• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.117-133
• /
• 2023

This study assessed the ecological health of border areas using the ecological health index and suggested Indicators for maintaining and promoting ecological values. We analyzed the change trends, pressures, and resilience of ecosystems and services in border areas, and identified their current status and sustainability. The main findings were: (1) ecological assets and ecosystem services in border areas could be compared through ecosystem health assessment; (2) it can be used to set priorities for management and conservation by identifying the relative importance and vulnerability of ecosystems and ecosystem services in each border area; and (3) the index presented in this study can be judged to have explanatory power for the characteristics of border areas and ecosystem health when compared to previous studies. Limitations of this study include the lack of literature and statistical data at the local government level and the resulting limited application of evaluation methods, which limited direct regional comparisons. To overcome the research limitations, further studies are needed, such as establishing ecological information in border areas, mapping and assessment of ecosystem services, and developing and applying assessments that reflect the opinions and participation of various stakeholders. This study was the first attempt to assess the health of ecosystems and ecosystem services in border areas and provided an important baseline for future changes in border areas. In the future, it will be helpful in national and local government policies and ecological assetecosystem management by supplementing insufficient information and presenting clear goals.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.653-662
• /
• 2003

Changes in the area of geo-ecosystem $(62^{\circ}09'S,\;58^{\circ}31'w)$ reflect climatic changes in the South Shetland Islands. Air temperature and deglaciation will increase. The ice-free space area at the SSSS 8- (ASPA 121) site has enlarged threefold during the last 21 years, thus creating conditions for inhabitation and succession. Wind, water and snow play important roles in transportation of geochemical components. They distribute nutrients, mineral substances, seeds, fragments of plants and animals, etc. Plant and animal colonization is patchy and it happens at random in an 'island' - like manner. The colonization pattern is dependant, to a high degree on physical factors. The newly uncovered ice-free areas are at first inhabited by a vascular plant known as the Deschampsia antarctica. The border of the land-oasis with Admiralty Bay is the place where the processes related to animal feeding at the sea and reproduction on the land take place. Bird colonies and pinniped lairs form centers of fertilization surrounded by high chemical gradients dependent on the direction of the flow of nutrients $(e.g.\;NH_4)$. During the last 25 years, the numbers of penguins in this region have decreased, and thus the amount of materials excreted on land has diminished. The numbers of fur seals change in multi-annual cycles, and their migration into this area is related to the E1 $Ni\~{n}o$ phenomenon. The numbers of elephant seals in the area did not change. Organic matter deposited by the sea onto the shore are a source of nutrients and deficient chemical elements on land. Mineral matter is washed out into the waters of Admiralty Bay. These processes change seasonally, and multi annually. Negative effects on the environment at Arctowski Station induced by man are slight, but noticeable nevertheless. Physical processes have the largest influence on the living conditions and distribution of plants and animals, and as a consequence, on the functioning of the geo-ecosystem in the coastal-shore zone of the Maritime Antarctic.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.237-247
• /
• 2002

Air pollution by acid pollutants is problematic in the whole world. Water acidification has already been deteriorating the forest ecosystem. This study was conducted to analyze the acidity and chemical composition of the open precipitation and throughfall at forests with various geographic locations in Korea. The results of this study are as follows; The open precipitation pH was lowest in Seochun. The throughfall pH showed some buffering capacity in only Quercus mongolica stands. In Pinus rigida(Shingal and Seochun) stands, there was little difference from the open precipitation. Chemical composition of the open precipitation for each sampling site showed that $Ca^{2+}$, N $H_{4}$$^{+}$ and S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$ concentrations had higher value than other ions, and except these ions, the small quantity of ions showed different properties to each site. Changes of ion concentrations in the throughfall showed a tendency to increase. ion concentrations of the throughfall increased with washout and nutrient leaching from the trees. In conclusion, the influence was extended to the pure zone, and the frequency of acid rain is increasing. But, if the deposition of pollutants exceeds the capacity of purification, it would damage forest ecosystem. Further investigations are necessary to identify tolerant tree species to acid pollutants.nts.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.49 no.5
• /
• pp.454-460
• /
• 2021

Daecheongdo and Socheongdo Islands are located in the West Sea of Korea, 210 km away from land, and are military border areas very close to North Korea, making them difficult to access. Although the ecosystem of the islands is relatively well preserved due to the lack of accessibility, research on fungi of the regions is insufficient. Therefore, we aimed to investigate indigenous fungi in these geographically and geopolitically constrained regions. A survey of the indigenous fungal diversity of the islands was conducted in 2018. All specimens were identified at the species level based on morphological and molecular analyses. Among them, six macrofungi-namely, Agaricus menieri, Crepidotus praecipuus, Dichomitus squalens, Hortiboletus amygdalinus, Melanoleuca friesii, and Trametes lactinea-were not previously reported in Korea. Considering that the proportion of unrecorded species is high in the survey area and period as well as the number of samples collected, similar research on adjacent islands may be necessary.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.268-287
• /
• 2022

