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Seminal Attributes and Semen Cryo-banking of Nepalese Indigenous Achhami (Bos indicus) Bull under Ex-situ Conservation

  • Jha, Pankaj Kumar;Sapkota, Saroj;Gorkhali, Neena Amatya;Pokharel, Bhoj Raj;Jha, Ajeet Kumar;Bhandari, Shishir;Shrestha, Bhola Shankar
    • Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.272-279
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    • 2019
  • The study was conducted to evaluate the seminal attributes and cryobanking of Achhami (Bos indicus) bull semen. Of two Achhami bulls, 8 ejaculates from each bull were evaluated for seminal attributes. For semen freezing and cryo-banking, 4 ejaculates (having ≥2 mL semen volume, ≥75% of sperm motility and ≥1,000 × 106 cells/mL of sperm concentration) from each bull were used. Semen samples were diluted in egg-yolk-tris-citrate extender using a two-step dilution protocol, and were frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapour in a styrofoam box. The mean semen volume, colour, sperm mass activity, motility, viability, concentration, abnormal acrosome, midpiece and tail and, abnormal head of two Achhami bulls were 4.4 ± 0.5 mL vs. 2.5 ± 0.2 mL, 2.5 ± 0.1 vs. 2.4 ± 0.1, 3.5 ± 0.1 vs. 3.5 ± 0.1, 77.0 ± 1.1% vs. 78.3 ± 1.3%, 94.4 ± 0.5% vs. 91.0 ± 0.6%, 1137.7 ± 73.7 × 106 cells/mL vs. 1060.0 ± 44.3 × 106 cells/mL, 10.2 ± 0.5% vs. 10.3 ± 0.5% and 6.7 ± 0.5% vs. 8.2 ± 0.3%, respectively. The post-thawed sperm motility and viability were 53.0 ± 2.0% vs. 50.0 ± 0.0% and 80.2 ± 0.4% vs. 73.2 ± 0.7%, while evaluating by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system, the percentage of the progressive motility, fast motility, slow motility, local motility and immotile sperm were 75%, 68%, 7.4%, 16.6% and 8.6%, respectively. A total number of 620 doses semen straw were cryo-banked. Due to the acceptable post-thawed sperm motility and viability recorded, cryopreservation of Achhami semen is hereby recommended so as to preserve the Achhami breed. For further validation, the fertility will be observed from the produced frozen semen.

A Missense Mutation in Exon 5 of the Bovine Growth Hormone Gene (소 성장호르몬 유전자의 Exon 5번에서의 새로운 다형성 연구)

  • Yoon, D. H.;Kim, T. H.;Lee, K. H.;Park, E. W.;Lee, H. K.;Cheong, I. C.;Hong, K. C.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.13-22
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    • 2003
  • Growth Hormone (GH) gene is a member of gene family through the evolutionary process from a small common ancestral gene by a series of gene duplications. The role of the GH in growth and performance controls has been extensively studied in human, mice and livestock. Many researchers have considered GH as a strong candidate gene for evaluation of genetic polymorphisms that could be associated with economic traits in cattle. We report here a novel missense mutation within the exon 5 of the bovine Growth Hormone (bGH) gene. We could amplified 522 bp fragments from eight unrelated Hanwoo cattle by PCR, then, subsequently cloned and sequenced. An Msp I RFLP corresponding to a C to T transition was observed at position 2258 nt. From this result, we could predict a missense mutation (Arg to Trp) at codon 166 in a highly conserved region among many mammals. Codominant Mendelian segregation of the two alleles, Msp I (+) and Msp I (-), was observed in two full-sib F2 families (n = 32, African taurine Bos taurus ${\times}$ African zebu Bos indicus) and eight half-sib Hanwoo families. For the availability of genetic marker, we have performed PCR-RFLP with a large number of individual animals from 15 different cattle breeds (European and Asian taurines, and African indicines). Consideration of breed frequencies of Msp I (-) allele in relation to breed type and their geographic origins, shows higher frequencies in humped breeds or Asian cattle breeds than in humpless or European breeds. This result indicates that the missense mutation can be contributed the functional significance such as the signal transduction through the receptor binding, also may be used as a marker for selection of the economic traits in Hanwoo.

