• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1583-1591
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate microbial population in the rumen of dairy steers as influenced by supplementing with dietary condensed tannins and saponins and different roughage to concentrate ratios. Four, rumen fistulated dairy steers (Bos indicus) were used in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. The main factors were two roughage to concentrate ratios (R:C, 60:40 and 40:60) and two supplementations of rain tree pod meal (RPM) (0 and 60 g/kg of total DM intake). Chopped 30 g/kg urea treated rice straw was used as a roughage source. All animals received feed according to respective R:C ratios at 25 g/kg body weight. The RPM contained crude tannins and saponins at 84 and 143 g/kg of DM, respectively. It was found that ruminal pH decreased while ruminal temperature increased by a higher concentrate ratio (R:C 40:60) (p<0.05). In contrast, total bacterial, Ruminococus albus and viable proteolytic bacteria were not affected by dietary supplementation. Numbers of fungi, cellulolytic bacteria, Fibrobactor succinogenes and Ruminococus flavefaciens were higher while amylolytic bacteria was lower when steers were fed at 400 g/kg of concentrate. The population of Fibrobactor succinogenes, was found to be higher with RPM supplementation. In addition, the use of real-time PCR technique indicated that the population of protozoa and methanogens were decreased (p<0.05) with supplementation of RPM and with an increasing concentrate ratio. Supplementation of RPM and feeding different concentrate ratios resulted in changing the rumen microbes especially, when the animals were fed at 600 g/kg of concentrate and supplemented with RPM which significantly reduced the protozoa and methanogens population.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2010

Pentatrichomonas hominis is considered a commensal protozoan in the large intestine of a number of mammalian hosts, such as cats, dogs, and non-human primates. The resulting infections, which can induce diarrhea, have been attributed to opportunistic overgrowth of P. hominis. This study was performed to confirm the P. hominis infection and its molecular characterization from the feces of puppies with diarrhea. Fecal samples were obtained from 14 German shepherd puppies with diarrhea over 1 week (7 females and 7 males, 2-9 months of age) residing on a dog farm in August 2007. Species-specific PCR assay identified P. hominis 18S rRNA genes in 3 of the 14 puppies (1 female and 2 males; 1 aged 2 months and 2 aged 9 months). This phylogenetic analysis established that P. hominis belonged to the 1st clade, which is comprised of Bos taurus and Felines.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1399-1404
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• 2010

We have created a Bovine Genome Database, an integrated genomic resource for Bos taurus, by merging bovine data from various databases and our own data. We produced 55,213 Korean cattle (Hanwoo) ESTs from cDNA libraries from three tissues. We concentrated on genomic information based on Hanwoo transcripts and provided user-friendly search interfaces within the Bovine Genome Database. The genome browser supported alignment results for the various types of data: Hanwoo EST, consensus sequence, human gene, and predicted bovine genes. The database also provides transcript data information, gene annotation, genomic location, sequence and tissue distribution. Users can also explore bovine disease genes based on comparative mapping of homologous genes and can conduct searches centered on genes within user-selected quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions. The Bovine Genome Database can be accessed at http://bgd.nabc.go.kr.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.17-26
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• 2017

CPV system is composed with CPV cells, modules, PCS(power conditioning system), solar tracker, system installation and balance of systems(BOS). Mention about modelling method which is applied for CPV system simulation and evaluation system analysis. This paper focuses on CPV system modeling and optimal design of the electric energy production analysis through the development of proposed optimal CPV system simulation. Calculated simulation results of the generalized CPV system in regard to loss parameter calculation method can make out optimal configuration of CPV system with high reliability and stability. The loss parameter calculation method establish a mathematical modeling for the purposed of simulation and utilization various data for economical analysis of the CPV system design.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2011

Four kinds of gain and offset correction coefficients that are used to correct the nonuniformity between pixels are discussed. And their correction performance has been compared by performing image correction. using the correction coefficients calculated, on the real image data obtained from a newly fabricated camera electronics system. The performance of the correction coefficients depends in general on the number of the light input levels used to obtain the reference image. The result shows that, as expected obviously, when only two light input levles are used to obtain the reference image, even though its correction coefficients are relatively easily calculated, the correction performance is relatively poor. And with the number of light inputs increased to a value of larger than two, the correction performance is improved. It is noted, however, no Significant performance difference is found between the different correction coefficients employed.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2012

CPV system in the desert areas or areas near the equator, as is suitable for high-temperature region. As compared to silicon solar cells, CPV system have a high proportion of a BOS (balance of system). Solar cells because of its low proportion when designing a module technology is applied in a variety of ways. Applied to the CPV system is classified into two kinds of optical technology. One of those using fresnel lens uses refraction of light energy. The other is a mirror reflection of the structure using sprays. Both of these two ways to condense the sun to collect solar cell is a form of light. And goals by using a small solar cell materials is to produce more energy. In this paper, suitable for a domestic environment, with the aim CPV Manufacturing Technology, built on a variety of modular process technology to the development of a prototype performance analysis was carried out. In particular, silicone coated on the glass by the method of implementation of the Fresnel lens SOG(Silicon on glass) by applying the lens to absorb the solar spectrum was broad. In addition to, for the analyze to characteristics of the CPV module, developed CPV module performance and generating characteristics studied. These related technology through research and development of high-performance multi-junction solar cells, modules, development of concentrating solar power systems to facilitate the growth of the market is considered to be.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1703-1709
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• 2008

