• 한방비만학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.61-75
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate correlation between obese degree, result of hair tissue mineral analysis and bony maturation. And we also wanted to compare the differences between early bony maturation group(EBM) and late bony maturation group(LBM). Methods : 146 subjects who visited growth clinic were measured by BMI, PBF(percent body fat), percent BMI, bone age esimation and HTMA(hair tissue mineral analysis). The patients were classified into two groups - EBM, LBM group - according to the gap of bone age and chronological age. It was analysed that the correlation of bony maturation and obese degree, nutritional elements, heavy metals, significant ratio of nutritional elements. Also, analysed the differences between groups. Results : 1. BMI, percent BMI had a correlation with bony maturation, PBF however didn't have a correlation with it. 2. Ca, Mg, Zn and P had a positive correlation with bony maturation, and also K, Cr and Mo had a negative correlation. 3. U, As and Cd had a negative correlation with bony maturation. 4. Ca/P, Na/K, Ca/K and Zn/Cu had a positive correlation with bony maturation, and also Na/Mg, Ca/Mg had a negative correlation. 5. Percent BMI, Ca, Mg, Mn and Ca/p were higher in EBM group. 6. K, Mo and Hg were lower in EBM group. Conclusion : According to this study it could be suggested that maintaining proper percent BMI and accumulation of nutritional elements, heavy metals to prevent early bony maturation.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2006

Objectives : It has been suggested that obesity in childhood may lead early menarche and rapid bony maturation. The purpose of this study is to investigate correlation between bone maturation and obese degree in childhood in Korea. Methods : Height, body weight, BMI, percent body fat were taken 138 patients. Ultrasonic scan was taken through calcaneous of the right foot to evaluate bone age. $DA({\Delta}age)$ was calculated from the difference of bone age and chronological age, and it was used in correlation with obese degree. Results : 1. The average age of patients was $11.91{\pm}2.86$ years old in boys, $11.44{\pm}2.27$ years old in girls. 2. The average BMI was $20.92{\pm}4.53kg/m2$ in boys, $19.76{\pm}4.05kg/m2in$ girls, and average percent body fat was $25.13{\pm}8.23%$ in boys, $27.66{\pm}5.95%$ in girls. 3. The average OI(osteo index) was 37.88 in boys, 36.64 in girls, and average bone age was $12.00{\pm}2.61$ years old in boys, $11.81{\pm}2.11$ years old in girls. 4. There was significant correlation between $DA({\Delta}age)$ and PBF in boys, but no significant correlation with BMI(p<0.05). 5. There was significant correlation between $DA({\Delta}age)$ and PBF, BMI in girls(p<0.01). 6. There was significant correlation between RA and OI(p<0.01). Conclusion : It is suggested that obese degree may have an impact on early bony maturation especially in case of girls.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2009

Objective : Recently, we are interested in bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Most of patients with osteonecrosis have taken medicine bisphosphonate for a long time. But the mechanism of osteonecrosis in BRONJ was not clarified yet. The aim of this study is to evaluate the difference of bone healing effect after bone graft from ilium to maxillary sinus in rabbits between zoledronate-treated and zoledronate-not treated groups. Method : The subjects was divided into two groups. The experimental group was 9 rabbits, treated with intraperitoneal administration of zoledronate(0.06mg/kg) once per week for 3 weeks. In control group, same procedure was applied but administerd saline instead of zoledronate. After 4 weeks, surgical operation under local anesthesia (ketamine 3.0cc, xylazine 1.0cc) was done. At postoperative 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks later, each rabbits were sacrificed and removed the bone grafted area. Gross, radiologic and histopathologic exminations of bone grafted area were performed. Result : There were no conspicuous differences of radiological findings between experimental and control groups in any experimental weeks. In experimental group, new bone formation appeared earlier than control group at 1 week after operation, and maturation of bony tissue were more conspicuous at 2 and 4 weeks after operation, compared with control group. In 8 weeks after operation, similar microscopic findings were noted in both groups. Conclusion : In the bisphosphonate-treated rabbits, new bone formation in the bone grafted area appeared earlier and bony maturation was more concpicuous, even though there were no significant differences of gross and radiological findings. These findings suggest that bisphosphonate might be promotive effect in the healing process in early stage after administration.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the healing process of the calvarial defect filled with hydroxylapatite(HA) and $TGF-{\beta}$ in Rat. 72 Sprague-Dawly rats were divided into 3 groups, control and two experimental groups. Bony defect were artificially prepared in the calvaria of all 72 rats and followed by implantation of HA (experimental group of 24 rats) and HA+$TGF-{\beta}$(another experimental group of 24 rats) into the defects. Sequential sacrifice was performed at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks of experiment. Obtained specimen was stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's Trichrome and Immunohistochemistry. The results were as follows, 1. Granulation tissue was prominent on control group in 1 and 2 weeks. Bony defects were filled with dense fibrous tissue through the whole experimental period and osteoinduction could not be observed in all groups. 2. Inflammatory cell infiltration was prominent on control group in 1 and 2 weeks and osteoclastic activity was high in HA implanted experimental group at 1 and 2 weeks. 3. Inflammatory cell infiltration was less and maturation of fibrous tissue could be found on HA+$TGF-{\beta}$ implanted experimental group at 1 and 2 weeks. 4. Osteoconduction activity was high in HA+$TGF-{\beta}$ implanted experimental group at 2 and 4 weeks but there was no difference after 6 weeks among 3 groups. 5. In grafted site of HA+$TGF-{\beta}$ implanted group, osteonectin expression was slightly increased from 1 week to 6 weeks. In the host site, it was increased from 1 to 4weeks. 6. In grafted site of HA+$TGF-{\beta}$ implanted group, osteocalcin expression was high at 4 weeks. In the host site, we could find the difference among 3 groups. From above results, the HA with mixture of $TGF-{\beta}$ has the potentiality of promoting bone formation in the bony defect area in the rat.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.348-354
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• 2017