Effect of Stocking Density on Eating Behavior of Finishing Hanwoo Steers (Bos taurus coreanae)

  • Lee, Sang Moo;Kwon, Young Chul;Kim, Eun Joong
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.397-404
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    • 2012
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effects of stocking density on eating and ruminating behavior of Hanwoo steers (Bos taurus coreanae) in the finishing period. A total of 30 finishing Hanwoo steers ($631.3{\pm}11.4$ kg, 25 months old) were allocated to one of four stocking density groups comprising 1, 2, 3, and 4 steers per 32 $m^2$ pen [G1 (32 $m^2$), G2 (16 $m^2$), G3 (10.7 $m^2$) and G4 (8 $m^2$), respectively] in triplicate. Eating, rumination behaviors, as well as dry matter intake of steers were measured, and the results were subjected to analysis of variance with stocking density as the main effect. The results of eating behaviors over 48 hours are summarized as follows: Total intake was significantly (p<0.01) higher in G1, G2, and G3 compared to G4. Eating time was not different among the treatments, whereas ruminating time increased in the order of G1 > G2 > G3 > G4 (p<0.01). However, resting time and chewing time (sum of eating and ruminating) were not significantly different among the treatments. Number of boluses and number of total chews were highest in G1 (p<0.01), whereas number of chews per bolus was highest in G3 (p<0.01). Ruminating time per bolus as well as number of boluses per minute was not significantly different among the treatments. Number of defecations was higher in G1 and G2 animals compared to G3 and G4 animals (p<0.01). However, stocking density had no effect on drinking or urination. In conclusion, increasing stocking density (i.e. G4) per pen decreased voluntary intake, ruminating time, and total chewing number in the finishing period of Hanwoo steers. However, care must be taken in discussing stocking density in the present study as the space allowance per animal was satisfactory to meet the current animal welfare regulation in Korea and in Europe, although the beef production system in Korea is more intensive than in Europe.

Growth curve estimates for wither height, hip height, and body length of Hanwoo steers (Bos taurus coreanae)

  • Park, Hu-Rak;Eum, Seung-Hoon;Roh, Seung-Hee;Sun, Du-Won;Seo, Jakyeom;Cho, Seong-Keun;Lee, Jung-Gyu;Kim, Byeong-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.384-391
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    • 2017
  • Growth curves in Hanwoo steers were estimated by Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic, and Brody nonlinear models using growth data collected by the Hanwoo Improvement Center from a total of 6,973 Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers 6 to 24 months old that were born between 1996 and 2015. The data included three parameters: A, mature size of body measurement; b, growth ratio; and, k, intrinsic growth rate. Nonlinear regression equations for wither height according to Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic, and Brody models were $Y_t=144.7e^{-0.5869e^{-0.00301t}}$, $Y_t=145.3(1-0.1816e^{-0.00284t})^3$, $Y_t=143.1(1+0.7356e^{-0.00352t})^{-1}$, and $Y_t=146.8(1+0.4700e^{-0.00249t})^1$, respectively, while those for hip height were $Y_t=144.5e^{-0.5549e^{-0.00312t}}$, $Y_t=145.0(1-0.1724e^{-0.00295t})^3$, $Y_t=143.1(1+0.6863e^{-0.00360t})^{-1}$, and $Y_t=146.2(1+0.4501e^{-0.00263t})^1$, respectively. Equations for body length $Y_t=174.1e^{-0.8342e^{-0.00289t}}$, $Y_t=175.8(1-0.2500e^{-0.00265t})^3$, $Y_t=170.0(1+1.1548e^{-0.00363t})^{-1}$, and $Y_t=180.3(1+0.6077e^{-0.00215t})^1$, respectively, for the same models. Among the four models, the Brody model resulted in the lowest mean square error, with mean square errors of 31.79, 30.57, and 42.13, respectively, for wither height, hip height, and body length. Also, an estimated birth wither height, birth hip height, and birth body length (77.98, 80.57, and 70.97 cm, respectively) were lower in the Brody model than in other models. An inflection point was not observed during the growth phase of Hanwoo steer according to the growth curves calculated using Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, and Logistic models. Based on the results, we concluded that the regression equation using the Brody model was the most appropriate among the four growth models. To obtain more accurate parameters, however, using data from a wider production period (from birth to shipping) would be required, and the development of a suitable model for body conformation traits would be needed.