This study reports newly discovered seven forest wetlands in the western part of the Korean Demilitarized Zone-Civilian Control Zone ecoregion. The wetland assessment criteria proposed by National Arboretum were adopted to evaluate four fields: vegetation and landscape, biogeochemical cycle, hydraulics and hydrology, and social-cultural-historical landscape and disturbances. Among seven wetlands located in Gimpo and Paju, five were of the fallow field type and two were of the natural type. A total of 474 plant species were recorded, including nine rare plants, such as the Carex capricornis Meinsh. ex Maxim. Three forest wetlands were sorted into A-grade, three into B-grade, and one into C-grade. Monitoring forest wetlands scattered across the border area ruled by military regulations can be challenging; still, as forest wetlands with high conservation value turned out, further investigations through remote sensing and cooperation by the relevant agencies will be required.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2013

The ecosystem is the complex system consisting of various biotic and abiotic factors and the factors interact with each other in the hierarchical predator-prey relationship. Since the competitive relation spatiotemporally occurs, the initial state of population density and species distribution are likely to play an important role in the stability of the ecosystem. In the present study, we constructed a lattice model to simulate the three-trophic ecosystem (predatorprey- plant) and using the model, explored how the ecosystem stability is affected by the initial density. The size of lattice space was $L{\times}L$, (L=100) with periodic boundary condition. The initial density of the plant was arbitrarily set as the value of 0.2. The simulation result showed that predator and prey coexist when the density of predator is less than or equal to 0.4 and the density of prey is less than or equal to 0.5. On the other hand, when the predator density is more than or equal to 0.5 and the density of prey is more than or equal to 0.6, both of predator and prey were extinct. In addition, we found that the strong nonlinearity in the interaction between species was observed in the border area between the coexistence and extinction in the species density space.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.237-264
• /
• 2011

Based on its geophysical feature, the island has long been recognized as a separate and self-sustaining space independent of neighboring continent or other islands. Literary tradition has used the island as a metaphor for a utopian alternative to mundane human society with its various kinds of wrongdoings. Recent nature writings have taken up this island metaphor to emphasize the wholeness of the ecosystem in specifically designated natural community or landscapes such as national parks or wilderness preservation areas. Human-nature relations as border-divided area is also recognized as the island. Modern island biogeography, however, has disproved such a concept of islands as autonomous, revealing the contrasting fact that the richness of species on an undisturbed island is determined largely by species immigration from and emigration to a source of colonists. This scientific finding has posited the island as the interconnected nature, but the public and metaphoric use of it still resorts to the old concept of it as isolated and autonomous nature, because this image has been ingrained deeply in our consciousness and culture. Considering the negative consequences from the recognition of nature and nature-humans as isolated space, we need a new nature metaphor that embodies interconnectedness in nature and of human-nature relations. Such feature of interconnectedness is best embedded in the concept of ecotone. Some ecotones are created and maintained through human participation in nature, and this human induced nature of ecotone denotes the possibilities of a constructive relation between them. The substitution of the island with the ecotone as the concept of nature and the image of human-nature relations is expected to correct ecocritical practices of reading of nature writing, which has been predominantly interpreted within the orientation of nature itself and nature-human relations as an isolated and self-autonomous island. Adopting the ecotone in literary study enables ecocriticism to dig out cultural elements embedded in nature writing and reveal socio-political, ideological factors hidden behind the writers' portrayal of nature as islands.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
• /
• 2002.04a
• /
• pp.219-228
• /
• 2002

Because western sea on the shore development is threatening sea ecosystem by decrease of silt and large size land-reclamation work by industrialization causes surrounding weather change and sea change, generate much changes bottom of the sea topography and coastline. Also, is influencing to route for safe entry into port of ship, departure. Therefore, this research did 0m boundary line, anxiety 2m line which appear to coastline of land portion and the border of silt using sea base level of lowest low tone side that is base line that appear because of sea waves to basis data numerical value Tuesday, numerical value by divide drawing that is changed to 4 area and analyze change degree of new airport construction and new town development, seashore by western sea district along the coast development of tide embankment construction and so on and bottom of the sea recognize.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.135-153
• /
• 2021

The demilitarized zone (DMZ) is a border barrier with 248 kilometers in length and about 4 kilometers in width crossing east to west to divide the Korean Peninsula about in half. The boundary at 2 kilometers to the south is called the southern limit line. The DMZ has formed a unique ecosystem through a natural ecological succession after the Armistice Agreement and has high conservation value. However, the use of facilities for the military operation and the unchecked weeding often damage the areas in the vicinities of the southern limit line's iron-railing. This study aimed to prepare basic data for the restoration of damaged barren vegetation. As a result of classifying vegetation communities based on indicator species, 10 communities were identified as follows: Duchesnea indica Community, Hosta longipes Community, Sedum kamtschaticum-Sedum sarmentosum Community, Potentilla anemonefolia Community, Potentilla fragarioides var. major Community, Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina Community, Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum-Carex lanceolata Community, Dendranthema zawadskii Community, Plantago asiatica-Trifolium repens Community, and Ixeris stolonifera-Kummerowia striata Community. Highly adaptable species can characterize vegetation in barren areas to environment disturbances because artificial disturbances such as soil erosion, soil compaction, topography change, and forest fires caused by military activities frequently occur in the barren areas within the southern limit line. Most of the dominant species in the communities are composed of plants that are commonly found in the roads, roadsides, bare soil, damaged areas, and grasslands throughout South Korea. Currently, the vegetation in barren areas in the vicinities of the DMZ is in the early ecological succession form that develops from bare soil to herbaceous vegetation. Since dominant species distributed in barren land can grow naturally without special maintenance and management, the data can be useful for future restoration material development or species selection.