Objective : To identify and investigate differences in spinal fusion between the normal and osteopenic spine in a rat model. Methods : Female Sprague Dawley rats underwent either an ovariectomy (OVX) or sham operation and were randomized into two groups: non-OVX group and OVX group. Eight weeks after OVX, unilateral lumbar spinal fusion was performed using autologous iliac bone. Bone density (BD) was measured 2 days and 8 weeks after fusion surgery. Microcomputed tomography was used to evaluate the process of bone fusion every two weeks for 8 weeks after fusion surgery. The fusion rate, fusion process, and bone volume parameters of fusion bed were compared between the two groups. Results : BD was significantly higher in the non-OVX group than in the OVX group 2 days and 8 weeks after fusion surgery. The fusion rate in the non-OVX group was higher than that in the OVX group 8 weeks after surgery (p=0.044). The bony connection of bone fragments with transverse processes and bone formation between transverse processes in non-OVX group were significantly superior to those of OVX group from 6 weeks after fusion surgery. The compactness and bone maturation of fusion bed in non-OVX were prominent compared with the non-OVX group. Conclusion : The fusion rate in OVX group was inferior to non-OVX group at late stage after fusion surgery. Bone maturation of fusion bed in the OVX group was inferior compared with the non-OVX group. Fusion enhancement strategies at early stage may be needed to patients with osteoporosis who need spine fusion surgery.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.8-22
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• 1990

This study was performed to evaluate the histopathologic changes of the rabbit tibial compact bone using internal irrigation with both cold and room - temperature saline on drilling. The medial surface of the rabbit tibia was drilled with specially designed pilot drill (2.0mm in diameter) at 300 rpm. When drilling, two different temperature salines were injected (experimental group I : $4^{\circ}C$ saline, experimental goup Ⅱ : room - temperature saline). And the control group was drilled without cooling agent. The three rabbits in each two experimental and control groups were sacrificed 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after. The bone tissues including the bony defects were fixed with 10% neurtal buffered formalin, decalcified with formic acid, embedded in paraplast, and sterile sectioned at 5-6${\mu}m$. And then tissue specimens were stained with H - E and observed under light microscope. The results were as follow : The experimental groups showed early bone repair than the control group at all intervals. They underwent the same course of bone repair until 4 weeks. But the experimental group I showed slightly better bone maturation than the experimental group Ⅱ at 8 weeks.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.769-786
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• 1998

The purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblastic cells and to compare the bone healing ability of rat calvarial defects between the control group and the safflower seed extract treated group. Osteoblastic cells were obtained from calvariae of a fetal rat. Cells were cultured containing DMEM and safflower seed extract ($10^{-6}g/ml$, $10^{-3}g/ml$) at $37^{\circ}$ with 5% $CO_2$ in 100% humidity for 3 days. MTT was performed to examine the viability of the cells, and alkaline phosphatase activity was analyzed to examine the mineralization in vitro. Rat calvarial defects($5{\times}5mm$) in 250g Sprague-Dawly were made using round bur. Rats were administrated with safflower seed extract(0.35g/kg/day) for experimental periods. Calvarial defects were studied histopathologically and immunohistochemically at 1,4, and 8 weeks. High concentration group($10^{-3}g/ml$) of safflower seed extract significantly increased in the cell proliferation and alkaline phos phatase synthesis in osteoblastic cells. The infiltration of inflammatory cells and osteoclastic activities were decreased in the safflower seed extract treated group as compared with control group. Bone maturation was accelerated in the safflower seed extract treated group as compared to control group. No difference in osteoinductive process was observed between the control and the safflower seed extract treated group. Immunohistochemical observation revealed that protein expression of TGF-$\beta$and osteonectin during early healing phase in the safflower seed extract treated group was slightly increased as compared to control group. These results indicate that safflower seed extract promotes the healing process in bony defect of rat calvariae, and retains a potential applicability as an adjuvant therapeutic modality for regeneration of periodontal bony defect.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tissue response in various bone grafting materials, especially xenogenous bone materials in vivo, compare of bone formation capacity of various bone grafting materials on rat skull defects and evaluate the effect of Hyaluronic acid on healing of human Demineralized Freezed Dried Bone allogenous graft (DFDBA) materials in rat calvarial defects. 30 Sprague-Dawly rats were divided into 4 groups. $7{\times}7mm$ size bony defect were artificially prepared in the calvaria (both parietal bone) of all 30 rats and follwed group grafting of autogenous bone graft on right side and allogenic DFDBA on left side bone graft (rat DFDB) in 15 control group, but in 15 experimental group, xenograft (human DFDB) on left side, hyaluronic acid treated with xenograft on right side. Sequential sacrifices was performed at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks of experiment. These specimens were stained with H&E and MT stain, and then histologic analysis under light microscope was carried out. There were inflammatory reaction in all graft material during early stage. Autogenous and Allogenous DFDBA graft group observed inflammatory reaction at 1 week. Xenograft group persistant inflammatory reaction until 4 weeks, but in HA treated xenograft group inflammatory reaction was decreased at 2 weeks. Osteoblastic activity in control group was begun at 2 week, xenograft group was delayed at 6 weeks, however HA treated xenograft group was begun at 4 weeks. At 2 week, mild osteoclastic activity were observed in all xenograft group not in concerned to HA, but there was no difference each group after 4 weeks. There are most activated angiogenesis around graft mateirals in xenograft group at 2 weeks, but in HA treated xenograft group, decreased angiogenesis was observed at same time. Bone formation and bone maturation of xenograft group, there was no difference in HA treatment, was less than control group. Fibrosis around xenograft materials were observed until 6 weeks, there was no difference between xenograft and HA treated groups.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.142-146
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• 2004

기괴 방골성 골연골성 증식증은 발생 빈도가 드물고 재발 빈도가 높은 양성 골 병변으로 1983년 Nora등에 의해 처음으로 기술되었다. 처음에는 수족지골에만 발생하는 것으로 보고 되었으나 이후 장골과 두개골 및 상악골 등에서 발생한 예가 보고 되었으며 특히 장골에 발생한 경우 악성 종양과의 감별이 중요하다. 본 증례는 14세 남자환자의 상완골 간부에 발생한 기괴 방골성 골연골성 증식증의 예로 단순 방사선 사진 상 상완골 간부에 비교적 광범위한 기저부를 가지면서 피질골에 붙어있는 약 $4{\times}3$ cm 크기의 원형의 석회화된 종물 소견을 보였으며, 조직학적으로 고밀도의 연골성 증식과 함께 거기서 성숙해나가는 망상골, 그리고 골소주 주변에서는 섬유성 기질이 관찰되었다. 기괴 방골성 골연골성 증식증은 비교적 드문 질환이나 재발이 흔하고 악성 병변과 혼동 될 수 있는 조직학적 특징을 나타내며 단순 절제술로 치료한다. 저자들은 장골에서는 매우 드물게 발생하는 비교적 빠른 성장 속도를 가진 상완골 간부의 기괴 방골성 골연골성 증식증을 경험하였기에 이를 문헌적 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.270-275
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• 2011

섬유성이형성증은 골격 계통의 국소화된 양성 발육장애로서 해면골 내에서 섬유조직이 증식되며 불규칙한 골소주가 형성되는 질환이다. 섬유성이형성증의 두개안면부 병소는 안면동통, 두통, 두개비대칭, 안면기형, 치아이동, 부정교합, 시각이상, 청각이상 등의 증상이 나타날 수 있다. 본 증례는 섬유성이형성증으로 진단된 혼합치열기 환아로서 이환 부위에서 영구치의 맹출지연이 관찰되었다. 병소에 이환되지 않은 환아의 하악 좌측 측방 치열군은 교합위까지 맹출을 완료하였으나 병소에 이환된 하악 우측 측방 치열군은 현재 치조골 내에서 느린 속도로 맹출 중이며 치근 형성이 완료되지 않아 계속 경과 관찰 중이다. 맹출이 정지되었다고 판단될 시 상부 치조골 제거를 통한 맹출유도나 교정적 정출을 고려할 수 있을 것이다.