Study on Eating Behavior of Holstein Steers by Growth Stages (Bos taurus) (Holstein 거세 비육우 성장단계별 채식 행동에 관한 연구)

  • Hea, Byeong-Joon;Kim, Eun Joong;Lee, Sang Moo
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.234-241
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    • 2021
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effects of a different growing stage on the eating and ruminating behavior of Holstein steer (Bos taurus). A total of nine Holstein steers were divided into three growing stage groups (T1: growth stage, 8 months old, T2: Early fattening stage, 15 months old, T3: late fattening stage, 24 months old) with 3 replicates. In the feeding method, concentrate was offered at 1.62% of the body weight per treatment, respectively. And the forage was fed ad libitum for all treatment. The results of behaviors are summarized as follows: The rate of dry matter intake compared to body weight (DMI/BW, %) was high in the order of T1(2.21%) > T2(2.09%) > T3(1.39%). Eating time, ruminating time and resting time were significantly higher in T1, T2 and T3, respectively(p<0.05, 0.01). Chewing time was significantly lower in T3 than in T1 and T2(p<0.01). The number of bolus and the number of total chews were significantly higher in T2 than those of the other treatments(p<0.01). However ruminating time per bolus and the number of bolus per minute were not significantly different among the treatments. The numbers of drinking and defecating were not significantly different among the treatments. The number of urinating was significantly higher T1 than those of the other treatments(p<0.01). Time of drinking, defecating and urinating was not significantly difference among the treatments.

Lectin histochemistry of the olfactory mucosa of Korean native cattle, Bos taurus coreanae

  • Sungwoong, Jang;Bohye, Kim;Jeongmin, Lee;Sohi, Kang;Joong-Sun, Kim;Jong-Choon, Kim;Sung-Ho, Kim;Taekyun, Shin;Changjong, Moon
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.88.01-88.14
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    • 2022
  • Background: The olfactory mucosa (OM) is crucial for odorant perception in the main olfactory system. The terminal carbohydrates of glycoconjugates influence chemoreception in the olfactory epithelium (OE). Objectives: The histological characteristics and glycoconjugate composition of the OM of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo, Bos taurus coreae) were examined to characterize their morphology and possible functions during postnatal development. Methods: The OM of neonate and adult Korean native cattle was evaluated using histological, immunohistochemical, and lectin histochemical methods. Results: Histologically, the OM in both neonates and adults consists of the olfactory epithelium and the lamina propria. Additionally, using periodic acid Schiff and Alcian blue (pH 2.5), the mucus specificity of the Bowman's gland duct and acini in the lamina propria was determined. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that mature and immature olfactory sensory neurons of OEs express the olfactory marker protein and growth associated protein-43, respectively. Lectin histochemistry indicated that numerous glycoconjugates, including as N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, complex type N-glycan, and fucose groups, were expressed at varied levels in the different cell types in the OMs of neonates and adults at varying levels. According to our observations, the cattle possessed a well-developed olfactory system, and the expression patterns of glycoconjugates in neonatal and adult OMs varied considerably. Conclusions: This is the first study to describe the morphological assessment of the OM of Korean native cattle with a focus on lectin histochemistry. The findings suggest that glycoconjugates may play a role in olfactory chemoreception, and that their labeling properties may be closely related to OM development and maturity.

