insulate external heat, as air has a relatively lower thermal conductivity. In this study, the insulation property of the air layer was examined by computer simulation. Two PET bottle models were used, one with and the other without an air layer between the PET bottle surface and lavel. The two bottle models were filled with cold liquid and exposed to room temperature for 6 h, and the temperatures of the contents were then compared. The results showed that the temperature of the contents in the bottle with the air layer was lower than that without the air layer by at least $2^{\circ}C$. This study suggests an effective lavel design of PET bottles while ensuring that the temperature of the bottle contents is maintained.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.172-181
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• 2006

Universal designs begins from observing things. This paper understands contradiction and irrationality about drink bottle used unintentionally in our common life. Those have not found out until now. So an example observation about problem derivation and a practice method of Universal design is presented. People of various classes, such as a child, an old person and a woman, a male, the man in the street, and a disabled person, have been using drink bottle recently. However, the design of drink bottle has become on the basis of the fine and common man, so the other people, for example, children or handicapped persons experience many situations which cannot open cap or cannot be drunk without external help. This research posed questions from the children to the elders about drink bottle by the viewpoint of universal design paying attention to such problems. In the research result, the fixed quantity and qualitative quantity about problem are commented. And the fixed quantity utilized frequency analysis and chi-square verification ($X^2$) for the questionnaire result on the basis, and the qualitative quantity pointed out result in the universal design principle through the data of a precedence research result. An alternative plan for drink bottle's design is presented through case observation of conceptual approach to method of Universal design.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.68-69
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• 1998

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.355-366
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• 2012

This paper analyses the sensory responses of Chinese female consumers towards different designs of perfume bottles with particular attention to the existence of logos on them. We used total 40 samples of the perfume bottles, 20 with logos on them and 20 without, and the results show that young Chinese female consumers prefer simple designs over complex designs that contain different types of free curves with vivid colors. In addition, the existence of logos on bottles was found not to change the responses significantly, meaning that the logos on bottles do not affect sensibility of Chinese female towards perfume bottles. A logo's impacts on the bottle depended in part on the bottle's color and shape. Overall, a perfume bottle with simple shapes and light colors became regarded as more resplendent when the logo was added, but a bottle with more complex shapes and vivid colors tended to become regarded as plainer after adding the logo. This shows that a logo serves as a conciliatory element in the impression of the whole bottle in the 'resplendent-plain' category.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.8 s.173
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• pp.71-75
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• 2005

This study has been focused on the development of automatic bottle air rinser. It is designed to rinse clean empty bottles prior to filling. The bottles are automatically indexed beneath an air nozzle that has both a clean airjet and vacuum source. The bottle is first given a burst of clean air to loosen any particles from the wall of the bottle. A vacuum sequence follows which removes all particulates into a self contained filter unit. In order to the provide the desired function, analysis is carried out by FEM simulation using FLUENT and CATIA software. The final results of analysis are applied to the design of automatic bottle rinser and the machine is successfully developed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.166-169
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• 2005

While use of a pet bottle with use it is light recently and convenient increases quickly, it is used from the child, also diffusing the user to a pet bottle to people of various classes, such as an old person, a woman, a male, the man in the street, and a disabled person. However, those who are standardized on the basis of the common man with the plan energy of a pet bottle, and cannot attain to the standard, That is, a child and a disabled person may be condemned to the vague situation that a lid cannot be opened or a contents thing cannot be drunk without external help. And the characteristic of a material and production which are called PET Even if convenience is emphasized for the cost reduction of COST, a design is chosen easily, and even if it calls it the man in the street, the point of coming to experience a situation with the difficult time of use can be found well. In research of a book, problem derivation which classifies entering school and a preschool man-and-woman child for a child drink for an object first by the viewpoint of universal design paying attention to such problems, and leads the actual use example of a pet bottle was carried out in true heart, and various notional approach was shown by the solution method.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2013

Glass bottle lightness index has been used as a guideline for the lightness of glass bottle. In this study, we developed a glass bottle lightness index (L) by modifying Emhart's lightness index. Domestic and foreign glass bottle products were collected in Korean market and classified into two groups, returnable bottle and one way glass bottle. Emptied glass bottle weight and volume were measured and written product's content volume were recorded to calculate the L value. Based on L value, 'acceptable' and 'optimum' criteria for design guideline of glass bottle were established for both returnable and one way glass bottles. Many of one way glass bottles failed to meet acceptable criteria (L=1.0), while returnable glass bottles mostly satisfied acceptable range (L=1.4). Few of one way glass bottles were even heavier than returnable glass bottles. Generally lightness index (L) of small size drink glass bottles (100 ml) were above 1.0, while these of juice glass bottles (180 ml) were close to acceptable criteria. Most foreign sauce glass bottles met the acceptable level, however most domestic souse glass bottles failed to satisfy acceptable criteria. A few foreign beer glass bottles satisfied optimum criteria, while most domestic beer glass bottles were acceptable level. Our results reveal that domestic glass bottles are mostly heavier than foreign glass bottles. In this paper, we suggest the use glass bottle lightness index as a design guideline for material resource reduction of glass bottle for Korean food and beverage industries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.258-262
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• 2004

This study has been focused on the development of automatic bottle air rinser. It is designed to rinse clean empty bottles prior to filling. The bottles are automatically indexed beneath an air nozzle that has both a clean airjet and vacuum source. The bottle is first given a burst of clean air to loosen any particles from the wall of the bottle. A vacuum sequence follows which removes all particulates into a self contained filter unit. In order to the provide the desired function, analysis is carried out by FEM simulation using FLUENT and CATIA software. The final results of analysis are applied to the design of automatic bottle rinser and the machine is successfully developed.