As genetic markers, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are very appropriate for the development of genetic tests for economic traits in livestock. Several microsatellite markers have been identified as useful markers for the genetic improvement of Hanwoo. Among those markers, ILSTS035 was recently mapped at a similar position with four SNPs (AH1_11, AH1_9, 31465_446, and 12273_165) in a linkage map of EST-based SNP in BAT6. Among the four SNPs, two SNPs (31465_446 and 12273_165) were analyzed using BLAST at the NCBI web site. The sequences including the 12273_165 SNP were identified at the intron region within the LOC534614 gene on the gene sequence map (Bos taurus NCBI Map view, build 3.1). The LOC534614 gene represents a protein similar to myosin heavy chain, fat skeletal muscle, embryonic isoform 1 in the dog, and myosin_1 (Myosin heavy chain D) in Macaca mulatta. In cattle, the myosin heavy chain was associated with muscle development. The phenotypic data for growth and carcass traits in the 415 animals were analyzed by the mixed ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) linear model using PROC GLM module in SAS v9.1. By the genotyping of Hanwoo individuals (n = 415) to evaluate the association of SNP with growth and carcass traits, it was shown that the 12273_165 SNP region within LOC534614 may be a candidate marker for growth. The results of the statistical analyses suggested that the genotype of the 12273_165 SNP significantly affected birth weight, weight of the cattle at 24 months of age, average daily gain and carcass cold weight (p<0.05). Consequently, the 12273_165 SNP polymorphisms at the LOC534614 gene may be associated with growth in Hanwoo, and functional validation of polymorphisms in LOC534614 should be performed in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.926-935
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• 2015

The efficiency of genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) depends on power of detection for quantitative trait loci (QTL) and precision for QTL mapping. In this study, three different strategies for GWAS were applied to detect QTL for carcass quality traits in the Korean cattle, Hanwoo; a linkage disequilibrium single locus regression method (LDRM), a combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis (LDLA) and a $BayesC{\pi}$ approach. The phenotypes of 486 steers were collected for weaning weight (WWT), yearling weight (YWT), carcass weight (CWT), backfat thickness (BFT), longissimus dorsi muscle area, and marbling score (Marb). Also the genotype data for the steers and their sires were scored with the Illumina bovine 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips. For the two former GWAS methods, threshold values were set at false discovery rate <0.01 on a chromosome-wide level, while a cut-off threshold value was set in the latter model, such that the top five windows, each of which comprised 10 adjacent SNPs, were chosen with significant variation for the phenotype. Four major additive QTL from these three methods had high concordance found in 64.1 to 64.9Mb for Bos taurus autosome (BTA) 7 for WWT, 24.3 to 25.4Mb for BTA14 for CWT, 0.5 to 1.5Mb for BTA6 for BFT and 26.3 to 33.4Mb for BTA29 for BFT. Several candidate genes (i.e. glutamate receptor, ionotropic, ampa 1 [GRIA1], family with sequence similarity 110, member B [FAM110B], and thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box [TOX]) may be identified close to these QTL. Our result suggests that the use of different linkage disequilibrium mapping approaches can provide more reliable chromosome regions to further pinpoint DNA makers or causative genes in these regions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.8-19
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• 2017

Objective: A whole genome association study was conducted to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with additive and dominant effects for growth and carcass traits in Korean native cattle, Hanwoo. Methods: The data set comprised 61 sires and their 486 Hanwoo steers that were born between spring of 2005 and fall of 2007. The steers were genotyped with the 35,968 SNPs that were embedded in the Illumina bovine SNP 50K beadchip and six growth and carcass quality traits were measured for the steers. A series of lack-of-fit tests between the models was applied to classify gene expression pattern as additive or dominant. Results: A total of 18 (0), 15 (3), 12 (8), 15 (18), 11 (7), and 21 (1) SNPs were detected at the 5% chromosome (genome) - wise level for weaning weight (WWT), yearling weight (YWT), carcass weight (CWT), backfat thickness (BFT), longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA) and marbling score, respectively. Among the significant 129 SNPs, 56 SNPs had additive effects, 20 SNPs dominance effects, and 53 SNPs both additive and dominance effects, suggesting that dominance inheritance mode be considered in genetic improvement for growth and carcass quality in Hanwoo. The significant SNPs were located at 33 quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions on 18 Bos Taurus chromosomes (i.e. BTA 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 26, 28, and 29) were detected. There is strong evidence that BTA14 is the key chromosome affecting CWT. Also, BTA20 is the key chromosome for almost all traits measured (WWT, YWT, LMA). Conclusion: The application of various additive and dominance SNP models enabled better characterization of SNP inheritance mode for growth and carcass quality traits in Hanwoo, and many of the detected SNPs or QTL had dominance effects, suggesting that dominance be considered for the whole-genome SNPs data and implementation of successive molecular breeding schemes in Hanwoo.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1273-1276
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• 1999

Several reports have indicated that a rectal temperature of buffaloes is easily influenced by their surroundings. To clarify an effect of changing environmental temperature on thermoregulatory responses of buffaloes, an environment with diurnal temperature changes of $25^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$ was created using an artificial climate laboratory. Three swamp buffaloes and three Friesian cows were exposed to three different experimental periods as follows: Period 1 (constant temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, Period 2 (diurnally changing temperature) and Period 3 (diurnally changing temperature and fasting). Heat production, rectal temperature, respiration rate, heart rate and respiration volume were measured during each period. Rectal temperature of the buffaloes fluctuated diurnally with the changing temperature (Periods 2 and 3), but remained constant in cows. Mean heat production was significantly lower in buffaloes than in cows in Period 2 and 3. However, the maximum rectal temperature and the increment of heat production were not always lower in buffaloes than in cows during Period 2. These results show that a rectal temperature and heat production in buffaloes are markedly influenced by the diurnal changes in temperature. Compared with Bos Taurus cows, the differences may be attributed to the physiological features of buffaloes including a high heat conductivity of their bodies and an lower heat production.