Improved pregnancy rate and sex ratio in fresh/frozen in vivo derived embryo transfer of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) cows

  • Jihyun Park;Wonyou Lee;Islam M. Saadeldin;Seonggyu Bang;Sanghoon Lee;Junkoo Yi;Jongki Cho
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.65 no.4
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    • pp.779-791
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    • 2023
  • This study aimed to assess the effects of embryonic developmental stage, quality grade, and fresh or frozen/thawed conditions on the pregnancy rate and sex ratio of live offspring in Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) cows. The quality and developmental stage of in vivo-derived (IVD) transferred embryos were evaluated using the standard criteria of the International Embryo Technology Society. The recipient cows were synchronized using conventional (estradiol benzoate and progesterone) protocols before embryo transfer. Embryos were transferred to 297 cows, and pregnancy was monitored for 60-70 days after embryo transfer. The pregnancy rates of fresh and frozen/thawed embryos were 56.90% and 52.49%, respectively. Pregnancy rates varied according to embryo quality (56.18% for grade 1 vs. 36.67% for grade 2). Pregnancy rates also varied by developmental stage and cryopreservation (67.86% vs. 63.49% for stage 4-1, 64.00% vs. 54.72% for 5-1, and 50.00% vs. 47.83% for 6-1, in fresh embryos vs. frozen/thawed embryos, respectively). For stage 7-1, the pregnancy rates were 72.73% for fresh embryos and 20.00% for frozen/thawed embryos. In 66 fresh embryos, the sex ratio of live offspring was 5:5, whereas it was 4(female):6(male) for frozen/thawed embryos among the 95 frozen/thawed embryos. The miscarriage rate was approximately 3% higher for frozen/thawed embryos than for fresh embryos (18.1% for fresh vs. 21.1% for frozen). Seasonal fertility rates were 33.3% in spring, 55.67% in summer, 52.8% in autumn, 60.0% in winter. The following male-to-female ratios were observed in different seasons: 6.7:3.3 in spring, 4.0:6.0 in summer, 5.5:4.5 in autumn, and 3.3:6.7 in winter. The current data revealed no significant differences in pregnancy rates between fresh and frozen/thawed IVD embryos. However, there was a lower pregnancy rate with advanced-stage frozen/thawed embryos (stage 7-1). The current study provides comprehensive results for the better optimization of embryo transfer in Hanwoo cattle to obtain the desired fertility rate, pregnancy rate, and sex ratio of calves. These results provide important insights into the factors that influence the viability and success of IVD embryo transfer in Hanwoo cows and may have practical applications for improving breeding programs and reducing production costs.

Ovarian potential of Cameroonian Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) slaughtered in Etoudi - Yaoundé

  • Nsiyapnze Katte Yato Katte;Tchoffo Herve;Azafack Kana Dorice;Chongsi Margaret Mary Momo;Ngoula Ferdinand
    • Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.236-246
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    • 2023
  • Background: This study helps to evaluate the Ovarian potential of Cameroonian Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) slaughtered in Etoudi - Yaoundé for implementing Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ARTs). The aim was to enhance the productivity of the cattle sub-sector in Cameroon while conserving local genetic resources. Methods: A total of 144 cows, including 94 cycled cows and 50 pregnant cows, were included in the study. Live weights were determined by measuring the thoracic perimeter of each cow using a Rondo measuring tape. Age was determined postmortem through examination of dentition and horns, while the uterus and ovaries were removed, weighed, and classified based on physiological status (pregnant or nonpregnant). Follicles were counted, and their diameters were measured and categorized into small (Ø < 3 mm), medium (Ø 3-8 mm), and large (Ø > 8 mm). Results: The results revealed an average follicular population of 32.02 ± 9.31 per cow, with 22.43 ± 8.45 small follicles, 8.42 ± 3.87 medium follicles, and 0.76 ± 0.34 large follicles. The weight of the right ovary was significantly higher than that of the left ovary (p < 0.05), and cows aged 6 to 9 years exhibited a higher number of follicles compared to other age groups. Cows with medium (BCS = 3) and large (BCS = 4-5) body reserves had the heaviest ovaries. Additionally, pregnant cows had heavier uteri compared to non-pregnant cows, and cows with a body condition score of 3 or higher had higher uterine weights than lean cows (BCS = 1-2). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that age, body condition score, and pregnancy status influence ovarian weight. Body Condition Score serves as a reliable indicator of cow nutritional status, and cows with BCS of 3-5 are excellent candidates for in vitro production of embryos.

Effect of Lentinula edodes water extracts and Lentinan on proliferation of myosatellite cell of Bos taurus Hanwoo (표고 자실체 물 추출물과 베타글루칸이 한우 근육위성세포 증식에 미치는 영향)

  • Sohee Kim;Sehyuk Oh;Sanghun Park;Eunjin Kim;Jungseok Choi;Hwayong Lee
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.66
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    • pp.60-66
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    • 2023
  • Lentinula edodes is one of the most produced mushrooms in the world. In this study, the effects of L. edodes water extracts and lentinan, a beta-glucan from this mushroom, on the proliferation of Bos taurus Hanwoo myosatellite cells were studied. The betaglucan content of the L. edodes water extract was approximately 15.20% at 85 ℃ for 4 h, 13.64% at 100 ℃ for 4 h, 9.48% at 40 ℃ for 8 h and 8.21% at room temperature for 24 h. L. edodes water extract was added to the culture of Hanwoo myosatellite cells. The expression of the MyoD gene increased in the addition of the extract at 40 ℃ for 8 h and 100 ℃ for 4 h, and the expression of the Myogenin gene increased in the addition of the extract at 40 ℃ for 8 h, but proliferation and activity did not increase compared to no addition. However, the addition of lentinan to the culture of Hanwoo myosatellite cells increased the expression of Myogenin gene related to muscle formation increased and the proliferation and viability of the cells. This study proved that the components of L. edodes can affect the proliferation of Hanwoo myosatellite cells, and further research will help develop the mushroom industry and cultured meat industry in the future.

PLASMA AND MILK PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATIONS AND EARLY PREGNANCY IN ZEBU COWS

  • Alam, M.G.S.;Ghosh, A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.131-136
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    • 1994
  • In an effort to confirm true oestrus and to detect early pregnancy in Zebu cows (Bos indicus), sequential blood and milk samples were collected at the day of imsemination (Day 0) and days 14, 20 and 24 after insemination. Progesterone was determined in skimmed milk and plasma by solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). Of the cows thought to be in oestrus plasma, (n = 46) and milk (n = 58) samples demonstrated low progesterone concentrations ($0.99{\pm}0.11$ and $2.02{\pm}0.14nmol/l$) in 42 (91%) and 52 (90%) cases respectively. Thirty two (76%) and 30 (71%) cows were thought to be pregnant by plasma progesterone RIA ($20.23{\pm}1.03$ and $20.48{\pm}1.01nmol/l$) at days 20 and 24 respectively. At the same period, 40 (77%) and 37 (71%) cows were thought to be pregnant by milk progesterone RIA ($27.82{\pm}1.28$and $28.02{\pm}1.27nmol/l$). Assuming 100% accuracy for rectal examination of pregnancy diagnosis between days 60-65 postservice, the RIA was found to be 84% and 90% accurate for plasma and 84% and 92% accurate for milk at day 20 and 24, respectively. All cows thought to be non pregnant by progesterone measurement were correctly diagnosed. Progesterone assay at 24 days after oestrus may therefore be accurate for early diagnosis of pregnancy in Zebu cows.